Jacksonian Democracy - National Paralegal
Transcript of Jacksonian Democracy - National Paralegal
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The American NationA History of the United States, 15th Edition
By: Mark C. Carnes • John A. Garraty
Chapter10Jacksonian
Democracy
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10.1 Jackson’s New Political System (1 of 4)
How did Andrew Jackson bring “the common man”
into national politics?
Jackson’s 1829 inauguration spectacle
Democracy or mob rule?
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Portrait of Andrew Jackson: Color
portrait shows Andrew
Jackson.
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Map 10.1 The Rise of the
Second American Party System, 1828
An electoral map of the United States shows the votes secured in the states by Jacksonian Democratic (Jackson) and National
Republican (J. Q. Adams). National totals are not provided.
The following are the votes secured:
•Jacksonian Democratic (Jackson):
•Maine 1
•New York 20
•Pennsylvania 28
•Maryland 5
•Virginia 24
•North Carolina 15
•South Carolina 11
•Georgia 9
•Ohio 16
•Indiana 5
•Illinois 3
•Missouri 3
•Kentucky 14
•Tennessee 11
•Alabama 5
•Missouri 3
•Louisiana 5
•National Republican (J. Q. Adams):
•Maine 8
•New Hampshire 8
•Vermont 7
•Massachusetts 15
•Rhode Island 4
•Connecticut 8
•New York 16
•New Jersey 8
•Delaware 3
•Maryland 6
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10.1 Jackson’s New Political System (2 of 4)
• “Democratizing” Politics
Jefferson’s vs. Jackson’s view of democracy
Property qualifications and western states
Disestablishment of churches
Free-school movement
The rising significance of the vote and campaigning
The power of political parties
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10.1 Jackson’s New Political System (3 of 4)
• A New Party System in Embryo
Jackson’s feeling of betrayal and campaign for 1828
Character assassinations and higher voter turnout
• Jacksonian Appeal
Jackson: Likened to Jefferson, resembled
Washington
His image vs. reality
His symbolism for a democratic generation
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10.1 Jackson’s New Political System (4 of 4)
• The Spoils System
The principle of rotation
More participation, less entrenchment
• A President of All of the People
A president as the people’s “direct representative”
Jackson’s use of the veto
Jackson’s view on the federal government
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Cartoon of Andrew Jackson as “King Andrew the First”: Color political
cartoon shows Jackson in regal costume, standing before a throne. The frames
read “OF VETO MEMORY,” “BORN TO COMMAND,” and “HAD I BEEN
CONSULTED.”
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10.2 Jackson “Kills the Bank!” and
Chills the Economy (1 of 2)
Why did Jackson wage war on the Second Bank of
the United States?
Jackson’s reelection in 1832 and the promise to
destroy the Bank
•Jackson: “The Bank . . . I Will Kill It!”
Biddle’s bank vision: Controlling credit and reserves
Fostered regional jealousies
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10.2 Jackson “Kills the Bank!” and
Chills the Economy (2 of 2)
• Jackson’s Bank Veto
Solidification of opposition to the bank
Biddle’s gamble; Clay and Webster’s hope
Bank of the United States contracts; panic averted
• Boom and Bust
Expansion of currency and rising land prices
Jackson’s Specie Circular
Price drops, defaults, and a panic
Jackson’s responsibility and other factors
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10.3 Jackson Expels the Indians (1 of 2)
Why were Indian treaty rights ignored and Indian
lands seized?
Jackson’s view on Indians: Savages, not “common
men”
•The Exchange of Land
Removal policy for the sake of white settlement
Tribal resistance and military suppression
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10.3 Jackson Expels the Indians (2 of 2)
• The Cherokee, the Supreme Court, and the Trail
of Tears to the West
Cherokee assimilation
Georgia’s nullification of Cherokee law and
government
Marshall’s rule in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia: “not a
foreign state”
Worcester v. Georgia: Cherokee autonomy confirmed
Jackson’s defiance
Forced removal of 15,000 Cherokee: Trail of Tears
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Map 10.2 Indian Removals
Map of the Southeast United States shows Indian tribes’ home territories, Land granted to Indians west of the
Mississippi River, date and route of removal in 1830, and Buffalo range.
Indian tribes’ home territories: Sauk and Fox, located east of Iowa territory, Chickasaw and Choctaw
(Mississippi), Cherokee and Creek (Georgia), and Seminole (Florida)
Land granted to Indians west of the Mississippi River: The land adjoining Nebraska and Iowa territories and
small pieces of land down south up to North Texas are marked. It includes the following settlements: Sauk and
Fox, Kickapoo, Wea and Piankasha, Peoria and Kaskaskia, Miami, New York Indians, Cherokee Neutral lands,
Quapaw, Seneca, Cherokee Outlet, Creek and Seminole, and Chickasaw and Choctaw.
Date and route of removal: Sauk and Fox were transported southwest. In 1836, Creek tribes were transported
northwest crossing south Tennessee and Arkansas.
In 1838, Cherokee tribes were transported northwest crossing north Tennessee.
In 1832, Chickasaw tribes were transported east to Indian Territory.
In the same year, Seminole Indians were transported across the Gulf of Mexico to reach New Orleans in
Louisiana, and then Indian Territory.
Buffalo range: Western Iowa Territory, Nebraska Territory, Kansas Territory, and region northwest of Texas are
marked.
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Map 10.3 Osceola’s Rebellion
Map of Florida and southern Georgia highlights the forts, battle sites,
Seminole reservation 1823, swamps, and towns.
Forts:
Fort Negro, Fort Jackson, Fort Macomb, Fort White, Fort Fanning,
Fort Wacahoota, Fort Heilman, Fort Peyton, Fort Drane, Fort Mellon,
Fort Lane, Fort Christmas, Fort Taylor, Fort Pierce, Fort Floyd, Fort
Brooke, Fort Denaud, Fort Dulaney, Fort Keats, Fort Lauderdale, and
Fort Dallas are marked in Florida.
Fort king, Fort Dade, Fort Cummings, Fort Gardner, and Fort Foster
are marked in Seminole reservation.
The following are the battle sites marked:
Camp Izard, Clinch’s, and Dade’s (Seminole reservation)
Kanapaha Prairie, Okeechobee, Lockahatchee, and Chakalka’s Island
(Florida)
A large swath of land in the center of Florida is marked Seminole
reservation 1823.
Western Georgia and southern Florida are marked swamps.
Towns:
Tallahassee, St. Marks, Suwanee Old Town, Jacksonville, St.
Augustine, Picolata, Palatka, Miconopy, and Payne’s Landing
(Georgia)
Okihumpky and Peliklakaha (Seminole reservation)
Charlotte Harbor (Florida)
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Illustration from Davy Crockett’s Almanack: Black-and-
white illustration shows the cover of the book Vol I, Go
Ahead, Davy Crockett's ALMANACK OF WILD SPORTS IN
THE WEST, Life in the Backwoods, Sketches of Texas, and
Rows on the Mississippi. An image shows Crockett hitting a
crocodile with a long stick. It is attacking a cattle.
American Lives: Davy Crockett
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10.4 States’ Rights versus the Federal Union (1 of 2)
Can states reject federal laws?
Jackson’s implicit support for Georgia and the
legitimacy of nullification
Jackson’s nationalism
•Jackson vs. Calhoun
Personal animosity, ideological parallels
Disagreement on federal supremacy
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10.4 States’ Rights versus the Federal Union (2 of 2)
• The Nullification Crisis and the Threat to the
Union
South Carolina planters and the Tariff of 1832
Tariff and antislavery: “tyranny of the majority”
Calhoun’s doctrine of nullification
Military standoff
Congressional compromise and the Force Bill
South Carolina’s retreat
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10.5 The Twilight of Jacksonianism (1 of 3)
Why did the Whigs gain power?
The popularity of “Jacksonian Democracy”: A new
national party
Democratic Party principles
•The Rise of the Whigs
Formation of dissidents into Whigs
Opposed Jacksonian finance and anti-intellectualism
No dominant leader by 1836
Election of Martin Van Buren
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10.5 The Twilight of Jacksonianism (2 of 3)
• 1836: Martin Van Buren: Jacksonianism without
Jackson
Van Buren’s political strengths
The Panic of 1837
Cotton price drop in 1839 and economic depression
until 1843
Van Buren’s retreat from state banks: The
Independent Treasury Act
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10.5 The Twilight of Jacksonianism (3 of 3)
• The Log Cabin Campaign of 1840: Whigs
Triumphant
Van Buren’s weakness: The economy
The Whigs’ strengths: organization, campaigning,
and a popular candidate
Harrison: Myth vs. reality
Harrison’s victory and sudden death
The succession of John Tyler
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Table 10.1 Second American Party System:
Democrats and Whigs, 1828–1850s
Democrats
Leaders: Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, John Calhoun, James Polk
Key Issue: For “the common man”
Opposed to the Second Bank of the United States
Opposed to federal support for internal Improvements
In favor of removal of Indians
In favor of low tariffs
Endorsing states’ rights
Whigs
Leaders: Henry Clay, Daniel Webster
Key Issue: Against “King Andrew” Jackson
In favor of the Second Bank of the United States
In favor of federal support for internal improvements
Opposed to removal of Indians
In favor of high tariffs
Endorsing a strong central government
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Timeline (1 of 3)
1828 Andrew Jackson is elected president.
1829 Crowds cause chaos at Jackson’s White House
inaugural reception.
1831 Nat Turner leads slave rebellion in Virginia.
Chief Justice Marshall denies Cherokee rights in Cherokee
Nation v. Georgia.
1831 Southern Indians are removed to Oklahoma.
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Timeline (2 of 3)
1832 South Carolina defends states’ rights in Ordinance of
Nullification.
Jackson vetoes Bank Recharter Bill.
Chief Justice Marshall rules in Cherokees’ favor in
Worcester v. Georgia.
Jackson is reelected president.
1836 Jackson issues Specie Circular to control speculation.
Martin Van Buren is elected president.
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Timeline (3 of 3)
1837 Panic sweeps nation, ending boom.
1838 4,000 Cherokee die on Trail of Tears to Oklahoma.
1840 William Henry Harrison is elected president.
1841 Harrison dies one month after inauguration; John
Tyler becomes president.