Jane Remme, Lucia Rost, Thalia Kidder December 2014 Household Care Survey discussion on Data...

Jane Remme, Lucia Rost, Thalia Kidder December 2014

Household Care Survey

discussion on Data Analysis

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Some of the WE-Care team from Oxfam House

Thalia Kidder Lucia RostJane Remme

Objectives of today’s WebinarThis webinar is designed as a discussion of options.

We encourage your feedback

We aim to: •Review the main research questions to be answered by data analysis of the first quantitative household survey •Propose a standard set of analyses in each project and offer a several standard tables to present the findings:

1. Household characteristics

2. Time use

3. Gender and age inequality

4. Norms and perceptions

5. Factors influencing heavy & unequal care •Outline more analyses to be done ‘centrally’ in Oxford•Discuss, comment, modify...

(dis)enabling conditions for women

Heavy and Unequal Care

responsibilities

The Host Programme

WE-Care & the HCS (1)

The (first) role of Household Care Survey – documenting existing patterns of (heavy and unequal) care, and the (dis)enabling conditions for women in this area

(dis)enabling conditions


responsibilities

WE-Care & the HCS (2)

Household Care Survey: the second role is rigorous evidence, to influence the design of the WE-Care interventions, complements the ‘problem statement’ and ‘options’ from RCA

RCA

How will change happen in care patterns?

The 4 Rs

• Recognition of care work

• Reducing arduous and difficult care tasks/ hours of work

• Redistributing care – in the household, and to the state (and employers)

• Representation of carers in decision-making

(dis)enabling conditions


responsibilities

WE-Care & the HCS - Summary

The HCSdocuments the problem &existing conditions

RCA(Positive)Change in

care patterns

Change in (host)

program outcomes

Evidence for future advocacy

The HCSEvidence of probleminfluences the designof interventions

The HCSmonitors change, progresstowards our vision on care

The HCSgathers evidence on what works

What are indicators of positive (negative) change (1)

• Number of total hours spent on care work for women/families• Positive: Reduced number of total hours spent on care tasks for women, girls,

families

• Negative: Increased number of total hours spent on care tasks for women, girls, families

• Gender distribution of household care work• Positive: Increased % of care work done by men and boys

• Negative: Increased % of care work done by girls, older/other women in households

• Attitudes towards care and gender roles• Positive: Increased recognition and value given to care work / Men’s

contribution to care work is promoted and valued

• Negative: Increased VAW/GBV / Women who do less care work are criticised / Men who do more care work are criticised

What are indicators of positive (negative) change (2)

• Investments in time- and labour-saving equipment• Positive: Increased purchased by families (men’s income) of care services (e.g.

already ground flour) • Negative: Increase in poor nutrition and poor care (e.g. pot noodles, less nutritious

meals)

• Presence/access to state services• Positive: Increased access to and use of state infrastructure (e.g. closer clinics,

water and energy) / Increased state and employer services (e.g. childcare, healthcare)

• Negative: Reduction in access to and use of state infrastructure / Reduction in state and employer services

GAPS IDENTIFIED in research model, so far:• Gender-based violence, criticism, abuse against women for doing less care work, or

men doing more care work. • Influence of group membership

Your Questions:If you have questions or comments – please type them in!

Standard tables – prioritising certain analyses & findings

Main research questions:The baseline: • Who are the families/households being surveyed? • What is the demand for care?

(current patterns of care work)• How heavy are work hours, how heavy is care work? • How unequal is care work?

• What equipment, infrastructure, services are accessible?• What are the norms and perceptions about care work?

The regressions to inform interventions:• What factors are correlated with heavy and unequal care work?

Or with less-heavy and more-equal patterns?

Household characteristics(1a)

Family characteristics (101-107 women)

•Average number of household members

•Average age of male and female respondents

•Three most common types of employment and percentages

•Average level of education of respondents, male and female

•Religion, and percentages of respondents (male and female)

Households’ economic status (301-308, 310-313 women)

•Percentage of household owning 4-5 key assets (tbd locally)

•Percentage of women with independent income

•Percentage of women with independent savings

•Assets used to determine wealth categories for households surveyed

Household characteristics(1b) Wealth categories: (301-308 women)

How much does household economic status explain differences in care patterns?

1.Local knowledge determines which assets are characteristic of households in each quintile (quartile?);

Food security surveys have asset-lists to identify households at risk of food insecurity

Take list of assets in survey and put assets in relative wealth groups: top: motorcycle, house made of brick, television, over xx animals; next: house with zinc roof, yy animals; etc

2.Identify/label respondent-households by quintile/quartile

3.Regression analysis with wealth and hours, wealth and gender distribution of care responsibility

Analysis also on hours of care work, and whether women report an independent income, independent savings, decision-making power over more than 50% of her own income.

Household characteristics(1c)

Demand for care (101-105,107 women)•Average number of children (under 15) in the household •Infants. Percentage of households with children under 3. Average number of infants in households with infants. •Elderly. Percentage of households with an elderly member. Average number of elderly members in the households with elderly.•Disabled and chronically ill. Percentage of households with a disabled or chronically ill member. Average number of permanently disabled or chronically ill in the household •Average of estimated demand for care – proxy indicator - the total sum of the responses to question 108

Time constraints and care work (gaps in capacity to care)•Percentage of households answering “once”, or “more than once” (to questions 701-707 women).

Household characteristics (1d)

Demand for care - proxy indicator (108 women)‘Level of care received’: none, minimum, significant, or full-time care. Other researchers’ proxy indicators on ‘demand for care’ only based on age:

Example: 1= all under 3, over 70; 0.5= 3-15, 60-70 yrs

This monitors changes in care by type of h’hold member

HCS proxy indicator captures less visible care needs – disabled and ill adults, and also reported level of care received by healthy adults, older girls. Monitor changes in level of care that adults require from carers.

Possible examples:

a) 68 yr grandma=1; infant= 3; teenager, husband, disabled adult= 2, wife=0. Total household care demand: 8

b) 62 yr grandma=2; infant=3;teenager =3 and husband = 2, disabled adult=1, wife=0. Total household care demand: 11

Your Questions:If you have ideas, comments or questions now –

please type them in!

Time use (2a) (How heavy is work?)

1. All male respondents, and all female respondents (men 201-204; women 401-404)

2. No. of hours women and men spend on different categories of activities - means and standard deviation

a) Work hours: Care work = 11-21; Productive/paid work = 04-10

b) Non-work hours: 00-03 and 22-25

Primary Activity Secondary ActivityWomen Men Total Women Men Total

Total WORK hours

Total WORK hours

Care work Care work Productive/

Paid Work Productive/ Paid Work

Non-work : Sleep, personal, school, recreation/social

Non-work : Sleep, personal, recreation/social / school

Total hours – primary activity 24 24 48

Time use (2b) (How heavy is Care Work?)

• No of hours male/female respondents spend on different categories of care work – means and standard deviation (men 201-204; women 401-404)

Primary activity Secondary activityWomen Men Total Women Men Total

Total CARE WORK hours

Total CARE WORK hours

Clothes – washing, drying, mending

Clothes – washing, drying, mending

Cooking Cooking

Food and drink prep Food and drink prep

[Grinding grain] [Grinding grain]

Cleaning Cleaning

Fuel Collection Fuel Collection

Water collection/ management

Water collection/ management

Child care Child care

Dependent adult care

Dependent adult care

Disabled care Disabled care

Community care Community care

Other…. Other….

TOTAL HOURS

Time use (2c) (How intense is care work?)• No of hours in which women and men do care activities also counting all

simultaneous activities – means and standard deviation (men 201-204; women 401-404)

Care work

Women MenTotal both respondents

Total hours care as primary activity

Total hours care as secondary activity

Hours, supervision of children

Hours, supervision of dependent adults

TOTAL CARE WORK HOURS (including simultaneous)

Time use (2d) (How heavy is (Care) Work by age?)

• Then by age group of respondent (under 30, 30-40, 40-50, 50+) (men 201-204; women 401-404)

• Each programme to choose other disaggregationsPrimary Activity WOMEN Primary Activity MEN

Women <30

Women30-40

Women 40-50 etc

Women 50+

Men < 30

Men 30-40

Men 40-50

Men 50+

Total WORK hours

Care work Productive/

Paid Work

Non-work : Sleep, personal, school, recreation/social

Total hours – primary activity 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 Total Care Hours secondary activity

Total Supervision Hours

Your Questions:An opportunity for more ideas, comments or questions –

please type them in!

Gender & age inequality (3)(How unequal is care work?) Question 211-212 (men) and 411-412 (women) Means of ‘active’ participants defined as doing a task once/day or more

except “washing clothes”, “care in community” = at least once/weekWomen’s responses - means Men’s responses - means

SELF Man Dau SonOther carer SELF Woman Dau Son

Other carer

Total reported CARE WORK hours 9.58 XXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXX

Total reported CARE WORK hours 2.11 XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX

(WEEK) Clothes washing, drying .94

.12

Cooking .88 .14 .42 .18 .39 .11 .92 .45 .13 .28

Food and drink prep

.27

Grinding grain

.04

Cleaning .19

Fuel Collection

.23

Water collection

.31

Child care .49

Dependent adult

.14

Disabled care

PER WEEK Community care

Norms and perceptions(4) (What are attitudes about (Care) Work, men’s and women’s roles?)

Section 400s for men, and 600s for women

All men’s and all women’s responses; percentages, and disaggregated by age group.

1.401/601 ‘Who makes most significant contribution to well-being?’

2.406/606 – percent responses to ‘If [woman] had less time on care, she would…’

3.Percentage of respondents answering ‘yes’ to 407/607 ‘Do you consider this activity work’ and 408/608 ‘does it require skills’.

4.Percentage of respondents on each response for 410/610 ‘Who should be responsible for performing these activities’

5.414/614 – ‘Most problematic care activity’

6.415/615 to 418/618 – percentages of respondents who Agree+Strongly Agree; and those who Disagree+Strongly Disagree

Factors influencing time needs for care (5)

(what factors relate to lower/higher hours of care?) Table on access/presence of equipment and services; Cross-tabulation with common time- and labor-saving

equipment: improved stoves, water systems, health, mill etc Use women responses: hours on task (primary+secondary);

Care work and equipment/servicesWomen’s hours in Households with equipment/service

Women’s hours in HH with some access to equipment/services

Women’s hours in households without equipment/service

test – statistical significance

Improved Stove –

Hours of Fuel Collection

XXXXXXXXXXXXX

Improved Stove –

hours of Cooking

XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Water – hours on

Washing clothes

Water inside house

Water tap close by (under 200 metres?)

Water source more than 200 metres

Water –hours on Cleaning

(same as above) (same as above) (same as above)

Water – hours on dependent care

Electricity - hours on

food prepare

House has electricity

Electrical grinding mill in village

No electricity in village

Health care – hours on dependent care

xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Clinic/nurse in community

No clinic/nurse in community

Childcare facility - hours on childcare + supervision hours

(paid domestic worker)

Childcare centre in community

No childcare facility available

Testing differences - many options

Is there a statistically significant difference between:

-The number of oldest sons who are reported as ‘active participants’ in care tasks versus oldest daughters reported as ‘active participants’?

-The average hours of care work for women with less than two years of education and for women who finish primary school?

-The average hours of care work of men of certain religion and other men?

- The average hours of care work for women with higher and lower incomes earned.

- The hours men report on care tasks depending on their perceptions and attitudes about care work.

Your Questions:

PLEASE EMAILYOUR IDEAS for FURTHER DISCUSSION

Be part of the discussion…http://growsellthrive.org/group/we-care-programme-team www.oxfam.org.uk/care

Jane Remme, Lucia Rost, Thalia Kidder December 2014 Household Care Survey discussion on Data...

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Transcript of Jane Remme, Lucia Rost, Thalia Kidder December 2014 Household Care Survey discussion on Data...