INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM

Dr B.SUNIL KUMARMVScDept of LPMSVVU, Tirupati.

Submitted to:-Dr A.Ravindra reddyProffesor,Dept of LPM.SVVU.

• Integrated Farming (IF) is a whole farm management system which aims to deliver more sustainable agriculture

• Farming is process of harnessing solar energy in the form of economic plant and animal products.

• System implies a set of practices and processes organized into functional entity.

• According to pillay (1990) basic principle is utilization of the

synergetic effects of inter related farm activities and conservation, including the full utilization of farm waste.

• It is based on concept that ‘there is no waste’ and ‘waste is only a misplaced resource.’ which become valuable material for another product.

Four primary goals of IFS are

• Maximization of yield of all component enterprises to provide steady and stable income.

• Rejuvenation of systems productivity and achieve agro-ecological equilibrium.

• Avoid build up of insect pests, diseases and weed population through natural cropping system and keep them at low level of intensity.

• Reducing use of chemicals.

s

• Forestry• Sericulture• Kitchen

gardening• Nursery• Seed production

vermiculture• value addition

Elements of integrated farming system• Watershed• Farm ponds• Bio-pesticides• Bio-fertilizers• Plant products as

pesticides• Bio-gas• Solar energy• Compost making• Green manuring• Rain water harvesting

Key principles

• cyclic Farming system is essentially cyclic.

Therefore management decisions related to one component may effect the others.

• Rational Rational use of crop resource is major

route to get out of poverty. For resource poor farmers the correct

management of crop residues, together with an optimal allocation of scarce resources, leads to sustainable production.

• Ecological sustainability: combining ecological sustainability

and economic viability, the integrated livestock farming system maintains and improves agricultural productivity while also reducing negative environmental impacts.

Multipurpose crops Fuel Food fibre

Milk Meat Work Eggs

Animals

Biogas plant

Biogas and fertilizer

Pond

Fish

Water plantsPlant nutrients

By-products/recidue

excreta

Different components and resource flow in multi-enterprise agriculture model

Different integrated farming system are :-• Integrated fish-livestock farming system• Integrated crop-livestock farming systemFollowing enterprises could be combined• Agricultural + livestock• Agricultural + livestock + poultry• Agricultural + horticulture + sericulture • Agricultural + silvipasture• Agricultural (rice) + fish culture• Agricultural(rice) + fish+ mushroom cultivation• Agricultural + apiary • Agricultural + duckery + poultry

Duck cum fish farming system:-• An integration system of duck production with fish farming.• Experiment conducted in Bangladesh:-• Ponds stocked with 7500 carp fingerlings/ha with 200, 400

and 500 khaki Campbell ducks /ha.• Resulted production found that 1.82,3.15 and 4.50

tons/ha/year respectively as compared to the control pond with 0.49tons/ha.

• The avg, egg production is 240 eggs/duck/year.• After several trails it has been founded that avg, fish yield of

5.68 tons/ha/year, which was 5 to 7 times higher than normal fish yield.(Nuruzzaman,1991).

• Jhingran and sharma (1980) reported that fish yield was 4.32 tons/ha/year in duck cum fish farming in India.

• While the usual pond fish raising may produce about 4 tons of fish per hectare, the integration system may produce more than 10 tons per hectare(12.2-19.5 tons ) of 2 to 3.9 times more.

• Duck usually consumes tadpoles, mosquitoes and dragon fly larvae which are not consumed by fish.

• And another advantage is feed on snails which are vectors for fish parasite and not only fertilize ponds also release nutrients from pond soil by dabbling activity.

Integrated layer chicken cum fish farming

• Integration of layer chicken - fish farming operation.• In this birds kept at the floor over the pond in which

droppings drop directly into pond . • In this skilled management require, but it is proves

economically and technically viable at farmers conditions.

• Economic analysis:- net profit of Tk.219.836.00/ha/year with fish production of 4.89 tons/ha/year(nuruzzaman,1991).

Integrated chicken cum fish farming

Broiler cum fish farming• It is also successful system practised in small

number , economic analysis showed that is economically and technically highly viable.

• But it has some limitation in rural areas like regular supply of day-old chicks with two month interval and marketing of broilers could pose problems in rural areas.

• In poultry fish farming 500 birds is enough to fertilize one hectare pond area.

• The yield of about 3.9t/ha/yr has been obtained in composite culture system stocked @8000 fish/ha.

• Faster growth rate and high survival rate were recorded when a mixture of cowdung and poultry droppings was used.

Integrated goat cum fish farming:-• It is combined production of goat along

with fish farming.• Libunao(1990) reported that fish feed

produced in the ponds with goat manure is efficiently utilized by the fish biomass.

• He also mentioned that tilapia increased with rate of goat manure loading.

• Study of production of fishes is not yet studied.

Integrated goat cum fish farming:-

Integrated rice cum fish farming• Rice cum shrimp culture practice in southern

part of Bangladesh is known as “gher method”.Advantages:- • Reduced cost of rice cultivation through

removal of weeds, insects and pest that are consumed by fish.

• Increased fertilization.• Provision of feed for fish (Pollen grains)• Increased production of fish and rice.

Rice-fish-prawn culture:• Fish cultured in trench or

canal dugs in paddy fields in low lying areas yielded 700kg/ha fish along with 5.5ton/ha of paddy.

• There as greater potential for culture of air breathing fish in paddy fields as they can with stand low water and oxygen levels.

Fish farming cum Horticulture• Pond banks provide suitable place which is

economically useful for raising fruit plants like banana,papaya and vegetables.

• Pakistan using pond dicks for cultivation of fodder, napier grass, sudan grass, maize and alfa alfa which are useful as food for animals as well as grass carp.( ultimately cutting down production cost).

Fish farming-cum-sericulture• Mulberry plants are grown on and around

pond dikes which are irrigated with pond water.

• Silk is extracted from silkworms which are reared on mulberry leaves while remaining pupae(having high protein content) are fed to fish and excellent growth of fishes is recorded.

Integration of pig-duck-fish-vegetables systems

• It is involving pig production , fish farming, duck keeping and vegetable production(Devendra and fuller,1979) is widely practised in china and south east Asia.

• In this system based on use of pond which not only meets needs of pigs but also enables fish and ducks to be kept, water is also useful for vegetable production.

In pig and fish farming:

• Number of piglets generally recommended is 100 per ha (or 1 piglet per 100m2 of pond).

• In china fish pond stocked -60,000 fingerlings per ha(avg 20-30 gms) of different species raised together with about 45-75 pigs/ha between 2-18 tons of fish and 4 to 7 t of pigs per ha/year(Pilley,1990).

Fish used in practice• Silver carp, big head – herbivores –higher level

of water (surface).• Grass carp –carnivore- stay in middle.• Common carp-omnivore – stay in bottom.

Management of pond:-• Over fertilization with manure lead to poor

quality of pond water, particularly depletion of oxygen and fish kills.

• Management of water quality , promoting growth of phytoplankton to generate oxygen to maintain positive photosynthesis.

• Stocking rate.• Plankton analysis. • Limnology- physico-chemical properties of

water.• Natural depression or excavated land are to be

avoided.,

• Depth 1.5 to 3.0 m is good.• clay or loamy soil type having PH 6.5-7.5 is

good.• Detoxication: killing of weeds of undesirable

and unwanted fishes by mahua cake. • Time of stocking and harvesting:-stock in june

-sep and harvest after 12 months.• Growth of fish affected if temp below 18 to 20

degree Celsius.

Advantages of IFS• Increased productivity through increased economic

yield per unit area per time.• Improved profitability achieved due to recycling of

waste of enterprise as energy inputs for other system.

• Greater sustainability in production.• Integration of different production systems.(solve

malnutrition)

• To avoid piling of waste.• To provide cash availability, flow of money

round the year.• Solving energy crises. • Silvi pasture system reduces pressure on

forests.• System forces entrepreneur to know more

things to improve literacy rate.• Provide opportunity for the growth of agri

oriented industries.• Involvement of rural women in production

Constraints:-

• Nutritional values of crop residues are generally low in digestibility and protein content. physical and chemical treatment of these residues is technically possible. Expensive to poor farmers.

• Crop residues are primarily soil regenerators.• Intensive recycling can cause nutrient losses.• Farmers prefer use of chemical fertilizer instead

of manure bcze it acts faster and easy to apply.• Resource investments are required to improve

intake and digestibility of crop residues.

challenges

• Develop strategies and promote crop livestock synergies and interactions that aim to

1. Integrate crop and livestock effectively with careful land use.

2. Raise the productivity specific mixed crop livestock systems.

3. Facilitate expansion of food production.4. Simultaneously safeguard the environment

and make efficient use of natural resources.

• Implement a more efficient use of biomass, reducing pressure on natural resources and develop a sustainable livestock manure management system to control environment losses and spreading contaminants.

Some lessons learned and recommendations

1. The maintenance of an integrated crop livestock system is dependent on the availability of adequate nutrients to sustain animals and plants and maintain soil fertility. *:Animal manure alone cannot meet crop requirements.

*:This is because of its low nutrient density and limited quantity available to small scale farmers.

• Growing fodder legumes and using them as a supplement to improve nutritional value crop residues to effective control of wt loss in animals

• Given their traditional knowledge and experience, local farmers are perfectly able to apply an integrated system.

• Veterinary services are generally unable to reach poor small farmers in remote areas.

• Better livestock management is needed to safeguard water.

• Intensification of agriculture by incorporation of small livestock it decreses land needed for agri and decrease pressure on forests.

Conclusion:-

• The integration of fish with livestock and agriculture needs to be seriously viewed because this activity can go long way in the uplift of rural life through manifold increase in return on investment.

• Although information on concerning production data does not exist, it appears with proper management and technical skills.

• This farming become a profitable and viable industry in a country like ours where economy is largely based on agriculture.

• Investigation an different aspects of waste utilization have to be geared up.

• Suitable technology has to be developed for treatment of wastes and all round effective utilization.

SUBMITTED BY:-B.SUNIL KUMARTVM/2015-024