Ip transformation by altanai

Telecom Study of IP TransformationBy Altanai [email protected]

1 G 2 G 2.5 G 3 G LTE

• SMS (short messaging service),

• GPRS, EDGE, High Speed Circuit switched data was introduced

• Bandwidth of 384 kbps

• High-speed data transmissions

• Symmetrical and asymmetrical data transmission support

• Improved voice quality

• Greater capacity• Support of global

mobility• Lack of coverage in

some areas

• Demand for broadband services in a hand-held device

• Deployment of LTE on existing sites and sharing of common infrastructure

• Sharing of backhauling equipment between LTE/SAE and existing network technologies provided at the same site

• Common network management platforms

• Digital modulation

• Bandwidth of 14.4 kbps

• Data Transfer (only voice)

• No encryption

• Sound quality is poor

• Speed of transfer is only at 9.6kbps

4 G/ 5G

in Access LayerEvolution of Voice

• Higher bandwidth• Support for global

mobility and service portability ubiquitously with lower cost

• Broadband IP-based entirely applying packet switching method of transmission with seamlessly access convergence

ATM Frame Relay

SDH/SONET NG- SDH Metro Ethernet

ROADM

• Hardware costlier than the Ethernet hardware

• Costly for the data-based applications (wastage of bandwidth)

• Subscribers pay more for less required bandwidth

• Cost-effective

• A single box can handle the voice, data and bandwidth services

• More granular bandwidths are available and subscriber can enjoy the flexibility

• Low cost • Reduces

OPEX and CAPEX by flexible and efficient service provisioning, service activation and OAM functions

• Cost-efficient as it reduces OPEX and

CAPEX significantly for the largenetworks

• Variable packet size

• Less expensive and upgrading is easier

• Fixed packet size

• Convenient for hardware implementation

• Cost Higher

in Transport LayerEvolution of Voice

4

IN IMS

• Introduce new services rapidly - IN provides the capability to provision new services or modify existing services throughout the network with physical intervention

• Provide service customization - Service providers require the ability to change the service logic rapidly and efficiently

• Create Open interface - Allows service providers to introduce network elements quickly for individualized customer services

• Complex and costly to build and maintain as the number of services grows

• Services are specified and supported by a single logical node, or set of nodes, performing specialized tasks for each specific service. Each service is an island, with its own service-specific node

• To create and secure interconnect agreements on every single service an extensive and tedious task

• Access agnostic infrastructure — servicesare independent of the underlying access network

• Full mobility — transparent connectivity across heterogeneous networks, protocols, and access mechanisms

• Always on, always available capabilities, through sessions that cross networks and devices automatically and transparently

• User-centric context, both device and context-Sensitive

• QoS (Quality of Service) : The IMS takes care of synchronizing session establishment with QoS provision so that users have a predictable experience

• Integration of different services : Operators can use services developed by third parties, combine them, integrate them with services they already have, and provide the user with a completely new service

in Session LayerEvolution of Voice-

• Enables convergence, and interworks in several dimensions – across fixed and mobile access – in the service layer, control layer and connectivity layer

• Fast and efficient service creation and delivery by designing systems to support multiple Application Servers. Same infrastructure can be utilized for new services, with the implementation effort focusing on the actual service and not on basic features

• IMS has Communication Services which standardizes a few basic communication patterns that can then be provided as application building blocks.

IMS

Packet Cable Specification and DOCSIS

What is CMTS

Architecture of a typical VoIP/SIP scenario

CMTS is a router with Ethernet interfaces (connections) on one side and coax RF interfaces on the other side. The RF/coax interfaces carry RF signals to and from the subscriber's cable modem.

DOCSIS


Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS ) is an international telecommunications standard that permits the addition of high-speed data transfer to an existing cable TV(CATV) system. It is employed by many cable television operators to provide Internet access over their existing hybrid fiber-coaxial(HFC) infrastructure.

Features:

Channel width:

Down Steam- 6 MHz channels or 8 MHz channels upstream-between 200 kHz and 3.2 MHz DOCSIS 2.0 also specifies 6.4 MHz

Modulation:

Down Stream- 64-level or 256-level QAM Upstream- QPSK or 16-level QAM (16-QAM) for DOCSIS 1.x, and it uses QPSK, 8-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM for DOCSIS 2.0 & 3.0. DOCSIS 2.0

Throughput:

Down Stream- 42.88 Mbits/s per 6 MHz channel, or 55.62 Mbit/s per 8 MHz channel Upstream- of 30.72 Mbit/s per 6.4 MHz channel, or 10.24 Mbit/s per 3.2 MHz channel

PacketCable


PacketCable architecture contains three networks: the "DOCSIS HFC Access Network", the "Managed IP Network" and the PSTN. The Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) provides connectivity between the "DOCSIS HFC Access Network" and the "Managed IP Network". Both the Signaling Gateway (SG) and the Media Gateway (MG) provide connectivity between the "Managed IP Network" and the PSTN.

PacketCable Implementation with Cisco BTS


PacketCable Implementation- Contd..

The diagram shows high level diagram of a PacketCable DQoS network architecture that shows the three segment model. In this diagram, the network elements impacted by DQoS are the Multimedia Terminal Adapter (MTA), the Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS), the Call Management Server (CMS), and the Record Keeping Server (RKS).

The Cisco BTS 10200 Softswitch performs the functions of the CMS in a DQoS capable network.

Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS)-The CMTS is responsible for allocating and scheduling upstream and downstream bandwidth in accordance with MTA requests and QoS authorizations established by the network administrator. The CMTS implements a “DQoS Gate” between the DOCSIS cable network and an IP backbone.

Cable Modem (CM)-The CM is the PacketCable network element responsible for classifying, policing, and marking packets once the traffic flows are established by the DQoS signaling protocols.

Call Management Server (CMS)-The Call Management Server entity performs services that permit MTAs to establish Multimedia sessions .

Media Gateway Controller (MGC)-The Cisco BTS 10200 Softswitch performs the function of a media gateway controller (MGC),providing signaling to trunking gateways (TGWs). This allows calls to be connected between the PacketCable network and the PSTN

IMS Migration

Typical VOIP/SIP scenario without IMS


A basic enterprise VoIP/SIP solution is illustrated in Figure. The key element is a soft switch (SIP PBX) which might be implemented as a combination of several SIP entities, such as SIP registrar, proxy server, redirect server, forking server, Back-To-Back User Agent (B2BUA) etc.

SIP clients can be SIP hard-phones or soft-phones on PCs, PDAs etc. A PSTN gateway links the enterprise SIP PBX to the public PSTN.

Enterprise applications, media servers, presence servers, and the VoIP/SIP PBX are interconnected through a company intranet.

Migration towards IMS

With IMS, applications will be able to establish sessions across different access networks, with guaranteed QoS, flexible charging & AAA support.

INVITE

INVITE

INVITE

Migration towards IMS- forking calls

In this solution, the enterprise domain always forks incoming calls to operator.com. The enterprises SIP PBX works as a forking proxy during call setup.

Forking Solution

Migration towards IMS- Roaming

When a user turns on a mobile terminal, it will register with the operator domain for access. World-wide access is supported thanks to operator-operator roaming agreements. Once able to send IP-packets, the client will contact the enterprise.com domain to register under its new location and thereby inform SIP PBX about the location change.

INVIT

E

INVITE

INVITEMove

d Tempora

rily

Client Based Solution

Migration towards IMS- Presence In this solution, both domains interconnect their presence servers. These two domains

have a business agreement so that they can watch the presence status off each other’s domain for certain clients.

Presence Based Solution

Migration towards IMS- Possible Migration Scenarios

This solution requires an initial setup as the operator needs to store information that a certain user belongs to a certain enterprise domain uses a certain pre-defined enterprise based SIP URI.

In enterprise domain there is an application server that handles the link registration using subscribe-notify mechanism to do link-register service subscription.

Link Registration

Soft Switch Migration Towards IMS

Comparison Between Soft Switch and IMS

Services Services

Users

Users

Services

Call Control Function

Call/Session Control Function

Access and Transport Access and Transport

• IMS further decomposes softswitch functions and adds a few new concepts. Call control, user’s database and services, which are the typical functions of softswitch, are controlled by separate units in IMS. CSCF (Call Session Control Function) handles session establishment, modification and release of IP multimedia sessions using the SIP/SDP protocol suite.

• Services features are separated from call control and handled by application servers. • Subscriber’s database function is separated from service logic function and handled by HSS using open subscriber

directory interface.

Soft Switch IMS

Migration towards IMS- Phase 1 As the first step, the softswitch is decomposed into two logical components – subscriber facing unit and PSTN facing unit.

The subscriber facing unit in softswitch is upgraded to AGCF (Access Gateway Control Function) and PSTN facing unit is upgraded to MGCF (Media Gateway Controller Function) to interwork with IMS as shown in Figure 3.

By separating the softswitch into these components, the network can be more easily scaled for better overall network efficiencies. More AGCFs can be added as required, allowing the network to scale with increase in subscribers.

Similarly, More PSTN trunks can be added as traffic increases. Once PSTN and subscriber control functions are separated, the IMS elements, CSCF and BGCF functions can be introduced. BGCF is the interface for interconnecting IMS with legacy PSTN networks.

Decomposing Softswitch to AGCF and MGCF

Migration towards IMS- Phase 2

To retain existing customers and attract new customers, new SIP-based services can now be rapidly introduced and delivered by deploying new Application Servers (AS).

IMS introduces the 3GPP specified ISC interface, which is a SIP-based interface for interfacing to application servers. Using these constructs, multiple application servers from multiple vendors can be interconnected over the IMS ISC interface.

Application servers can be used remotely for faster rollout of services.

Inserting Application Server for SIP application service and Solutions

Migration towards IMS- Phase 3

Moving toward fixed/mobile convergence(FMC), a service provider can address several business needs relating to the introduction of “triple play on the move.” The dual-mode devices can communicate over the cellular network, or act as a new endpoint on the IP network.

The Home Subscriber Server (HSS), the last missing piece of the IMS architecture, is introduced. It is needed to manage subscriber data uniformly between the cellular and IP worlds.

The Handoff Server is also introduced in this phase. It runs on top of the ISC interface, and provides a seamless experience when subscribers move from the cellular network to a Wi-Fi network.

Inserting HSS and Handoff Server for Fixed/Mobile Convergence

The AGCF remains the functional centre of the network, but with the introduction of the HSS, has added the Cx and Sh interfaces defined by the IMS, taking it a step further to becoming a complete SCSCF.

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Ip transformation by altanai

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