Mainstreaming climate change in International Waters

projects

1st Asia Pacific Regional Targeted Workshop for GEF IW ProjectsBangkok, Thailand

27 – 28 September 2012

Jerker Tamelander, UNEP

Why this session?

• Commitment to improve standardization and harmonization of GEF methodological approaches

• Recognized need to mainstream climate impacts in GEF IW projects

• GEF IW projects have unique requirements; how can existing resources and guidance as well as ongoing project activities and approaches be leveraged?

• IW Learn output: Methodology/guidance to address climatic vulnerability & change impacts in shared water bodies

Vulnerability

Social-ecological vulnerability

What is climate change mainstreaming?

Mainstreaming climate change is the iterative process of integrating considerations of climate change (impacts, vulnerability, adaptation) into existing processes and decision cycles. It requires a continuous effort and entails working with a range of actors.

10 Tools and Guidelines to Mainstream Climate Change Adaptation –A Stocktaking Report

At the project level, in the lower part of Figure 1, the numbers in the orange ovals thus refer back to the numbered list of key mainstreaming components in the upper centre part of the figure. The project level entry points are depicted in the squares, with the block arrows indicating corresponding key adaptation actions.

Figure 1 supports the notion from above that mainstreaming is most appropriately viewed as a continuous process and implies many inter-linkages between the cycles as well as mainstreaming ef forts at the national, sectoral, and project levels. Figure 1 also illustrates that the types of adaptation actions and associated analyses required to support mainstreaming at the project level will dif fer from the types of adaptation actions and analysis required at the sectoral and national levels. However, as the generic list of key mainstreaming components illustrate, we ar gue that the main differences lie in the specifics – in terms of scope, approach and/or analysis, (including choice of indictors and level of analysis detail) – rather than in the basics of mainstreaming. We discuss this in more detail below, where we go through the key mainstreaming components and adaptation actions of the block arrows in Figure 1.

Let us begin by taking a closer look at Figure 1. The very first adaptation action introduced in the top block arrow is to ensure that climate risks are recognized in the formulation of national and sectoral strategies and policies. In order for climate risks to be recognized in the policy formulation stage at the national and sectoral levels, as well as

Sector programming

Sector level developmentplans and budgets

Project Level

Sectoral budget envelope

Additional resources for

adaptation (from fund)

National budget

Fund for adaptation

Sectoral planMulti-year development

plan

Sectoral strategies and policies

National long-term visions

National short- to

medium-term policies

Sectoral Level Adaptation Actions and Mainstreaming ComponentsNational Level

Monitor and evaluateimplementation of adaptationmeasures within projec ts

New projects: Implement selec tedadaptation optionsOngoing projec ts: carry outinterventions of previous stages thenimplement adaptation options

ProgrammingImplementation

Resource Allocation

Planning

Policy Formulation

Policy CycleStage

1. Awareness raising2. Pre-screening of climate

risks and vulnerabilities 3. Detailed climate risk

assessment

6. Implementation of adaptation options,

incl. budget allocations

7. M&E

Relocate funding to mor evulnerable sec tors/regionsAllocate funding f or adaptation-speci c activities

Make room for cross- sectoralactivitiesClaim resources from the adaptation fund

Add climate considerations to criteria f or assessing projec t proposalsIncorporate top-down adaptation ac tivities identi ed during the sectoral planning stage

Include recognition of climate risksApply a climate lens

Include recognition of climate risk sApply a climate lens

Apply a climate lens Apply a climate lens

4. Identi cation of adaptation options

5. Prioritization and selec tion

Include adaptation-speci c programmes/projec ts

Include cross- sectoral and sector top-down adaptation ac tivities

Undertake in-depth climate riskassessments

Identify adaptation options

Prioritize and selec t adaptation options

Assess potential climate risk sand e ects on vulnerability

4

5

6

3

7

1

2

Detaileddesign

Implement-ation

Monitoring&

EvaluationProject

appraisal

Projectidenti cation

Figure 1: Illustration of key mainstreaming entry points and components in the policy and project cycles.

Note: The figure draws on information from figures 7.2, 8.2, and 9.2 in OECD (2009).

1. Awareness raising

2. Pre-screening of climate risks and vulnerabilities

3. Detailed climate risk assessment

4. Identification of adaptation options

5. Prioritization and selection

6. Implementation of adaptation options

7. Monitoring and Evaluation

Requirements

• Climate information: - existing and new monitoring and assessment data; - modeling; - attention to coverage, resolution, quality; understanding uncertainties

• Socio-economic analyses of linkages between climate change, vulnerability, adaptation and development;

• Assessments of costs and benefits of climate change adaptation activities;

• Engagement of a broad range of stakeholders at all levels;

• A combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches;

• Capacity building and institutional strengthening;

• Existence and provision of technical support;

• Availability of resources.

Existing guidance

• Stocktaking report 2010

• Climate change risk screening tools, risk analysis and assessment

• Guidance documents, manuals climate proofing and climate risk management, DRR

• Systematic portfolio screenings

Climate ProofA Reference Tool to Coastal Climate Change in the Context of Mangroves for the Future

A pre-publication version approved by the MFF Secretariat,October 2010

WB: Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources Management Project http://climatechange.worldbank.org/

IW CC Mainstreaming Workshop

• “... to come up with concrete ways to incorporate CC considerations into SAP and/or IWRM planning processes…”

• “… to develop indicators that help measuring the adaptation benefits to be realised through project implementation.”

⇒ A set of indicators agreed that track progress of CC mainstreaming into strategic planning at the project/basin level and the portfolio/regional level;

⇒ A compendium of useful resource material.

MainstreamingClimateChangein International Water ProjectsImplementationWorkshop

WorkshopProceedings

03 05 March 2009Kievits Kroon Country EstatePretoria, South Africa

Topics for discussion

• Is there a common understanding of what climate change mainstreaming is about; is there sufficient common terminology ?

• Is there common understanding of linked issues to consider, e.g. DRR?

• What experiences are there among IW projects, what has been done, at what stage, and using what methods (existing tool, ad hoc approaches…)?

• What are the unique needs of IW projects? Is IW-specific guidance needed; general principles and broad concepts or detailed guidelines?

• What issues requires particular attention in guidance to IW projects? E.g. stages of project cycle, defining common indicators, quality standards…

• What process is needed to develop and roll out CC mainstreaming guidance in the IW portfolio? Challenges for new and existing projects.

• Piloting, building capacity, collaboration across projects, twinning.