Jacksonian Democracy “…the humble members of society – the farmer, mechanics, and...
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Transcript of Jacksonian Democracy “…the humble members of society – the farmer, mechanics, and...
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Jacksonian Jacksonian DemocracyDemocracy
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•“…the humble members of society – the farmer, mechanics, and laborers…have a right to complain of the injustice of their government. A.Jackson’s Inaugural
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Democracy grows•Becoming respectable•Electing people like THEM•Universal white manhood suffrage
•Caucuses vs. Conventions•Involvement
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Concerns of the people
•The Bank•Currency•Slavery•“era of good feelings” short lived!
•Sectionalism v. Nationalism
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Election of 1824All Dem-
Republicans1. Andrew Jackson
… Tenn.• Hero of New
Orleans• Ran against
“King Caucus”• Self-made man• 99 electoral
college votes
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2. Henry Clay• “Harry of the
West”• “The Great
Compromiser”• Speaker of the
H of Reps• American
System• 37 electoral
College votes
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3. John Q. Adams• Northeast• Nationalist • Sec. Of State• Educated, much
experience• “cold fish”84 electoral votes
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4. William Crawford …GAIll, states’ rts/strict const.41 electoral votes
No clear majority (133).12th Amendment says … top 3 vote getters go to House of Reps.
VP is John C. CalhounThe “Corrupt Bargain”
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John Quincy Adams #6
•Serious nationalist•No political skills•Sided with Cherokees•1828 Tariff of Abominations•1828 election loses to AJ•Runs for House of Reps
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Andrew Jackson #7
• “Old Hickory”• “Let the people rule”• “from the snobs to the
mobs” “Hickoryites”• Growing power of west• True “anti-federalist”
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Leader of King Mob•Wanted government to be “that simple machine the constitution created.”
•“to the victors go the spoils•“well greased political machine”
•“Kitchen Cabinet”
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The Moneyed MonsterTolerated it until•1832 vs Clay as Nat. Rep•Bank re-charter 4 years early•Nicholas Biddle•To veto or not to veto•“The bank is killing me!”
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Results …•“pet” banks•No regulation•Specie Circular•West is cash starved•Clay loses big time
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Tariffs and Tariffs and SectionalismSectionalism
1828 Tariff of Abominations•SC flags at half-mast•“The South Carolina Exposition” Calhoun
•Call for states’ rights•False alarm
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Webster-Haynes Debates•1830•“People not states had framed the constitution”
•Courts not states last word•“Liberty AND Union now and forever, one and inseparable.”
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The gauntlet thrown 1830•Jackson “Our Union, it must be preserved.”
•Calhoun “The Union – next to our liberty, the most dear.”
•Calhoun resigns comes back as Senator
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Nullification Crisis•Tariff of 1832•SC’s special convention•“null and void”•Force Bill•Clay’s Tariff of 1833•Calhoun “First President of Southern Confederacy”
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The Indians•5 Civilized Tribes … Creeks, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokees, Seminoles
•GA, gold, Supreme Court “Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!”
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Indian Removal Act of 1830•Indian Territory•100,000 •Land bought for $9 mil but charged $6 mil to move
•Trail of Tears … 1/3 die
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Seminole Wars (1835-42)•Osceola•Guerrilla warfare•$$$$•Flag of truce ignored•4/5 head to Oklahoma•300 head to swamps
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Martin Van Buren #8• 1836 Dem. Van
Buren vs. Whigs (3, Why?)
• “a first class second rate man” but handpicked
• 1837 economic slump
• “Van Ruin” blamed but not his fault …
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William Henry Harrison #9
• 1840 election of public relations … slogans and “supposed appearances” Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!
• Whigs … Harrison vs. Dem. Van Buren (Ruin)
• Whigs’ hope to bring back nationalistic ideas dies with Harrison.
• Tyler #10 will disappoint