Økodesign ‘Chiller’ med naturlige kuldemedierArmin Hafner

Kveldsmøte 

2

Introduction• European Directive 2009/125/EC: since2018 chillers with a

rated cooling capacity not exceeding 2 MW must fulfill aseries of “ecodesign” requirements to be placed on themarket and/or put into service

• Carbon dioxide (R744) is the an environmentally-friendlyrefrigerant classified as A1

• R744 is, at least initially, not the first choice for airconditioning or chiller units due to its special thermo-physicalproperties

3

Aim of the work• This work aims at experimentally proving that R744 chillers

can satisfy the ecodesign requirements by recovering part ofthe available expansion work with the aid of two-phaseejectors.

4

Regulation 2016/2281• This is the most important executive regulation related to the

Ecodesign Directive for comfort chillers• Minimum required seasonal space cooling energy efficiency

Comfort chiller tier 1 tier 201.01.2018 01.01.2021ηs,c [%] ηs,c [%]

Air‐to‐water chillerscooling capacity < 400 kW 149 161cooling capacity ≥ 400 kW 161 179Water/brine to water chillersCooling capacity < 400 kW 196 200400 kW ≤ cooling capacity < 1.5 MW 227 252

cooling capacity ≥ 1.5 MW 245 272

5

Air-to-water and water/brine-to-water comfort chillers• Rating points for the calculation of the seasonal space

cooling energy efficiency (ηs,c)

Comfortchiller

RatingPoint

PartLoadRatio

Outdoor side heat exchanger Indoor side heat exchangerInlet temp.

[°C]Outlet temp.

[°C]Inlet temp.

[°C]Outlet temp.

[°C]

Air‐to‐water

A 100% 35 ‐ 12 7B 74% 30 ‐ 12 7C 47% 25 ‐ 12 7D 21% 20 ‐ 12 7

Water/brine to water

A 100% 30 35 12 7B 74% 26 ‐ 12 7C 47% 22 ‐ 12 7D 21% 18 ‐ 12 7

6

Air-to-water and water/brine-to-water comfort chillers(2)

• European cooling season for comfort chillers and air conditioner

Point Tamb[°C]

tannum[h]

EER calculation

ηload

[%]Point Tamb

[°C]tannum[h]

EER calculation

ηload

[%]

1 +17 205 EER (D) 21 13 +29 88 Linear interpolation 68.62 +18 227 EER (D) 21 14 +30 63 B ‐ measured value 743 +19 225 EER (D) 21 15 +31 39 Linear interpolation 79.24 +20 225 D ‐ measured value 21 16 +32 31 Linear interpolation 84.45 +21 216 Linear interpolation 26.2 17 +33 24 Linear interpolation 89.66 +22 215 Linear interpolation 31.4 18 +34 17 Linear interpolation 94.87 +23 218 Linear interpolation 36.6 19 +35 13 A ‐ measured value 1008 +24 197 Linear interpolation 41.8 20 +36 9 EER (A) 1009 +25 178 C ‐ measured value 47 21 +37 4 EER (A) 10010 +26 158 Linear interpolation 52.4 22 +38 3 EER (A) 10011 +27 137 Linear interpolation 57.8 23 +39 1 EER (A) 10012 +28 109 Linear interpolation 63.2 24 +40 0 EER (A) 100

7

Experimental setup

Super‐Smart Facility, sponsored by Advansor

8

Experimental setup: Active (used) parts• Two inverter controlled

compressors• GC1 (glycol cooled) and GC2

(water cooled) are used, while GC3is bypassed

• EJAC indicates a multi-ejectorblock designed for highentrainment ratio and low pressurelift

• EVAPAC,1 indicates a plate heatexchanger evaporator whose heatload is provided by an auxiliaryglycol loop

9

Test procedure• Test conditions -> set-points

Comfortchiller

Ratin

g Po

int Part

LoadRatio

Outdoor side heat exchanger Indoor side heat exchanger

Condensation

temp. [°C]

High pressure [barabs]

Gas cooler outlettemp. [°C]

Evaporation temp.[°C]

Air‐to‐water

A 100% ‐ over 74 +37 +6B 74% ‐ over 74 +31 +6C 47% +30 71 +26 +6D 21% +25 64 +21 +6

Water/brine to water

A 100% ‐ over 74 +32 +6B 74% +29.5 70.3 +28 +6C 47% +25.5 64.5 +24 +6D 21% +21.5 59 +20 +6

10

Test results • Conditions as measured

Comfortchiller

RatingPoint

PartLoadRatio

Outdoor side heat exchanger Indoor side heat exchanger

Condensationtemp. [°C]

High pressure [barabs]

Gas cooler outlettemp. [°C]

Evaporation temp.[°C]

Air‐to‐water

A 100% ‐ 89.8 +37.1 +6B 74% ‐ 79.8 +31.3 +5.9C 47% +30.6 72.8 +26.1 +6D 21% +23.8 62.1 +21.1 +5.9

Water/brine‐to‐water

A 100% ‐ 80.5 +32.3 +5.9B 74% +29.3 70.0 +28.2 +5.6C 47% +25.4 64.3 +24.2 +5.4D 21% +22.2 60.0 +20.3 +6

11

Results

Comfort chiller

Rating Point

Part Load Ratio

Cooling capacity [kW]

Powerconsumption [kW]

EER[‐]

Tin,gl[°C]

Tout,gl[°C]

Air‐to‐water

A 100% 53.2 18.2 2.9 +17.4 +11.3B 74% 39.5 10.7 3.7 +15.2 +10.1C 47% 25.1 5.2 4.8 +11.5 +8.5D 21% 11.2 2 5.6 +10.5 +8.3

Water/brine‐to‐water

A 100% 53.3 15.2 3.5 +16.1 +9.1B 74% 39.5 9.0 4.4 +21.0 +7.9C 47% 25.1 4.6 5.4 +15.9 +7.0D 21% 11.2 1.9 5.9 +9.8 +7.3

12

Results(2)• Most of the test conditions are very close to the

required one• The resulting glycol inlet and outlet temperatures

are not even close to the required conditions:– This is due to the fact that the used plate heat exchanger

is not designed to handle the required load at thesetemperature differences (the focus of study is to achievethe required cooling capacity)

13

Results(3): Air-to-water chillers

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021 Obtained value

Season

al spa

ce coo

ling en

ergy 

effic

iency of coo

ling prod

ucts [%

]

14

Results(4): Air-to-water chillers+21,7%

+12,7%

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021

Percen

tage abo

ve m

inim

um Sea

sona

l space cooling en

ergy efficiency of 

cooling prod

ucts [%

]

15

Results(5): Water/brine to water chillers

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021 Obtained value

Season

al spa

ce coo

ling en

ergy 

effic

iency of coo

ling prod

ucts [%

]

16

Results(6): Water/brine to water chillers

+3,7%

+1,6%

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

7,0

8,0

9,0

10,0

Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021

Percen

tage abo

ve m

inim

um Sea

sona

l space cooling en

ergy efficiency of 

cooling prod

ucts [%

]

17

Sammendrag

• Det er mulig å produsere CO2chillere som oppfyller økodesign kravene også etter 2021.

Other supplier delivering units with natural working fluids

19

Eksempler fra Frigo Plus

20

Unit #1

21

22

Unit #2

23

24

Unit #3

25

26

Eksempler fra Frigo Plus

Ecodesing Directive2009/125/EC

www.frigo‐plus.hrv.1

Ecodesign directive – what is it ?• Framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related

products• For chillers ecodesign directive is implemented through 2 main Commission

regulation:• 1. Commission Regularion (EU) 2015/1095 - implementing Directive

2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for professional refrigerated storage cabinets, blast cabinets, condensing units and process chillers

• 2. Commision Regulation (EU) 2016/2281 - implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products, with regard to ecodesign requirements for air heating products, cooling products, high temperature process chillers and fan coil units

28

Energy-related products

Process chiller

SEPR (*)

(EU) 2015/1095

LT regime-25 °C

MT regime-8 °C

(EU) 2016/2281

HT regime+7 °C

Comfort chiller

SEER (**)

(EU) 2016/2281

HT regime+7 °C

29

(*) SEPR - seasonal energy performance ratio(**) SEER - seasonal energy efficiency ratio

First tier minimum seasonal space cooling energy efficiency of comfort chillers, expressed in %(From 1 January 2018)

Unit type Rated cooling capacity, [kW] Min. ηs,c (SEER)

AW chiller< 400 149

≥ 400 161

WW chiller

< 400 196

≥ 400 and < 1500 227

≥ 1500 245

30

COMFORT CHILLER - SEER

Second tier minimum seasonal space cooling energy efficiency of comfort chillers, expressed in %(From 1 January 2021)

Unit type Rated cooling capacity, [kW] Min. ηs,c (SEER)

AW chiller< 400 161

≥ 400 179

WW chiller

< 400 200

≥ 400 and < 1500 252

≥ 1500 272

31

COMFORT CHILLER - SEER

First tier seasonal energy performance ratio of high temperature process chillers (From 1 January 2018)

Unit type Rated cooling capacity, [kW] Min. SEPR value

AW chiller< 400 4,5

≥ 400 5,0

WW chiller

< 400 6,5

≥ 400 and < 1500 7,5

≥ 1500 8,0

32

HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESS CHILLER - SEPR

Second tier seasonal energy performance ratio of high temperature process chillers (From 1 January 2021)

Unit type Rated cooling capacity, [kW] Min. SEPR value

AW chiller< 400 5,0

≥ 400 5,5

WW chiller

< 400 7,0

≥ 400 and < 1500 8,0

≥ 1500 8,5

33

HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESS CHILLER - SEPR

Second tier seasonal energy performance ratio of process chillers (From 1 July 2018)

Unit type Operating temperature

Rated cooling capacity, [kW]

Min. SEPR value

AW chiller

Medium≤ 300 2,58

> 300 3,22

Low≤ 200 1,70

> 200 1,84

WW chiller

Medium≤ 300 3,29

> 300 4,37

Low≤ 200 2,09

> 200 2,42

34

PROCESS CHILLER - SEPR

Frigo Plus Calculator

Frigo Plus Calculator

•Interactive chiller selection tool

Chiller configuration

•Selection of the components

Calculation of technical data

Automatic calculation of

SEPR and SEER value

35

Lower dT on condenser +Lower dT on evaporator +More capacity steps =Higher efficiency and SEPR and SEER values

Outputs:36 min krav fra 2021: >161

Thank you for your attention!

37

www.frigo‐plus.hr

38

ENRAD fra Sverige

39

Takk for oppmerksomheten!

Armin Hafner