Infants’ understanding of communicative interactions, Alia martin
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Transcript of Infants’ understanding of communicative interactions, Alia martin
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Infants’ understanding of communicative interactions
Talk at Kyoto Institute of Technology July 11, 2015
Alia Martin Harvard University
Lecturer, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand (2016)
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“cup!”
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“cup!”
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1. Recognizing a communicative signal
2. Resolving communicative ambiguity
3. Prioritizing a communicator’s intentions
Outline
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1. Recognizing a communicative signal
2. Resolving communicative ambiguity
3. Prioritizing a communicator’s intentions
Talk Outline
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Can infants recognize a communicative signal?
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“cup!”
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“cup!”
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*cough*
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*cough*
?
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“cup!”
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“cup!” koppu!
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“cup!”
tasse! becher!
taza! katora! koppu!
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Do infants recognize that speech is communicative?
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Infant attention to speech
• Infants prefer speech to other sounds (Vouloumanos & Werker, 2004; 2007; Shultz & Vouloumanos, 2010)
• 6-month-olds recognize speech is human-produced and human-directed (Vouloumanos et al., 2009; Legerstee et al., 2000)
• 10-month-olds expect mutual gaze between speakers (Beier & Spelke, 2011)
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Infant attention to speech
• Newborns prefer speech to other sounds (Vouloumanos & Werker, 2004; 2007; Shultz & Vouloumanos, 2010)
• 6-month-olds recognize speech is
human-produced and human-directed (Vouloumanos et al., 2009; Legerstee et al., 2000)
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• Newborns prefer speech to other sounds (Vouloumanos & Werker, 2004; 2007; Shultz & Vouloumanos, 2010)
• 6-month-olds recognize speech is
human-produced and human-directed (Vouloumanos et al., 2009; Legerstee et al., 2000)
Infant attention to speech
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Do infants recognize that speech is communicative?
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Do infants recognize that speech is communicative?
12-month-olds
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Procedure
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Procedure
Communicator Addressee
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Procedure
Communicator Addressee
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Communicator Familiarization
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Addressee Familiarization
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Test
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Test
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Speech “Koba!”
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Cough *cough*
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Target Non-target
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Speech Cough Recipient Speech
Loo
king
Tim
e (
s)
Target
Non-target
Results
*
*
Martin, Onishi, & Vouloumanos, 2012
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Speech Cough Recipient Speech
Loo
king
Tim
e (
s)
Target
Non-target
Results
*
*
Martin, Onishi, & Vouloumanos, 2012
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Interim summary
• 12-month-olds recognize that speech can transfer information about an object, but coughing cannot
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Interim summary
• 12-month-olds recognize that speech can transfer information about an object, but coughing cannot – even though infants themselves always
have information about the target
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Interim summary
• 12-month-olds recognize that speech can transfer information about an object, but coughing cannot – even though infants themselves always
have information about the target
• Communication, or mere presence of speech?
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Communicator Familiarization
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Addressee Familiarization
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Test “koba!”
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Test
Target Non-target
“koba!”
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Speech Cough Recipient Speech
Loo
king
Tim
e (
s)
Target
Non-target
Results
Martin, Onishi, & Vouloumanos, 2012
*
* *
Addressee Speech
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Do 6-month-old infants recognize that speech is
communicative?
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• understand some common words used in their environment (Bergelson & Swingley, 2012; Tincoff & Jusczyk, 1999; 2012)
• no evidence for learning a word in a single trial
6-month-olds…
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6-month-olds…
• understand some common words used in their environment (Bergelson & Swingley, 2012; Tincoff & Jusczyk, 1999; 2012)
• no evidence for learning a word in a single trial
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“****”
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Speech Cough Cough + Visual Access
Loo
king
Tim
e (
s)
Target
Non-Target
*
Results: 6-month-olds
Vouloumanos, Martin, & Onishi, 2014
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Speech Cough Cough + Visual Access
Loo
king
Tim
e (
s)
Target
Non-Target
Results: 6-month-olds
*
*
Vouloumanos, Martin, & Onishi, 2014
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Information transfer
Target Non-target
“****”
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Communicator Familiarization Addressee Visual Access
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Addressee Familiarization
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Test *cough*
Target Non-target
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Speech Cough Cough + Visual Access
Loo
king
Tim
e (
s)
Target
Non-Target
Results: 6-month-olds
*
*
Vouloumanos, Martin, & Onishi, 2014
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Speech Cough Cough + Visual Access
Loo
king
Tim
e (
s)
Target
Non-Target
*
* *
*
Results: 6-month-olds
Vouloumanos, Martin, & Onishi, 2014
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Discussion
• 6- and 12-month-old infants recognize that the form of speech is communicative – transfers information from one person to
another
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Discussion
• 6- and 12-month-old infants recognize that the form of speech is communicative – transfers information from one person to
another
• May provide a mechanism for language and knowledge acquisition
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THANKS! Collaborators
Athena Vouloumanos
Kris Onishi