International Day of Democracy: 15 September · 2020. 9. 16. · • International Day of Democracy...

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Transcript of International Day of Democracy: 15 September · 2020. 9. 16. · • International Day of Democracy...

Page 1: International Day of Democracy: 15 September · 2020. 9. 16. · • International Day of Democracy is observed globally on 15th September every year. • The Day was proclaimed by
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International Day of Democracy: 15 September अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लोकतंत्र दिवस: 15 सितंबर

-  AIR

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•  International Day of Democracy is observed globally on 15th September every year.

•  The Day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly through a resolution in 2007 to strengthen national programmes devoted to the promotion and consolidation of democracy.

•  The day was observed for the first time in 2008.

•  The day of Democracy provides an opportunity to review the state of democracy in the world.

•  अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लोकतंत्र दिवस प्रत्येक वर्ष 15 सितंबर को विश्व स्तर पर मनाया जाता है।

•  इस दिवस को 2007 में संयुक्त राष्ट्र महासभा द्वारा लोकतंत्र के संवर्धन और समेकन के लिए समर्पित राष्ट्रीय कार्यक्रमों को मजबूत करन ेके लिए एक प्रस्ताव के माध्यम से घोषित किया गया था।

•  2008 में पहली बार यह दिन मनाया गया था। •  लोकतंत्र का दिन दुनिया में लोकतंत्र की

स्थिति की समीक्षा करने का अवसर प्रदान करता है।

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Chhattisgarh to set up specialised police unit to counter Maoists in Bastar छत्तीसगढ ़में बस्तर में माओवादियो ंका मुकाबला करने के लिए विशेष पुलिस इकाई की स्थापना की

जाएगी -  Hindustan times

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•  A specialised unit of Chhattisgarh Police's 'Bastar Special Force' may soon be introduced for Maoist-affected districts which will comprise of local youths from the interiors of insurgency-hit Bastar division.

•  Chief minister Bhupesh Baghel directed the senior officers of the police department to raise 'Bastar Special Force' by recruiting local boys from sensitive areas.

•  The Bastar division comprises seven districts - Bastar, Kanker, Kondagaon, Dantewada, Narayanpur, Sukma and Bijapur and each one of them has been facing Maoist problems since the 1980s.

•  Earlier in 2016, the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) raised the Bastariya Battalion, to counter insurgency in which local tribals were recruited.

•  छत्तीसगढ़ पुलिस की 'बस्तर स्पेशल फोर्स' की एक विशेष इकाई जल्द ही माओवाद प्रभावित जिलों के लिए शुरू की जा सकती है, जिसमें उग्रवाद प्रभावित बस्तर संभाग के अंदरूनी इलाकों के स्थानीय युवक शामिल होंगे।

•  मुख्यमंत्री भूपेश बघेल ने पुलिस विभाग के वरिष्ठ अधिकारियो ंको संवेदनशील क्षेत्रों के स्थानीय लड़कों की भर्ती करक े'बस्तर विशेष बल' जुटान ेका निर्देश दिया।

•  बस्तर संभाग मे ंसात जिल ेशामिल हैं - बस्तर, कांकेर, कोंडागांव, दंतेवाड़ा, नारायणपुर, सुकमा और बीजापुर और उनमें से प्रत्येक 1980 के दशक स ेमाओवादी समस्याओ ंका सामना कर रहा ह।ै

•  इससे पहले 2016 में, केंद्रीय रिजर्व पुलिस बल (CRPF) ने विद्रोह का मुकाबला करने के लिए बस्तरिया बटालियन को बनाया, जिसमें स्थानीय आदिवासियो ंकी भर्ती की गई थी।

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Maoism •  Maoism is a political theory developed around the 1950's and 60's. •  It is derived from the teachings of revolutionary Chinese leader Mao

Zedong. •  It is often considered as an anti-revisionist form of Marxism-Leninism, and

was widely applied as the political and military guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China and as a theory guiding revolutionary movements around the world.

•  Holding that "political power grows out of the barrel of a gun", Maoist thought emphasises the revolutionary struggle of the vast majority of people against the ruling classes and the state structure.

•  In India, Maoism is represented through the Communist Party of India (Maoist).

•  Much like traditional Maoist thought, the CPI (M) aims to overthrow the Indian government through peoples' war.

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Centre to release funds related to Polavaram Project to Andhra Pradesh at earliest केंद्र सरकार आंध्र प्रदेश को पोलावरम परियोजना स ेसंबंधित धनराशि जल्द से जल्द जारी करेगी

-  AIR

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•  The Centre is working to release the funds related to Polavaram Project to the State of Andhra Pradesh at the earliest.

•  The Centre has received the CAG audit report pertaining to the project.

•  Earlier, Vijaysai Reddy of YSR Congress raised this issue saying that an amount of Rs. 3,805 crore related to this project is yet to be released by the Centre which is affecting this ambitious project.

•  He urged the Centre to release the fund immediately to complete the project within the deadline of December 2021.

•  The Polavaram Project is an under construction multi-purpose irrigation National project on the Godavari River in the West Godavari District and East Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh.

•  केंद्र पोलावरम परियोजना स ेसंबंधित धनराशि को आंध्र प्रदेश राज्य को जल्द से जल्द जारी करन ेके लिए काम कर रहा है।

•  केंद्र ने परियोजना से संबंधित CAG ऑडिट रिपोर्ट प्राप्त की है।

•  इससे पहले, वाईएसआर कांग्रेस के विजयसाई रेड्डी न ेइस मुद्दे को उठाते हुए कहा था कि इस परियोजना से संबंधित 3,805 करोड ़रुपय ेकी राशि अभी तक केंद्र द्वारा जारी नहीं की गई है जो इस महत्वाकांक्षी परियोजना को प्रभावित कर रही है।

•  उन्होंने केंद्र से दिसंबर 2021 की समय सीमा के भीतर परियोजना को पूरा करन ेके लिए तुरंत फंड जारी करने का आग्रह किया।

•  पोलावरम परियोजना पश्चिम गोदावरी जिले में गोदावरी नदी और आंध्र प्रदेश मे ंपूर्वी गोदावरी जिले मे ंबहुउद्देश्यीय सिंचाई परियोजना है।

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Polavaram Project

•  Polavaram Project, is an under-construction multi-purpose irrigation project.

•  The Project envisages construction of Earth-cum-Rock fill dam across river Godavari. The maximum height of the dam is 48 m.

•  It is being constructed on the Godavari River in the West Godavari District and East Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh. Its reservoir spreads into parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha States also.

•  In the year 2014 the Government of India declared the Polavaram project a National project.

•  It will irrigate nearly 3 lakh ha of land, generate hydel power with installed capacity of 960 MW and provide drinking water facilities to 540 enroute villages covering 25 lakh populations.

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Sameer Kumar Khare appointed Executive Director at ADB समीर कुमार खरे ने एशियाई विकास बैंक में कार्यकारी निदेशक नियुक्त किया

-  ANI

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•  Sameer Kumar Khare has been appointed Executive Director of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), Manila.

•  Khare is a 1989-batch IAS officer of Assam-Meghalaya cadre and is currently the additional secretary in the Department of Economic Affairs.

•  He has been appointed to the post for a tenure of three years with effect from the date of assumption of the charge of the post or until further orders, whichever is earlier.

•  समीर कुमार खर ेको एशियाई विकास बैंक (ADB), मनीला का कार्यकारी निदेशक नियुक्त किया गया है।

•  खरे असम-मेघालय कैडर के 1989 बैच के आईएएस अधिकारी हैं और वर्तमान मे ंआर्थिक मामलों के विभाग में अतिरिक्त सचिव हैं।

•  उन्हें तीन वर्ष के कार्यकाल के लिए इस पद के लिए नियुक्त किया गया है, जिसके बाद से पद का प्रभार संभालने की तारीख से या अगले आदेशों तक, जो भी पहले हो, तक क ेलिए नियुक्त किया गया है।

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Reading life signature on Venus शुक्र पर जीवन के निशान ढूँढना

-  IE

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●  An announcement by an international team of astronomers about the discovery of phosphine gas in the atmosphere of Venus triggered global excitement about the possibility of the presence of lifeforms on the neighbouring planet.

●  Apart from being produced in industrial processes, phosphine, a colourless but smelly gas, is known to be made only by some species of bacteria that survive in the absence of oxygen.

●  A team of scientists have reported traces of phosphine in a concentration of approximately 20 parts per billion, thousands to millions of times more than what could otherwise be expected.

•  वीनस के वातावरण में फॉस्फीन गैस की खोज क ेबारे में खगोलविदों की एक अंतरराष्ट्रीय टीम द्वारा एक घोषणा ने पड़ोसी ग्रह पर जीवन-रूपो ंकी उपस्थिति की संभावना के बार ेमें वैश्विक उत्साह को बढ़ाया।

•  औद्योगिक प्रक्रियाओ ंमें उत्पादित होने के अलावा, फॉस्फीन, एक रंगहीन लेकिन बदबूदार गैस, केवल बैक्टीरिया की कुछ प्रजातियों द्वारा बनाई जाती है जो ऑक्सीजन की अनुपस्थिति मे ंजीवित रहती हैं।

•  वैज्ञानिको ंकी एक टीम ने प्रति बिलियन के लगभग 20 भागो ंमें फॉस्फीन के निशान की सूचना दी है, जो उम्मीद की जा सकती थी उससे हजारों से लाखों गुना अधिक है।

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But Venus cannot support life, can it?

•  There are several things that we know of about Venus that make life, as we know it, unsustainable on that planet.

•  The temperature of Venus is too high, and its atmosphere is highly acidic, just two of the things that would make life impossible.

•  But Scientists also suggest that this phosphine could be remnants from a time when Venus was a much more hospitable place.

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Venus

•  It is the second closest planet to the sun and the sixth-largest planet in the solar system. It is also known as earth's twin.

•  It is the hottest planet in the solar system and its extreme temperatures (450o C) and acidic clouds make it an unlikely place for life.

•  Along with Uranus it spins backwards with respect to other planets i.e. Its sun rises in the west and sets in the east.

•  Along with Mercury it has no moons and no rings.

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Phosphine

•  It is a flammable gas that on Earth occurs from the breakdown of organic matter.

•  On Earth, this gas is associated with living organisms. •  It can only be made by life—whether human or microbe. •  Used as a chemical weapon during World War I, phosphine is still

manufactured as an agricultural fumigant, is used in the semiconductor industry, and is a nasty byproduct of meth labs.

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16-member committee to study ancient Indian culture प्राचीन भारतीय संस्कृति का अध्ययन करने के लिए 16 सदस्यीय समिति

-  ET

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•  Union Minister of Culture informed Lok Sabha about an expert committee which has been set up for conducting holistic study of origin and evolution of Indian culture.

•  An expert committee has been set up for conducting holistic study of origin and evolution of Indian culture to since 12000 years before present and its interface with other cultures of the world.

•  The committee is chaired by K.N. Dikshit (Chairman of Indian Archaeological Society, New Delhi and former Joint Director General, Archaeological Survey of India).

•  केंद्रीय संस्कृति मंत्री ने लोकसभा को एक विशेषज्ञ समिति के बारे में बताया जो भारतीय संस्कृति की उत्पत्ति और विकास क ेसमग्र अध्ययन क ेलिए स्थापित की गई है।

•  भारतीय संस्कृति की उत्पत्ति और विकास का समग्र अध्ययन करने के लिए एक विशेषज्ञ समिति का गठन किया गया है, जो वर्तमान से 12000 वर्ष पहले और दुनिया की अन्य संस्कृतियों के साथ इसका इंटरफेस है।

•  समिति की अध्यक्षता के.एन. दीक्षित (भारतीय पुरातत्व सोसायटी, नई दिल्ली के अध्यक्ष और पूर्व संयुक्त महानिदेशक, भारतीय पुरातत्व सर्वेक्षण) करेंगे।

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KG Basin holds massive reserves of methane fuel केजी बेसिन में मीथेन ईंधन का भारी भंडार है

-  TOI

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•  The Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin holds a massive reserve of methane hydrate and a rich source of cleaner natural gas, claims a study by the Pune-based Agharkar Research Institute (ARI) of the science & technology ministry.

•  Even the lowest estimate of methane present in the methane hydrates in the KG basin is twice that of all fossil fuel reserves available worldwide.

•  Methane is a cleaner and economical fuel. Methane hydrate is formed when hydrogen-bonded water and methane gas come into contact at high pressures and low temperatures in oceans.

•  It is estimated that one cubic meter of methane hydrate contains 160-180 cubic meters of methane. Researchers at ARI claimed to have found that the methane hydrate deposits located in the KG basin are of biogenic origin.

•  विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी मंत्रालय के पुणे स्थित अघारकर अनुसंधान संस्थान (ARI) द्वारा एक अध्ययन का दावा है कि कृष्णा-गोदावरी (KG) बेसिन में मीथेन हाइड्रेट का एक विशाल भंडार और स्वच्छ प्राकृतिक गैस का एक समृद्ध स्रोत है।

•  यहां तक कि केजी बेसिन में मीथेन हाइड्रेट्स में मौजूद मीथेन का सबसे कम अनुमान दुनिया भर में उपलब्ध सभी जीवाश्म ईंधन भंडार का दोगुना है।

•  मीथेन एक क्लीनर और किफायती ईंधन है। मीथेन हाइड्रेट तब बनता है जब हाइड्रोजन-बंधुआ पानी और मीथेन गैस महासागरों में उच्च दबाव और कम तापमान के संपर्क में आते हैं।

•  अनुमान है कि एक घन मीटर मीथेन हाइड्रेट में 160-180 घन मीटर मीथेन होता है।

•  एआरआई के शोधकर्ताओं ने दावा किया है कि केजी बेसिन मे ंस्थित मीथेन हाइड्रेट जमा जीवजनित मूल के हैं।

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Biogenic Methane

•  It is the methane produced from the metabolic activities of living organisms.

•  The research team has identified the methanogens that produced the biogenic methane trapped as methane hydrate, which can be a significant source of energy.

•  The ARI team has documented a predominance of genus Methanosarcina in the KG basin, followed by a few other genera Methanoculleus, Methanobacterium.

•  Methane hydrate is formed when hydrogen-bonded water and methane gas come into contact at high pressures and low temperatures such as in oceans.

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Methane Hydrate

•  Methane hydrate is a crystalline solid that consists of a methane molecule surrounded by a cage of interlocking water molecules.

•  Methane hydrate is an "ice" that only occurs naturally in subsurface deposits where temperature and pressure conditions are favourable for its formation.

•  If the ice is removed from this temperature/pressure environment, it becomes unstable.

•  For this reason, methane hydrate deposits are difficult to study and handle.

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Krishna-Godavari Basin

•  It is an extensive deltaic plain formed by two large east coast rivers, Krishna and Godavari in the state of Andhra Pradesh and the adjoining areas of Bay of Bengal in which these rivers discharge their water.

•  The KG Basin is a large basin of continental margin located on the east coast of India.

•  Its land part covers an area of 15000 sq. km •  The basin contains about 5 km thick sediments with several cycles of

deposition, ranging in age from Late Carboniferous to Pleistocene. •  The site is known for the D-6 block with the biggest natural gas reserves

in India. The first gas discovery was made in 1983 by ONGC. •  The basin is home to the Olive Ridley Sea Turtle.

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Important Questions

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International Day of Democracy is observed every year on _________.

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय लोकतंत्र दिवस हर साल _________ पर मनाया जाता है।

A.  13 September B.  14 September C.  15 September D.  16 September

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A specialised unit of 'Bastar Special Force' may soon be introduced for Maoist-affected districts of insurgency-hit Bastar division. Bastar division is in _______.

उग्रवाद प्रभावित बस्तर संभाग के नक्सल प्रभावित जिलों के लिए जल्द ही 'बस्तर स्पेशल फोर्स' की एक विशेष यूनिट बनाई जाएगी । बस्तर संभाग _______ में है।

A.  Jharkhand B.  Odisha C. Chhattisgarh D. Andhra Pradesh

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The Centre will release the funds related to Polavaram Project at the earliest. Polavaram Project is on _______ river.

केंद्र पोलावरम परियोजना से संबंधित धनराशि जल्द से जल्द जारी करेगा। पोलावरम परियोजना _______ नदी पर है।

A.  Krishan B.  Godavari C. Tungabhadra D. Narmada

Page 31: International Day of Democracy: 15 September · 2020. 9. 16. · • International Day of Democracy is observed globally on 15th September every year. • The Day was proclaimed by

A.  Manjeet Maheshwari B.  Raman Negi C. Sameer Kumar Khare D. Manoj Ranjan

Who among the following has been appointed as Executive Director of the Asian Development Bank (ADB)?

निम्नलिखित में से किसे एशियाई विकास बैंक (ADB) क ेकार्यकारी निदेशक के रूप में नियुक्त किया गया है?

Page 32: International Day of Democracy: 15 September · 2020. 9. 16. · • International Day of Democracy is observed globally on 15th September every year. • The Day was proclaimed by

Who among the following will head the 16-member committee formed to study ancient Indian culture?

निम्नलिखित मे ंसे कौन प्राचीन भारतीय संस्कृति का अध्ययन करने के लिए गठित 16-सदस्यीय समिति का प्रमुख होगा?

A.  K.N. Dikshit B.  R Kulkarni C.  Pradeep Sangwan D.  Mahesh Kumar

r

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