Jacksonian Democracy and the Second Party System.
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Transcript of Jacksonian Democracy and the Second Party System.
Jacksonian Democracy and the Second Party System
• •
The US in 1824
The John Quincy Adams Administration
• Nationalist Agenda• Public Land Sales for Funding
• Roads and Canals
• National University
• Scientific Expeditions
• National Observatory
• But Adams is too autocratic, Congress rejects many of his plans.
Jacksonian Democracy
• All white men are created equal– All white men get to vote
– Women and Blacks exist to serve them
• Frontiersman Attitudes– Pro-Farmer; anti-Bank – Pro-killing Indians to get land too
Second Great Awakening (1800-1844)
• Spread of Revivalism
• Emphasis on Personal Choice of Salvation
• Locally Controlled Congregations– Baptists– Methodists– Presbyterians
• Women especially convert
The Jacksonian Party
• Southern Slave Owners
• Western Farmers
• Northern Machine Politics—Martin Van Buren and the Albany Regency
– Mass Mobilization enables victory!
• Jackson's Victory in 1828– 56% of the vote
Jackson in Command
• The Spoils System– Give your political allies jobs in the
government to reward service!
• Indian Removal Act of 1830– $500 million to bribe/force tribes to move
to Oklahoma– Some try to fight and fail– 1840: Cherokee sent on Trail of Tears;
25% die in trip to Oklahoma
Indian Removal, 1830s
John C. Calhoun and Nicholas Biddle
Nullification Crisis (1832)
• Can South Carolina Nullify the Tariff of 1832?
• Jackson Threatens to Kill Them All
• SC backs down but slave owners turn against Jackson
• John C. Calhoun
The Bank War (1832)
• Nicholas Biddle • Jackson vetoes recharter of National Bank
• Moves all funds to banks his allies run
• Jackson re-elected by 54% of vote
Martin Van Buren (1837-41)
The Failure of Van Buren
• Only Skilled at Being Elected
• Panic of 1837 (1837-43)– The Specie Circular crashes the finance system– 20% Unemployment– Van Buren has no tools or ideas to solve it
• The Rise of Abolitionism– Van Buren has no idea what to do.– South berserkly limits civil liberties
The Rise of the Whigs
• Southern Planters and Northern Merchants both hate Jackson for different reasons
• Initially, they are incompetent at running elections, fielding FOUR candidates in 1836.
The Whig Platform
• Limited Executive Power
• Federally sponsored– Roads, Canals, Rail– Tariffs to protect Trade
• Socially Conservative (Evangelicals)
• Anti-Immigrant
William Henry Harrison (1841)
• First Whig President
• Elected by pretending not to be rich
• Dies almost immediately of pneumonia
John Tyler (1841-5)
• First VP to become President
• Only Whig due to hating Jackson
• Vetoes Whig plans, so everyone hates him
• Nearly Impeached
• Has 15 kids!!!!
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Webster and Foreign Policy
• The Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)– Borders set– Cooperation in fight vs. slave trade
• Pro-Southern Foreign Policy– Annexation of Texas attempt (1844)