Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Structured Cabling Project Chapter 9 Paul Flynn...

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing

Structured Cabling ProjectStructured Cabling Project

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Paul FlynnPaul Flynn


Safety is primary concernSafety is primary concern Never work on a device with the case open and the Never work on a device with the case open and the

power plugged in.power plugged in. Test electrical sockets with a multimeterTest electrical sockets with a multimeter Locate all electrical conduits and power wires Locate all electrical conduits and power wires

before installing any cablesbefore installing any cables Properly ground all networking equipment. Never Properly ground all networking equipment. Never

cut or nick a live 120V AC line. cut or nick a live 120V AC line. Wear safety glasses Wear safety glasses whenever you are drilling or whenever you are drilling or

cuttingcutting Measure carefully Measure carefully before you cut, drill into, or before you cut, drill into, or

permanently alter construction materials.permanently alter construction materials. Investigate what you will be drilling or cutting into, Investigate what you will be drilling or cutting into,

before you beginbefore you begin Cleanliness ex. minimize the amount of dustCleanliness ex. minimize the amount of dust Follow proper ladder placement and safety Follow proper ladder placement and safety

procedures whenever you must use a ladderprocedures whenever you must use a ladder


Network DocumentationNetwork Documentation Some of the documents you should create while Some of the documents you should create while

planning/designing your network:planning/designing your network: engineering journal: engineering journal: logical topologylogical topology physical topologyphysical topology cut sheets: cut sheets: a rough sketch of cabling runsa rough sketch of cabling runs problem-solving matricesproblem-solving matrices labeled outletslabeled outlets labeled cable runslabeled cable runs summary of outlets and cable runssummary of outlets and cable runs summary of devices, MAC addresses, and IP addressessummary of devices, MAC addresses, and IP addresses


Project PlanningProject Planning Structured cabling project is ideal for group Structured cabling project is ideal for group

work so assign different group members work so assign different group members different jobs different jobs

Ex: Cable runner, project manager , Jack and Ex: Cable runner, project manager , Jack and Patch Panel TerminatorPatch Panel Terminator

Create a flowchart to insure project is done Create a flowchart to insure project is done thoroughly, accurately and on timethoroughly, accurately and on time

installing outlets, jacks installing outlets, jacks running cables and testing themrunning cables and testing them punching cables into patch panels punching cables into patch panels documenting cables documenting cables installing PCs, NICs, hubs, switches, routers installing PCs, NICs, hubs, switches, routers configuring PCs, switches, routersconfiguring PCs, switches, routers


TIA/EIA-568-A standardsTIA/EIA-568-A standards

3m6m

90m


RJ-45 JackRJ-45 Jack One side of the RJ-45 jack contains eight color-One side of the RJ-45 jack contains eight color-

coded slots. The individual Cat5 wires are coded slots. The individual Cat5 wires are punched down into the slots according to color punched down into the slots according to color using a using a punch down toolpunch down tool.. The other side of the The other side of the jack is a female plug, which looks like a standard jack is a female plug, which looks like a standard phone jackphone jack

There are 2 methods for mounting RJ-45 jacksThere are 2 methods for mounting RJ-45 jacks Surface mounting: Surface mounting: mount the jacks on the surface of mount the jacks on the surface of

the wallthe wall Flush mountingFlush mounting: : cut through the wallcut through the wall


Surface-mounting an RJ-45 jackSurface-mounting an RJ-45 jack

Two types of boxes that you can use to surface mount Two types of boxes that you can use to surface mount RJ-45 jacks to a wallRJ-45 jacks to a wall Screw-mounted boxScrew-mounted box Adhesive-backed boxAdhesive-backed box

Adhesive-backed Adhesive-backed are faster to install; however once are faster to install; however once affixed, you can’t move themaffixed, you can’t move them

Most network installers prefer to use surface-mounted Most network installers prefer to use surface-mounted RJ-45 jacks because they are easier and faster to RJ-45 jacks because they are easier and faster to install. You don’t need to cut into the wallinstall. You don’t need to cut into the wall

Details on how to surface-mount an RJ-45 jack are Details on how to surface-mount an RJ-45 jack are found in Chapter 9.2.4found in Chapter 9.2.4


Flush Mounting an RJ-45 jackFlush Mounting an RJ-45 jack You must take several factors into consideration You must take several factors into consideration

before you decide to flush mount an RJ-45 jack into before you decide to flush mount an RJ-45 jack into a walla wall. . Is the wall made of plaster or drywall? Is the wall made of plaster or drywall?

Plaster is harder to work with because it crumbles easilyPlaster is harder to work with because it crumbles easily Are there any wide wood baseboards on the wall? if so Are there any wide wood baseboards on the wall? if so

you may want to install the jack there. But make sure you you may want to install the jack there. But make sure you don’t cut the opening into the bottom 5 cm of the don’t cut the opening into the bottom 5 cm of the baseboard, because the walls bottom plate will block you baseboard, because the walls bottom plate will block you from pushing it infrom pushing it in

Details on flush-mounting RJ-45 jacks are found in Details on flush-mounting RJ-45 jacks are found in Chapter 9.2Chapter 9.2

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingProcedure for placing the Procedure for placing the copper wires in a jackcopper wires in a jack

Steps you must use to place the cable Steps you must use to place the cable wires into the jack:wires into the jack: Strip the jacket about 2.5 cmStrip the jacket about 2.5 cm Place the wires in front of the jack and Place the wires in front of the jack and

keep them there while you workkeep them there while you work Separate each pair of twisted wiresSeparate each pair of twisted wires Place each wire on the corresponding Place each wire on the corresponding

color-coded slot of the jackcolor-coded slot of the jack Punch the wires down into the slots using Punch the wires down into the slots using

a a punch down toolpunch down tool


Procedure for punching copper Procedure for punching copper wires in a jackwires in a jack

A punch tool is a device that uses spring-A punch tool is a device that uses spring-loaded action to push wires between the loaded action to push wires between the pins on the jack while at the same time, pins on the jack while at the same time, skinning the sheath away from the wire.skinning the sheath away from the wire.


Basics for Installing Basics for Installing Strip back only as much of the cable's jacket as is required Strip back only as much of the cable's jacket as is required

to terminate the wiresto terminate the wires Make sure that you maintain the twists in each pair of Make sure that you maintain the twists in each pair of

wires, as much as possible. It is the twisting of the wires wires, as much as possible. It is the twisting of the wires that produces the cancellation that is needed to prevent that produces the cancellation that is needed to prevent EMI and RFI. CAT 5 UTP, the maximum amount of EMI and RFI. CAT 5 UTP, the maximum amount of untwisted wire that is allowed is 13 mm untwisted wire that is allowed is 13 mm

Never bend cable to the extent that it exceeds a 90º angle Never bend cable to the extent that it exceeds a 90º angle Avoid stretching cable when you are handling it, wires Avoid stretching cable when you are handling it, wires

inside will untwistinside will untwist If multiple cables must run over the same path, use cable If multiple cables must run over the same path, use cable

ties to cinch them together. ties to cinch them together. Never allow cables to be nicked or kinked Never allow cables to be nicked or kinked Leave enough slack for the cable to reach the floor, and Leave enough slack for the cable to reach the floor, and

extend another 60-90 cm at both ends. extend another 60-90 cm at both ends. Use cable ties, cable support bars, wire management Use cable ties, cable support bars, wire management

panels, and releasable Velcro straps to secure cables. panels, and releasable Velcro straps to secure cables. Never use a stapleNever use a staple gun gun


Do’s and Don’ts for UTPDo’s and Don’ts for UTPDo’sDo’s Don’tsDon’tsUse Cable TiesUse Cable Ties Don’t untwist wires Don’t untwist wires

more than 13mmmore than 13mm

Leave SlackLeave Slack Minimize the bent Minimize the bent radius to radius to 90º 90º

Leave Service coils Leave Service coils in the ceilingin the ceiling

No KinksNo Kinks

Use support barsUse support bars Don’t stretch the Don’t stretch the cablecable

Use VelcroUse Velcro Minimize twisting the Minimize twisting the cable jackets cable jackets

Use Cable Use Cable Management PanelsManagement Panels

No staple gunsNo staple guns


Documenting cable runsDocumenting cable runs A A cut sheetcut sheet is a rough diagram that: is a rough diagram that:

Shows the locations of the cable runs Shows the locations of the cable runs Indicates the numbers of the classrooms, Indicates the numbers of the classrooms,

offices, or other rooms, to which the offices, or other rooms, to which the cables have been run.cables have been run.

Ex. Rm# 519, 201Ex. Rm# 519, 201 Can be referred to when its time to place Can be referred to when its time to place

corresponding numbers on all telecom corresponding numbers on all telecom outlets and patch panels in the wiring outlets and patch panels in the wiring closetcloset


Specifications for labeling Specifications for labeling cablecable

According to the TIA/EIA 606 standards, According to the TIA/EIA 606 standards, each hardware termination unit must each hardware termination unit must have some kind of unique identifier. have some kind of unique identifier. This identifier must be marked on each This identifier must be marked on each termination hardware unittermination hardware unit. . Termination Termination hardware unitshardware units include: include: Patch panelsPatch panels JacksJacks ComputerComputer Also important to label the cable at each Also important to label the cable at each

endend

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingSpecifications for labeling Specifications for labeling cablecable

For example, if you have 4 cables For example, if you have 4 cables going to room number 201:going to room number 201: Label each cable as 201A, 201B, 201C, Label each cable as 201A, 201B, 201C,

201D201D Label each faceplate going to the Label each faceplate going to the

particular workstation with the same particular workstation with the same number i.e. 201Anumber i.e. 201A

Also label each cable connection at the Also label each cable connection at the patch panel in the wiring closet in patch panel in the wiring closet in ascendingascending order order


Preparing cable for routing and labelingPreparing cable for routing and labeling If you need to route 4 cables to each room, route If you need to route 4 cables to each room, route

all four cables at the same timeall four cables at the same time Use 4 spools of cableUse 4 spools of cable Assign a letter to each spoolAssign a letter to each spool

Ex. A for the cable going to room A Ex. A for the cable going to room A Place the spools at the central point or wiring Place the spools at the central point or wiring

closet. closet. Unwind a segment of the cable and label it 3 Unwind a segment of the cable and label it 3

times, each label being 60 cm aparttimes, each label being 60 cm apart Ex. 201A, 201BEx. 201A, 201B

Use electrical tape to keep all 4 cables together Use electrical tape to keep all 4 cables together while routing themwhile routing them

Tie a string around the ends to help pull the Tie a string around the ends to help pull the cablescables


Easiest procedure for routing Easiest procedure for routing cablecable

The easiest way to route cable is to mount The easiest way to route cable is to mount it on a wallit on a wall Tie the cables with a tie-wrap then mount the Tie the cables with a tie-wrap then mount the

tie-wrap to the wall.tie-wrap to the wall. You can use screws to put the tie-wrap on the wallYou can use screws to put the tie-wrap on the wall Or adhesive tie-wraps if you’re sure that the cables Or adhesive tie-wraps if you’re sure that the cables

will not need to be movedwill not need to be moved Never use staples to attach cable to wallsNever use staples to attach cable to walls


Mounting cable in racewayMounting cable in raceway Raceway is a wall-mounted channel that Raceway is a wall-mounted channel that

has a removable coverhas a removable cover decorative raceway decorative raceway

presents a more finished appearance presents a more finished appearance Placed in areas where the raceway may be seenPlaced in areas where the raceway may be seen

gutter raceway gutter raceway less attractive alternative to decorative racewayless attractive alternative to decorative raceway primary advantage is that it is big enough to hold primary advantage is that it is big enough to hold

several cablesseveral cables restricted to spaces such as attics and spaces restricted to spaces such as attics and spaces

created by dropped ceilingscreated by dropped ceilings. .

Can be mounted with adhesive backing or Can be mounted with adhesive backing or with screwswith screws

After mounting the raceway, lay the cable After mounting the raceway, lay the cable inside it, and attach the top. inside it, and attach the top.

This will help to protect the cableThis will help to protect the cable


Running cable through Running cable through existing racewayexisting raceway

Two concerns with routing cable in Two concerns with routing cable in existing raceway:existing raceway: First, is there room? The new bundle of cable First, is there room? The new bundle of cable

you want to route in the raceway may exceed you want to route in the raceway may exceed the capacity of the raceway. the capacity of the raceway.

Second, it is preferable not to route cable in a Second, it is preferable not to route cable in a raceway with raceway with power wiringpower wiring. This can . This can potentially cause noise problemspotentially cause noise problems..


Personal safety precautions Personal safety precautions before installing cablebefore installing cable

When working in walls, ceilings or attics, turn When working in walls, ceilings or attics, turn off off all all power that might pass through that areapower that might pass through that area

Before you begin work, learn the locations of Before you begin work, learn the locations of all fire extinguishersall fire extinguishers

Avoid wearing excessively baggy clothesAvoid wearing excessively baggy clothes If you anticipate working in a dropped ceiling If you anticipate working in a dropped ceiling

space, survey the areaspace, survey the area If you need to cut or saw, wear safety glassesIf you need to cut or saw, wear safety glasses Consult the building’s maintenance engineer Consult the building’s maintenance engineer

to find out if there is asbestos or lead where to find out if there is asbestos or lead where you’ll be workingyou’ll be working

Keep your work area orderly and neatKeep your work area orderly and neat


Building safetyBuilding safety Always find out in advance what the local Always find out in advance what the local

building codes are. building codes are. Some building codes may prohibit drilling Some building codes may prohibit drilling

or cutting holes in certain areas such as or cutting holes in certain areas such as fire walls or ceilings fire walls or ceilings

If you must route cable through spaces If you must route cable through spaces where air is circulated, you will need to where air is circulated, you will need to use a use a fire-rated cablefire-rated cable..


Supporting horizontal cablingSupporting horizontal cabling

When running cable in a dropped ceiling When running cable in a dropped ceiling space, never lay the cable on top of the space, never lay the cable on top of the ceilingceiling. Use:. Use: Wall-mounted gutterWall-mounted gutter Use tie-wraps Use tie-wraps Ladder racks Ladder racks


Stringing cable in an attic, or Stringing cable in an attic, or room with a dropped ceilingroom with a dropped ceiling A telepole is a telescoping pole with a A telepole is a telescoping pole with a

hook at one end to hold the cable. It is hook at one end to hold the cable. It is used to string cable across a dropped used to string cable across a dropped ceiling or attic quickly.ceiling or attic quickly.

Used in areas where it’s cramped, Used in areas where it’s cramped, dark, dusty, and there’s poor air dark, dusty, and there’s poor air circulationcirculation

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingFishing cable from above a Fishing cable from above a wallwall

When you fish cable through a wall When you fish cable through a wall you ordinarily work from an attic or a you ordinarily work from an attic or a dropped ceiling spacedropped ceiling space..

Locate the top plate of the wall, and drill Locate the top plate of the wall, and drill a 19 mm hole through it. a 19 mm hole through it.

feed fish tape through the hole you feed fish tape through the hole you drilled, down into the wall drilled, down into the wall

Your helper below you should grab the Your helper below you should grab the tape when he sees ittape when he sees it

Then he should tape the UTP cable to Then he should tape the UTP cable to the hook of the fish tapethe hook of the fish tape

Then you can pull the cable up through Then you can pull the cable up through the wallthe wall

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingFishing cable from below a Fishing cable from below a wallwall

You can fish horizontal cable from a You can fish horizontal cable from a basement to the work areas on the first floorbasement to the work areas on the first floor

Drill a 3.2 mm hole, at an angle, through the first Drill a 3.2 mm hole, at an angle, through the first floorfloor

Push a coat hanger into the hole to indicate the Push a coat hanger into the hole to indicate the spot when you are in the basement. spot when you are in the basement.

Go to the basement and locate the wire. Go to the basement and locate the wire. Mark the spotMark the spot Drill a new hole in this spotDrill a new hole in this spot Push the cable up through this second hole, to Push the cable up through this second hole, to

the wall opening where the work area outlet is the wall opening where the work area outlet is locatedlocated


Wiring ClosetWiring Closet A wiring closet can either be a specially designed A wiring closet can either be a specially designed

room or cabinet. Equipment in a wiring closet room or cabinet. Equipment in a wiring closet include:include: Patch PanelsPatch Panels Wiring HubsWiring Hubs BridgesBridges SwitchesSwitches RoutersRouters

When you have more than one wiring closet in a When you have more than one wiring closet in a network, one closet is designated as the MDF and network, one closet is designated as the MDF and all the others are IDFsall the others are IDFs


Patch PanelsPatch Panels A patch panel is an interconnecting device that A patch panel is an interconnecting device that

acts as a switchboard, where horizontal cables acts as a switchboard, where horizontal cables coming from workstations, can connect to other coming from workstations, can connect to other networking devices to form a LANnetworking devices to form a LAN

The front of a patch panel resemble the ports on The front of a patch panel resemble the ports on faceplates of telecomm outlets in the work area. faceplates of telecomm outlets in the work area.

The back of a patch panel rows of pins, much The back of a patch panel rows of pins, much like those in an RJ-45 jacklike those in an RJ-45 jack


Laying wires in a patch panelLaying wires in a patch panel Lay down cable wires in ascending order, by Lay down cable wires in ascending order, by

cable number. cable number. Keep the ends of the cable centered above the Keep the ends of the cable centered above the

pin locations pin locations Keep the jacket within 6.4 mm of the pin Keep the jacket within 6.4 mm of the pin

locations in order to avoid exposing too much locations in order to avoid exposing too much wire. wire.

Don’t untwist the wire pairs any more than Don’t untwist the wire pairs any more than necessary necessary


Punch ToolsPunch Tools

A punch tool has spring-loaded actions. A punch tool has spring-loaded actions. This allows it to perform 3 functions:This allows it to perform 3 functions:

Pushes the wire between two metal pinsPushes the wire between two metal pins Skins the sheath from the wire (so that it can Skins the sheath from the wire (so that it can

make an electrical connection with the pins) make an electrical connection with the pins) The punch tool's blade also cuts off any extra The punch tool's blade also cuts off any extra

wire.wire.


Mounting a patch panelMounting a patch panel You can mount patch panels:You can mount patch panels:

On wallsOn walls On distribution racksOn distribution racks In a cabinetIn a cabinet

A distribution rack is a simple skeletal frame that holds A distribution rack is a simple skeletal frame that holds equipment such as patch panels, repeaters, hubs, and equipment such as patch panels, repeaters, hubs, and routers. routers. Advantage is that it allows easy access to the front and the back Advantage is that it allows easy access to the front and the back

of equipmentof equipment Height 1-1.9mHeight 1-1.9m Width 0.5mWidth 0.5m


Network Operation TestingNetwork Operation Testing

The baseline is the set of data about your The baseline is the set of data about your network:network: Taken when network is operating at Taken when network is operating at an an

acceptable level acceptable level Used to compare current measurements with Used to compare current measurements with

the recorded measurements that were taken the recorded measurements that were taken when the system was known to be operating when the system was known to be operating properly properly


Cable testing equipmentCable testing equipment

A cable tester is a hand held device that A cable tester is a hand held device that can certify that cable meets the required can certify that cable meets the required IEEE and TIA/EIA standardsIEEE and TIA/EIA standards

Some can provide printouts, others can be Some can provide printouts, others can be attached to a PC to create a data fileattached to a PC to create a data file..


Tests performed by cable Tests performed by cable testerstesters

determine cable distancedetermine cable distance locate bad connectionslocate bad connections provide wire maps for detecting crossed pairsprovide wire maps for detecting crossed pairs measure signal attenuation measure signal attenuation measure near-end crosstalk measure near-end crosstalk detect split pairs detect split pairs perform noise level tests perform noise level tests trace cable behind walls trace cable behind walls


Cable testers and distance Cable testers and distance measurementsmeasurements

Time domain reflectometers (TDRs), Time domain reflectometers (TDRs), measure the distance to open-ended, measure the distance to open-ended, or shorted, cableor shorted, cable They do it by sending an electrical pulse They do it by sending an electrical pulse

through the cablethrough the cable Device then times the signal's reflection Device then times the signal's reflection

from the end of the cable.from the end of the cable. Accurate to within 60 cmAccurate to within 60 cm


Time Domain Reflectometers Time Domain Reflectometers In order for it to determine which connections in In order for it to determine which connections in

a cable run are faulty,a cable run are faulty, Attach the TDR to the patch cord at the patch paneAttach the TDR to the patch cord at the patch panell

If it reports the distance to the patch panel, instead of a more If it reports the distance to the patch panel, instead of a more distance point, then you know there is a connection problem distance point, then you know there is a connection problem at that levelat that level

Then you can measure through the RJ-45 jack Then you can measure through the RJ-45 jack located at the telecomm outlet. located at the telecomm outlet.

If it reports the distance to the patch panel, instead of a more If it reports the distance to the patch panel, instead of a more distance point, then you know there is a connection problem distance point, then you know there is a connection problem at that levelat that level


Wire MapsWire Maps When wires are connected in reversed order, When wires are connected in reversed order,

they are referred to as they are referred to as crossed pairscrossed pairs The connections are not good, and must be The connections are not good, and must be

redoneredone A wire map indicates which wire pairs connect to A wire map indicates which wire pairs connect to

which pins and detects crossed-pairswhich pins and detects crossed-pairs Causes crosstalkCauses crosstalk


Crossed PairsCrossed PairsA crossed pair would be taking 1 and putting it in 2 on the other end. This is correct wiring


Split pairsSplit pairs

When wires split, they are no longer part When wires split, they are no longer part of the same circuiof the same circuitt

Therefore they provide no cancellation; no Therefore they provide no cancellation; no protectionprotection

Resulting in crosstalkResulting in crosstalk Detected by visual inspection and Detected by visual inspection and

crosstalk measurementscrosstalk measurements


Split pairsSplit pairsPairs are supposed to be 1-2 and 3-6


Signal AttenuationSignal Attenuation

A reduction in the power of a signal is A reduction in the power of a signal is called attenuationcalled attenuation

A signal injector sends out a signal onto A signal injector sends out a signal onto the cable which is attached on the other the cable which is attached on the other end to a cable testerend to a cable tester


Sources of noiseSources of noise

florescent lights florescent lights heatersheaters radios radios televisions televisions computers computers motion sensors motion sensors radar radar motors motors electronic devices of all kindselectronic devices of all kinds


CrosstalkCrosstalkSummarySummary Causes of crosstalk include:Causes of crosstalk include:

Split pairsSplit pairs Crossed pairsCrossed pairs Cable pulled too tightlyCable pulled too tightly Untwisted too much at the patch panelUntwisted too much at the patch panel Outside interferenceOutside interference

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Structured Cabling Project Chapter 9 Paul Flynn...

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