Tsukuba Campus1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan

http:// imss.kek.jp/

● Tsukuba Campus (KEK)Photon Factory

● Tokai Campus (J-PARC)Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility

HIGH ENERGY ACCELERATOR RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, KEK

Institute of Materials Structure Science

Tokai Campus203-1 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan

2012.9

HIGH ENERGY ACCELERATOR RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, KEK

Neutrons were used to define the struc-ture of copper oxide superconductors. The relation between carrier doping and magnet ism was unders tood us ing muons, and the electronic state was revealed by synchrotron radiation.

High-Tc Superconductivity

Novel Ordered StateIt is a frontier of materials science to find new states and phases of materials. Orbital ordering of electrons has been found for the first time in the world.

The electrons in nanometer scale show peculiar properties, and which should be understood to develop new materials and technologies.

Nanotechnology

Achievements of

Positron

Muon

Atom

NucleusNeutron

Electroncloud

Atom

X-ray

Positron

Electron

Gamma ray

Gamma ray

Neutrons generated in a proton accelerator can identify nuclei. They are useful to observe the structure and motion of light elements, such as hydrogen and lithium. A part in interest is clearly detected by replacing with isotopes. Their permeability is very strong, and the structure inside materials can be investigated.

Neutron

A positron is the antiparticle of an electron and is generated by an electron beam from a linear accelerator. Gamma rays, which are a result of the annihilation of a positron and an electron in a material, and positronium, which is a pair of an electron and a positron, are used to investigate the structure of materials.

Slow Positron

MuonMuons are born as the decay product of pions which were generated by a proton accelerator. Muons are intrinsic magnets, acting as atom-sized compass which can be used to investigate the local magnetic fields in materials. Negatively charged muons are known to emit X-rays unique to each element, and they can be used to for element analysis.

Synchrotron radiation is a high- brilliant light with a wide range of energies (wavelengths) from an accelerator. Ultraviolet light and X-rays are used to investigate the configuration of atoms and the behavior of electrons in materials.

Synchrotron Radiation

Exploring the microscopic world

F o u r b e a m s

Prof. Yonath was awarded the Nobel Pr ize in Chemist r y in 2009 “ for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome”. She star ted this work at the Photon Factor y and developed a low-temperature crystal structure analysis method that has been used to study the structure of many proteins.

Honorary Supreme Professor, KEK

Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, 2009Prof. Ada Yonath

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Chemica l compos i t ion o f the dus t particles brought back by Hayabusa was studied by X-ray diffraction. Synchro-tron radiation has illuminated the early history of the asteroid Itokawa and the solar system.

IMSSInstitute of MaterialsStructure Science

① X-ray Image of rat leg veins: The University of Tsukuba, NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories ② Structure of the VHS domain of GGA1, a transporter protein③ Antiferro-type state of magnetic octupoles in CeB6: Takeshi Matsumura, Hiroshima University ④ "Tmpo Koban" Old Japanese coin: International Christian University, JAEA, National Museum of Japanese History⑤ D1 equipment (μSR spectrometer) ⑥ Structure of rhenium catalyst for the best phenol synthesis: The University of Tokyo

Prof. Ada Yonath : Dan Porgres

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The archeological materials should be de te rm ined w i t hou t damag ing o r destroying them. We used negatively charged muons for a non-destructive analysis of elements and found the depth profile of old coins.

Non-destructive Multi-element Analysis

Neut rons and muons are power fu l research tools to increase the capacity and lifetime of next-generation batteries. Neutrons are useful to identif y light elements, and the positions of lithium in l i t h ium- ion ba t te r y mate r i a l s a re revealed. Muons can replace hydrogen, and the motion of hydrogen in fuel cells is studied.

Lithium-ion Battery・Fuel Cell

Catalysts, which increase the efficiency of chemical reactions, are indispensable in industr ies. Invest igat ion into the structure of catalysts is an important foundation for the development of new catalysts.

Catalyst

More than 70,000 muons per pulse were generated in December 2009. This a l lows us to conduct fundamenta l researches in physics, but also applica-tion researches that lead to improve-ment of our everyday life.

The World-most Intense Pulsed Muons Beams

Analysis of Asteroid Particles

Proteins are key molecules for all living mat ters . They have a s t ruc ture o f po lymer cha in of amino ac ids and functioned in a folded form. Synchrotron radiation has made rapid advances in the understanding of protein structures.

Protein Crystallography

Medical Imaging

The development of accelerators has allowed

exploration into a new field of science, the

“microscopic world.” The structure and func-

tionality of materials are closely linked to each

other. In the recent years, the researches

have led to the evolution of electronic devices

that are rapidly becoming smaller and more

functional, and the drug design based on the

structures of proteins. The Institute of Materi-

als Structure Science (IMSS) effectively com-

bines quantum beams (synchrotron radiation,

neutron, muon and slow positron) to advance

the frontiers of the microscopic world.

I M S S

Membrane proteins: structure, function

and drug design

Capturing biological movements

Membrane proteins perform important biological activities to transfer materials and information into and out of a cell. They are also important as targets for drug design. Crystallization of membrane proteins is difficult and in many cases only a very small crystals are formed. Development of high-brilliant light source and higher sensitiv-ity detectors allows the structural analysis of micro-crystals.

Organisms move over a wide t imescale, from motion that we can capture fast chemical reactions at the femtosecond. For example, photosynthetic reaction center proteins in leaves absorb light and t ransform i t s energy to chemical react ions in 100 femtoseconds. Synchrotron radiation, which is pulsed light, is an ef fective tool for capturing dynamics of biological movements.

Life Science

Discovery of phenomena and their origins may ultimately help preserv-

ing life and the environment. IMSS is developing new accelerators,

beams and detector technologies to step into unexplored territories

such as extreme, ultrafast and ultrasmall world.

Future of

CO2-free energy

Making superconductivity

practical

The clear energies attract considerable attentions. They do not emit CO2 and not rely on fossil fuels and nuclear power. Our discoveries increase the efficiency of the functional materials such as solar cells, fuel cells and hydrogen storage alloys.

Practical use of superconductivity will fix the problems of power loss and heating due to electrical resistance, resulting in the saving of electric-ity. New superconducting materials such as copper oxides, iron-based systems and organic compounds have been discovered. There are, however, still issues to be solved to use supercon-ducting materials in everyday life. Our quantum beams are used to perform research for the discovery of practical superconducting materials.

Energy and Environmental Science

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Exploring the environment deep

inside the Earth

Analysis of extraterrestrial

samples

The inside of the Earth is an extreme environment, with temperatures of a few thousand degrees and pressures of a few tens of thousands of atmospheres. Simulating such environments in experimental devices can reveal the mechanisms of changes in minerals inside the earth, including those that cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

The Universe contains substantial information on the history of the Earth and the Solar System. Precious samples, available in only small quantities, such as meteors from outer space and samples collected by spacecraft, are effectively investi-gated with high-brilliant beams and highly sensi-tive detectors.

Earth and Planetary Science

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Spintronics: beyond electronics

Soft matter that links materials

and life

Materials Science

① Structure of AfcA fucosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum ② Garnet ③ Crystal structure of an iron-based superconductor (CaFe1-xCoxAsF) ④ Hydrogen storage alloy (LaNi5) ⑤ Moving oil drop (tetradecane): Yutaka Sumino, The University of Tokyo

The “giant magnetoresistance effect” that significantly advanced the reduction in size and increase in capacity of computer hard drives is a well-known phenomenon of “spintronics,” which couples the electric and magnetic properties of materials. Many devices whose performances exceed those of traditional electronics devices will be commercialized. X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption and ultra slow muons are being used to understand the origins of such peculiar properties and to observe spin dynamics, which will lead to the designs for new devices.

Soft matter, which is an aggregate of large, complex molecules, is used in a wide range of products from detergents and cosmetics to liquid crystal displays. Lipids and proteins that constitute living tissue are also soft matter. Neutrons and synchrotron X-rays are used to investigate not only the relation between the complex structure and functionality of soft matter, but also the relation between materials and life through biomimetic systems, for example, oil droplets that move around like amoebae.

I M S S

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PF Ring (in front) and PF-AR (back)

MLF Experimental Hall

MLF External View

PF Experimental Hall

Organization of IMSS

Muo

n Science D

ivision

Neutro

n Science D

ivision

Synchro

tron

Rad

iation S

cience Divisio

n II

Synchro

tron

Rad

iation S

cience Divisio

n I

Instrument R&D Team

Condensed Matter Research Center

Structural Biology Research Center

IMSS

Research use and education

International collaboration

IMSS is a research organization that researchers from both inside and outside Japan study the structure and functionality of materials using accelerators. Its mission is to maintain experimental equipment and detector systems and to provide them to researchers based on their research objectives. Synchrotron radiation, neutrons, muons and slow positrons are used to comprehensively investigate a wide range of materials from those at the atomic level to polymers and biomolecules. IMSS has divisions for each research methodology and comprehensive research groups, that is, the Structural Biology Research Center, the Condensed Matter Research Center and the IMSS Detector System Development Team.

The operation of the Australian Beamline at the Photon Factory was started in 1992. It contributed to cutting-edge research conducted by Australian researchers and to the establishment of the Australian Synchrotron facility. The Indian Beamline was built in 2009, which allows fundamental research by Indian researchers. We have recently been working on synchrotron research collaboration in the Asia-Oceania region and have been contributing to the construc-tion of the SESAME accelerator in the Middle East. The Japan-UK agreement from 1986 resulted in the construction of the neutron chopper spectrometer, MARI, at ISIS in the UK with long-term visits by researchers. This formed the foundation of neutron science technology for the construction of neutron spectrometers at J-PARC. IMSS sponsors exchanges of researchers conducting advanced experiments using muon beams as well as the collaborative develop-ment of experimental devices and analysis techniques with the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI ) in Switzerland and the Tri-University Meson Factory (TRIUMF) in Canada.

● Inter-university research instituteKEK, to which IMSS belongs, is an inter-university research institute corporation. Large accelerators and related equip-ment at KEK, which are difficult for individual universities to maintain, can be used free of charge by universities and public research institutions both inside and outside Japan. IMSS accepts about 4,000 researchers per year who work in a wide variety of fields.

Contact : Research Cooperation Division, Research Collaboration and User Support Office kyodo1@mail.kek.jp

● Academic-industrial collaborationIn the academic-industrial collaboration system, researchers from the industry and the IMSS staff work jointly on projects that have resulted in innovative achievements. Human resources, cost, and equipment are shared to provide close collaboration support by using the best resources from academia and the industry.

Contact : Research Cooperation Division, Cooperative Research and Development Office kenkyo2@mail.kek.jp

● Graduate educationKEK is one of a core institute of the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai). IMSS carries out graduate education in the Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science. IMSS also accepts graduate students from universities all over Japan and the world to train them for the next generation.

Contact : Research Cooperation Division, Graduate Education Section kyodo2@mail.kek.jp

● Structural Biology Research CenterThis center promotes research and development of not only molecular and cell biology but also the field of structural biology that includes development of devices for analysis. Other activities include development of technology to increase the efficiency of research. Examples are crystallization of proteins, which is necessary for the structural analysis of proteins; development of robots to exchange samples; and collaboration servers and software for integration.

● Condensed Matter Research CenterThis center promotes research projects in fields important to materials science such as strongly correlated matter, surfaces and interfaces, soft matter, and materials in extreme environments through collaboration of researchers from inside and outside Japan. They explore new research areas across these fields.

● Instrument R&D TeamThis team was established in April 2010 to coordinate and to promote detection technology research. They also function is to serve as an interface between many detector development teams inside and outside KEK and to always pursue the leading edge in detector technology.

● Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF)This research facility utilizes neutrons and muons generated by a high-intensity proton beam. IMSS has six neutron instruments and a muon spectrometer with the world’s highest-intensity pulsed muon beam, which are provided for use by academia and the industry.

● Slow Positron Facility (SPF)This is a facility to research the structure and functionality of materials using the slow positron beam generated by an electron beam from a linear accelerator (linac).

● Compact Energy Recovery Linac (cERL) The energy recovery linac (ERL ) at KEK is highly expected as a next-generation light source accelerator. It will provide a high-brilliant and short pulse X-ray that exceeds current radiation sources. A prototype machine, the compact ERL, is in the process of construction collaborating with researchers from Japan and overseas. The commis-sioning is scheduled to start in the end of the fiscal year 2012.

Organization

Schematic of the compact ERL

AUSTRALIA

BRAZIL

CHINA

FRANCESWITZERLAND

DENMARKGERMANY

ITALY

INDIAJORDAN

KOREA

NEW ZEALAND

RUSSIA

SPAIN

TAIWANTHAILAND

U.K.

U.S.A.

UKRAINE CANADA

Accepting4,000 researchers

per year

CZECH REPUBLIC

Experimental facilities● Photon Factory (PF)

The Photon Factory has two light source accelerators. The PF ring (2.5 GeV ) has been operated since 1982. This is the first dedicated synchrotron light source in Japan, which supply X-rays. Several improvements of accelerator have been made and resulted in high-brilliant light source. The PF-AR (advanced ring ) is a unique light source, that is, high-intensity pulsed synchrotron source which is effective for time resolved experiments. There are 50 experimental stations at PF and PF-AR.

Tsukuba Campus1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan

http:// imss.kek.jp/

● Tsukuba Campus (KEK)Photon Factory

● Tokai Campus (J-PARC)Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility

HIGH ENERGY ACCELERATOR RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, KEK

Institute of Materials Structure Science

Tokai Campus203-1 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan

2012.9

HIGH ENERGY ACCELERATOR RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, KEK