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Lecture 7:

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Skeletal OrganizationA.The axial skeleton

B.The appendicular skeleton

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7 - 4Skull A.The skull is made up of 22 bones, including 8 cranial bones, 13 facial bones, and the mandible.7 - 5

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Cranial BonesParietal bonesOccipital boneTemporal bones(one on each side)Mastoid processStyloid processExternal occipitalcrestSagittal sutureLambdoid sutureSquamous sutureExternal occipital protuberanceMandiblePosterior view of the skullFigure 7.32 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Petrous part ofthe temporalboneSquamoussutureLambdoidsutureInternalacousticmeatusOccipitalboneParietalboneTemporalboneHypoglossal canalFrontal sinusMaxillaMandibleStyloidprocessNasal boneEthmoidVomerPalatineboneSphenoidFrontalboneCoronalsutureSphenoidalsinus (right)HypophysealfossaSagittal section of the skullFigure 7.42 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Mandibular fossaZygomaticboneFrontalbonePalatineboneMaxillaVomerSphenoidZygomatic archStyloid processTemporal boneOccipital condylesLambdoid sutureInferior and superiornuchal linesExternal occipital crestForaminaForamen lacerumForamen ovaleCarotid canalJugular foramenStylomastoid foramenForamen magnumInferior view of the skullFigure 7.51Occipitalbone 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Frontal boneEthmoidSphenoidTemporal boneCarotid canalParietal boneOccipital boneNasal bonesCrista galliCribriform plateSella turcicaOptic canalForamen rotundumForamen ovaleForamen lacerumForamen spinosumInternalacoustic meatusJugular foramenHypoglossal canalInternal occipital crestForamenmagnumCranial cavity floor (superior view)Figure 7.52 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.7 - 12

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Superior articularprocessesArticular facetInferior articularprocessesArticular facets and processesFigure 7.105 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.7 - 17

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Appendicular Skeleton10 Minute breakAppendicular skeleton - Pectoral Girdle, upper limbs- Pelvic Girdle, lower limbs Pectoral Girdle A.The pectoral girdle makes an incomplete ring that supports the upper limbs.B.It is made up of two scapulae and two clavicles.

Superior and inferior views of the clavicleFigure 7.152Superior viewof right clavicleLATERALAcromial endLATERALInferior viewof right clavicleMEDIALMEDIALConoidtubercleCostaltuberositySternalend 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Features of the scapulaFigure 7.1535AcromionCoracoidprocessSuperiorborderSuperiorangleMedialborderLateral angleLateralborderInferiorangleSubscapular fossaAnterior viewof right scapulaScapular spineSupraspinousfossaInfraspinousfossa Posterior viewof right scapulaAcromionCoracoid processGlenoidcavityAcromionLateralviewof rightscapula 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Limb A.Bones of the upper limb form the framework for the arm, forearm, and hand.

Pelvic Girdle A.The pelvic girdle consists of the two coxal bones and the sacrum; it supports the trunk of the body on the lower limbs.B.The pelvic girdle supports and protects the lower abdominal and pelvic organs.

Lower Limb A.The bones of the lower limb provide the framework for the thigh, lower leg, and foot.

Features of the patellaFigure 7.203Baseof patellaAttachmentarea forquadricepstendonLateral facet,for lateralcondyleof femurMedial facet,for medial condyleof femurAttachment areafor the patellarligament, whichattaches thepatella to the tibiaArticular surfaceof patellaApexof patellaAnterior viewPosterior view 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lateral view of the footFigure 7.212Lateral viewLateral surfaceof the trochleaCuboidboneNavicularboneCuneiformbonesMetatarsalbones (IV)PhalangesLateralviewCalcaneal tendon Lateral viewVIVIIIIII 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.7 - 43

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