Jo Ann Ratto Click to edit Master title style Packaging ... Pouch (entrée) Outer Layer ... Current...
Transcript of Jo Ann Ratto Click to edit Master title style Packaging ... Pouch (entrée) Outer Layer ... Current...
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Click to edit Master title style
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Jo Ann Ratto
June 26, 2008
Nanotechnology
for Soldier Rations
Packaging for the Military
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OutlineOutlineFood Packaging - Background
Introduction to Military Ration Packaging and Specifications
Nanocomposites in Packaging
Current Nanocomposite Research Efforts
Results to Date
Future of Multilayer Nanocomposites
Questions
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Food PackagingFood Packaging
Expectations for Packaged Food
Taste (Appearance, Texture, Odor)NutritionConvenienceStorage Shelf LifePhysical StructureSafety and Environmental Costs
*J.H. Hotchkiss, Cornell University
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Food PackagingFood PackagingShelf Life
The time it takes a food product to deteriorate to an unacceptable degree under specific storage, processing, and packaging conditions
Modes of Food DeteriorationOxidationMoisture Gain or Loss
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Polymer Barrier PackagingPolymer Barrier Packaging
*M.Stevens – MOCON Webinar Dec 12, 2007
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Polymer Barrier PackagingPolymer Barrier Packaging
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Permeability of Polymer Packaging
Permeability of Polymer Packaging
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Permeability in Polymer Packaging
Permeability in Polymer Packaging
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Introduction to Military Ration Packaging and Specifications
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Military NeedMilitary Need
Military needs an improved ration packaging system that:
Reduces logistical burden on WarfighterEliminates impact on environmentPerfoms comparable to existing packaging
Need to address ration packaging at 3 levelsPrimary packaging
Food preservation and containmentSecondary packaging
MRE containers, sleeves and shippersUnit load
Pallet loads
Sustainable Technologies for Ration Packaging Systems JSN Proposal
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Current Meal,Ready-To-Eat (MRE)Current Meal,Ready-To-Eat (MRE)
PolyolefinAluminum Foil
Polyamide
Polyester
Inner Layer
Outer Layer
Transmission Rates: O2………..0.06 cc/m2/dH2O……...0.01 g/m2/d
Shelf Life: 3 years @ 80 oF6 month @ 100 oF
Retort Pouch (entrée)
Outer Layer
PE or ionomerAluminum Foil
Polyester
Inner Layer
Non-Retort Pouch (cookies,crackers, etc)
LLDPE Meal Bag
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Application to Military Rations
Unitized Group Ration (UGR)
Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE)
Remove Foil Based PackagingIncrease Compatibility with Advanced Food Processes
Eliminate Handling ProblemsImprove Recyclability Reduce Solid Waste
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Military Food Packaging Application Military Food Packaging Application
Objectives:Objectives:Reduce solid waste packagingDevelop high barrier, non-foil material
using nanotechnologyEliminate pinholes, flex cracking problemsImprove barrier propertiesEnhance package survivability Enhance shelf lifeEnhance producibility
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Current Military Food PackagingCurrent Military Food Packaging
Transmission Rates: O2………..0.06 cc/m2/dH2O……...0.01 g/m2/d
Shelf Life: 3 years @ 80 oF6 month @ 100 oF
Processing LimitationsLimitations to Food Processing and Sterilization Techniques
Microwave ProcessingHigh Pressure Pasteurization (Delamination)
Multiple Lamination Steps Needed for PackageLimited Pouch Forming Processes
(Horizontal Form Fill Seal)
Susceptible to Pin-Holes and Stress Induced FracturesPerformance Limitations
Limitations Caused by Foil Barrier Layer in Multilayer Structure
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NSRDEC High Barrier ResearchNSRDEC High Barrier Research
Graphic(s)Coating
Substrate
Graphic(s)Coating
Substrate
Nanocomposites
Layer Multiplying3
Smart Blending2
Barrier Coatings
Oxygen Scavengers1
PVDC Encapsulation
1http://www.cryovac.com/products/food/os1000/os_works.html2http://www.ces.clemson.edu/mmpl/concepts/Tutorial/tutorial.html3Micro-layer Coextrusion for High Barrier Performance Packaging Sheets, Draft Concept Paper, EDI, LLC
Multifunctional High Barrier Packaging
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MRE
MRE Components
MRE Waste
Nanocomposites for MilitaryFood Packaging
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Nanocomposites in Packaging
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Reduction of Solid Waste Associated with
Military Rations and Packaging
• Objective - Develop recyclable or biodegradable nanocomposite films with exceptional barrier properties to replace the Meals Ready to Eat (MRE) packaging components and reduce military ration waste.
• Approach - Utilize blown film/cast film extrusion processes to produce nanocomposite films and explore melt processing conditions (screw speed, residence time, feed rate, and temperature) that influence nanocomposite properties.
• Analysis - Characterize the samples for thermal, mechanical and barrier properties and compare to military specifications.
This research supports Natick’s mission to improve materials used by the soldier, with applications in the areas of packaging. This also supports the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP)
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Polymers StudiedPolymers Studied
Ethylene Co-vinyl Alcohol (EVOH)Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)Nylon 6Polylactic Acid (PLA)Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)LDPE/EVOH coextrusion
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Why Nanocomposites?Why Nanocomposites?
22--8 wt % layered8 wt % layeredsilicate reinforcementssilicate reinforcementsCommodity PolymersCommodity Polymers ++
Enhanced Thermal Properties
Single-Step Processing
Enhanced MechanicalProperties
Light-weight
NANOCOMPOSITES
Enhanced Barrier Properties
Melt Processing
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Montmorillonite Layered Silicate (MLS)
Montmorillonite Layered Silicate (MLS)
Silica Sheets Alumina Sheet
Thickness ~ 1nm
Length ~ 70 – 150nm
High Surface Area (750m²/g) and Aspect Ratio (>50)
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Layered Clay
Polymer
Non-interaction
ExfoliatedNanocomposite
IntercalatedNanocomposite
Nanocomposite MorphologyNanocomposite Morphology
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How do NanocompositesImprove Barrier Properties?
How do NanocompositesImprove Barrier Properties?
Path of Gas Molecule
MLS
Polymer Chains
Permeation of gas molecule through nanocomposite structure
“Tortuous Pathway Model – Exfoliated Nanocomposite”
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Current Research
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Nanocomposite Meal BagNanocomposite Meal Bag
Current MRE Meal Bag
Neat Low-Density Polyethylene Film
Nanocomposite Low-Density Polyethylene
Film Film Thickness 11-mil 6-mil 6-mil
Oxygen Transmission Rate
(cc-mil/m²-day)
8264 9097 3703
Young’s Modulus (MPa)
127 93 186
Onset of Thermal Degradation (°C)
351 370 450
Insect Infestation Test (Pass/Fail)
Pass Fail Pass
MRE Specification for Retort Pouch Transmission Rates: O2 0.06 cc/m2/d
H2O 0.01 g/m2/dPossible Structure for Meal Bag:
LDPE-Tie layer- Nylon-Tie Layer-LDPE (11 mil) O2 0.97 cc/m2/d -60%RHSustainable Technologies for Ration Packaging Systems JSN Proposal
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Non-retort and Retort Pouch
Non-retort and Retort Pouch
Multilayer Packaging Concept
Water Vapor Barrier
Water Vapor Barrier
Oxygen Barrier
Water Vapor Barrier: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
Tie Layers: Modic-AP (Modified Polyolefin – Mitsubishi)
Oxygen Barrier: Imperm (Nanocomposite MXD6)
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Nylon MXD6 Oxygen Barrier
Nylon MXD6 Oxygen Barrier
IMPERM™ - MXD6/Clay Nanocomposite from Nanocor/Mitsubishi
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Co-extrusion of Multilayer Nylon Films Laboratory Scale Processing
Co-extrusion of Multilayer Nylon Films Laboratory Scale Processing
5-Layer Film
• Collin Teach-Line Multi-Layer Extrusion System Using Feed-block Design
• 5 Layer Capability: 3 Materials
LDPETie Layer
Nylon LayerTie Layer
LDPE
Moisture Barrier
Moisture Barrier
Oxygen Barrier
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Microspcopy Images of Co-Extruded 5-Layer Imperm Films
Microspcopy Images of Co-Extruded 5-Layer Imperm Films
Imperm Layer Stained with Iodine Thickness Measurements in Microns
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Pilot-Scale ProcessingPilot-Scale Processing
Pliant Corporation – Chippewa Falls Wisconsin
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Oxygen Barrier of Pilot-Scale Multilayer Films
Oxygen Barrier of Pilot-Scale Multilayer Films
0
2
4
6
8
10
Neat MXD6 - 2.45mil Imperm - 2.35mil Imperm - 2.90mil
OP
R (c
c/m
2-da
y)
0%RH60%RH90%RH
MRE Limit
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Water Vapor Barrier of Pilot-Scale Multilayer Films
Water Vapor Barrier of Pilot-Scale Multilayer Films
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Neat MXD6 - 2.45mil Imperm - 2.35mil Imperm - 2.90mil
WvP
R (g
/m2-
day)
MRE Limit
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Current and Future Applications for Multilayer Nanocomposites
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Future of Multi-layer Nanocomposites
Future of Multi-layer Nanocomposites
M.Meador – NASA Glenn Research Center
COPV: Containerized Over-wrapped Pressure Vehicles
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Future of Multi-layer Nanocomposites
Future of Multi-layer Nanocomposites
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Current Uses of NanocompositesCurrent Uses of Nanocomposites
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Current Uses of NanocompositesCurrent Uses of Nanocomposites
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NSRDEC’s FacilityNSRDEC’s Facility
NSRDEC Polymer Film Center of Excellence
5-Layer Blown Film Co-Extrusion 9-Layer Cast Film Co-Extrusion
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsNSRDEC – Danielle Froio, Sarah Schirmer, Jeanne Lucciarini, Christopher ThellenDoD Environmental Programs: U.S. Army Solid
Waste Reduction, SERDP, EQBRUML Plastics Engineering FacultyPliant Corporation – Doug Lilac, Brad FinniganCornell University – J. HotchkissMOCON – Michelle StevensAir Products – Charles HegedusEVALCA – Gary Woodall, Edgar Chow, Gene MedlockNanocor – Tie LanNASA – Micheal MeadorZYVEX – Lance Criscuolo