Key Theorists of Child Development. Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 Believed personality develops through a...
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![Page 1: Key Theorists of Child Development. Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 Believed personality develops through a series of stages Experiences in childhood will affect.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7d08/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Key Theoristsof Child
Development
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Sigmund Freud
1856-1939Believed personality
develops through a series of stages
Experiences in childhood will affect adult life
Why are his findings important? Childhood is more
important than previously thought
Effects of childhood are long lasting
![Page 3: Key Theorists of Child Development. Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 Believed personality develops through a series of stages Experiences in childhood will affect.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7d08/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Arnold Gesell
1880-1961Psychologist and
PediatricianIdentified developmental
milestones for childrenChildren will reach
certain developmental milestones at certain ages
Studied and realized the importance of nature vs. nuture
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Jean Piaget
1896-1980First to study children
scientificallyFocused on how
children learnChildren go through 4
stages of learningChildren must be
given learning tasks appropriate to their level of development
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Maria Montessori
1870-1952Believed children should
be seen as individuals who will develop knowledge at their own pace
Child individualizes instruction based on what is developmentally appropriate for themselves
Founded the Montessori School
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Lev Vygotsky
1896-1934Biological development
and cultural experience influence children’s ability to learn
Social contact is essential to intellectual development
Children should be given the opportunity for frequent social interaction
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Erik Erikson
1902-1994Personality develops in
stagesEach stage includes a unique
psychological crisis. If the crisis is met in a positive way, the individual develops normally
Parents/caregivers need to be sensitive to children’s needs at each stage of development and support them through crises.
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B. F. Skinner
1904-1990Argued that when a
child’s actions have positive results, they will be repeated
Negative results will make the actions stop
Parents and other caregivers can affect a child’s behavior through the use of positive and negative feedback
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Albert Bandura
b. 1925Children learn by
imitating othersAlthough environment
shapes behavior, behavior also affects environment
Caregivers must provide good examples for children to follow
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Urie Bronfenbrenner
1917-2005Outlined layers of
environment that affect a child’s development (such as biology, family, community, environment, and society)
Child’s primary relationship with caregiver needs to be stable, loving, and lasting