Industrial Training Report of BHEL Haridwar

8/10/2019 Industrial Training Report of BHEL Haridwar

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TRAINING REPORT

OF

SIX MONTHS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING, UNDERTAKEN

AT

Bharat Heavy Electrcal! L"te# $BHEL%, Har#&ar'

IN

ME(HANI(AL DEPARTMENT'

ON

PRO)E(T*+ORK ASSIGNED'

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE

OF

BA(HELOR OF TE(HNOLOG

IN

ME(HANI(AL BRAN(H

U-#er the G.#a-ce /01 S.2"tte# By1

Na"e1 Mr3S3HALDHAR Na"e1 D4v5ay 5.-e5a

De!4-at/-1 MANAGER (/lle4e R/ll N/31 6789:;

De


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

S.ch Tha->! I Gve

A! /-e -ear #eath t/ th/!e &!h h" lve3?

666Sha>e!


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INDEX

PA7E N5

1. SA6ET9 A3T

:. 35/PAN9 PR56ILE ;

5VERVIE- T5 HEL

INTRERNATI5NAL 5PERATI5NS 1? USINESS A3TIVITIES :0

3LASSI6I3ATI5N 56 PR5DU3TS :;

HEEP PLANT, HARID-AR :?

. DES3RIPTI5N 56 > L53S :

4. L53 @ TURINE LADES 4>

ALAN3IN7 TUNNEL ;: ;. PR5JE3T 5N STEA/ TURINE ;>

INTR5DU3TI5N ;>

T9PES ;? /ATERIAL SELE3TI5N


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SAFETY

S S%ien%e '"! Sel' 8 S"%iet#

A A!t "' A%ti"n '"! A%%i+en%e Av"i+an%e6 6""lp!""' *it( 'ailsa'e +evi%es

E Enginee!ing %"nt!"l t" s#stem

T T!aining 8 Tea%(ing t" all

9 9a!+sti%) t" save (manit#

6a%t"! Impen+ing t(e Sa'et#C

Pe!s"nal 6a%t"!s III (ealt(, Age, P(#si%al +isa&ilit#

P(#si"l"gi%al 6a%t"!s -"!) envi!"nmental 'a%t"!s p!"&lems, Rest pase %#%le.

Ps#%("l"gi%al 6a%t"!s -"!!ies, +ep!essi"n, agg!essi"n.

S"%i"l"gi%al 6a%t"!s

a2 Sa'et# lite!at!e in !egi"nal langage, ten+en%# '"! &a!gaining '"! nsa'e

8 n(ealt(# *"!)ing %"n+iti"ns.&2 La%) "' inte!est in t(e $"&empl"#ment.

J"& 3limate 8 its De'e%ts "n attit+e J"& t!aining, In%"mpletent!aine+,

Spe!vis"!# pe!s"nal, p""! *"!)ing %"n+iti"ns, p"liti%al inte!'e!en%e.

Unsafe Act

A&se "' sa'et# +evises.

Unsa'e *"!)ing p!"%e+!e.

/"ving nea! !nning pa!t "' t(e ma%(ines.

H"!sepla#, Use "' +!g, a!!elling.

La%) "' pe!s"nal p!"te%tive eipment.

La%) "' attenti"n.

Unsafe Conditions

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Ina+eate ma%(ine ga!+ing.

De'e%tive t""ls

Unsa'e +esign%"nst!%ti"n "' t(e *"!) pla%e.

Imp!"pe! illminati"n.

EF%ess N"ise

P""! ("sing )eeping

EF%ess (eat in *"!) pla%e

Safety is the responsibility of every one

5ne (as n"t "nl# t" p!"vi+e Sa'e 8 est p!"+%t &t als" %!eate a %limate *(e!e

t(e sa'e "pe!ati"n %an &e p"ssi&le.

T(e sa'et# means, n"t "nl# t" p!event t(e a%%i+ent &t als"

3"nt!"l "' "%%pati"nal (ealt(

T" ma)e ma%(ine "! eipment "! sitati"n t"tall# sa'e.

Ta)ing in min+ '"! sa'e "pe!ati"n a%tivities '"! man, ma%(ine, mate!ial 8

m"ne#.

;


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Company Profile


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BE!

AN OVERVIEW:

In 1?;< In+ia t"") a ma$"! step t"*a!+s t(e esta&lis(ment "' its (eav#

enginee!ing in+st!# *(en Bharat Heavy Electrcal! Lt#3,HEL2 setp at ("pal. Itp!"g!esse+ !api+l# an+ t(!ee m"!e 'a%t"!ies *ent int" p!"+%ti"n in 1?


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Bharat Heavy Electrcal L"te# $BHEL%is t(e la!gest enginee!ing ente!p!ise "' its

)in+ in In+ia an+ is "ne "' t(e ma$"! p"*e! plant eipment man'a%t!e!s in t(e *"!l+.

HELs man'a%t!ing 'a%ilities a!e %"mpa!a&le *it( t(e &est in t(eworld with modern

+esign, enginee!ing, mate!ial p!epa!ati"n, 'a&!i%ati"n, *el+ing, (eat t!eatment, (an+ling,

testing an+ s(ipping 'a%ilities. HEL "''e!s %st"me!s *"!l+*i+e a *i+e !ange "'p!"+%ts an+ se!vi%es t(at %"n'"!m t" t(e (ig(est inte!nati"nal alit# stan+a!+s an+

spe%i'i%ati"ns *it( t(e a++e+ a+vantages "' s("!te! +elive!# pe!i"+s an+ %"mpetitive

p!i%es. HEL (as spplie+ &"ile!s an+ aFilia!ies a%%"nting '"! nea!l# @0G "' t(e t"tal

installe+ t(e!mal p"*e! gene!ati"n %apa%it# in In+ia. HEL tilit# &"ile!s a%%"nt '"!"ve! 4. Jag+is(p! IP an+ Va!anasis HERP sta!te+

>
http://bhelmain%28%29/http://bhelmain%28%29/


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t(ei! $"!ne#s in 1?>4. R+!ap! g"t !e%"gniti"n in 1?>4.7!ga"ns ASS3P is als" a pa!t

"' HEL.

T(is #ea! t(e ;0t(annive!sa!# "' HEL (as &een %"mplete+. 5n t(is p!estigi"s eve, t(e

%"mpan# (as spent Rs. 1@, 41,:;0 "n ing 1@000 )g s*eets, *(i%( (as &een

+ist!i&te+ am"ng all t(e empl"#ees %"n%e!ne+ *it( HEL. Als", t(e %"mpan# (as gi'te+g"l+ %"ins "' :; g!ams ea%(, *"!t( Rs. :;000 app!"Fimatel#, t" all its empl"#ees "n t(is

spe%ial "%%asi"n.

Aime+ at p!epa!ing t" meet t(e %"nt!#s p"*e! %apa%it# a++iti"n ta!gets t"*a!+ t(e

agen+a "' p!"vi+ing p"*e! t" all :01:, HEL is investing m"!e t(en Rs. 1


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"A#I$US FACT$#IES $F BE! AND

TEI#

%AIN $DUCTS

FA(TORIES

BHOPAL Heavy Electrcal E@., HEL man'a%t!e+ p"*e! eipment t"taling a&"t ::000/-.

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T(e ta&le %"ntaining names "' +i''e!ent nits "' t(e %"mpan# *it( t(ei! !espe%tive %ities,

#ea!s "' %"mmissi"ning an+ %"mmen%ement "' p!"+%ti"n is !elevant,

Na"e /0 the

.-t Na"e /0 the cty ear E!ht2#3

ear I

P#t-3*"er4er

HEP H5PAL 1?;< 1?


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RUDRAPUR 1?>4

ASS3P 7UR7A5N

!$CATI$N

L/cat/-1 6Sitate+ in t(e '""t (ills "' S(ivali) !ange in Ha!i+*a!. T(e mainA+minist!ative &il+ing is at a +istan%e "' a&"t > )m '!"m Ha!i+*a!.

A##re!!1 6(a!at Heav# Ele%t!i%al Limite+ Ranip!, Ha!i+*a!

PIN :4?40

Area1 6HEL Ha!i+*a! %"nsists "' t*" man'a%t!ing nits, namel# Heav#Ele%t!i%al Eipment Plant HEEP2 an+ 3ent!al 6"n+!# 6"!ge Plant366P2, (aving a!ea

HEEPC >4; s. )m 366PC 1.0 s. )m

T(e HEEP, 366P plant 8 P3RI a!e l"%ate+ at Ranip! nea! t(e H"l# 7anges 3it#HARD-AR "n t(e "ne si+e 8 t(e pi%t!ese S(ivali) '""t(ills "n t(e "t(e! si+e "' it.It is a&"t :00 ms. t" t(e n"!t( "' Ne* Del(i.

A pa!a+ise '"! nat!el"ve!s, Ha!i+*a!p!esents )alei+"s%"pe "' In+ian %lt!e an+

%iviliati"n. Ha!i+*a! als" te!me+ as K7ate*a# t" 7"+sK is )n"*n as /a#ap!i, apila,

an+ 7anga+*a! as *ell. T(e '"ll"*e!s "' L"!+ S(iva Ha!2 an+ '"ll"*e!s "' L"!+Vis(n Ha!i2 p!"n"n%e t(is pla%e Ha!+*a! an+ Ha!i+*a! !espe%tivel# as t"l+

s"me. It is als" a p"int "' ent!# t" Dev (""mi an+ 3(aa! D(am 6"! main %ente!s "'

pilg!image in Utta!an%(al2 Vi. a+!inat(, e+a!nat(, 7ang"t!i an+ 9amn"t!i.

A!%(ae"l"gi%al 'in+ing (ave p!"ve+ t(at te!!a%"tta %lt!e +ating &et*een 1@00 .3.

an+ 1:00 .3. eFiste+ in t(is !egi"n. Legen+a!# )ing (agi!at( is sai+ t" (ave &!"g(tt(e !ive! 7anga '!"m (eaven t" ea!t( in "!+e! t" p!"vi+e salvati"n t" (is an%est"!s. It is

als" sai+ t(at Ha!i+*a! (as &een san%ti'ie+ t(e p!esen%e "' t(!ee 7"+s !a(ma,Vis(n an+ /a(es(. L"!+ Vis(n is sai+ t" (ave (is '""t p!int "n t(e st"ne t(at is set in

t(e ppe! *all "' Ha!iPa!i *(e!e t(e H"l# 7anga t"%(es it all t(e times. Dev"t

&elieve!s 'eel t(at t(e# %an g" t" (eaven getting t(ei! salvati"n a'te! a +ip in t(esa%!e+ 7anga at Ha!i+*a!.

1:


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Ha!i+*a! is als" "ne "' t(e '"! pla%es *(e!e m&( /ela "%%!s a'te! !"tati"n "'

eve!# t*elve 9ea!s an+ A!+( m&( a'te! eve!# siF #ea!s. It is sai+ t(at +!"ps "' Am!it

EliFi!2 'ell in t" t(e !a(m)n+ "' Ha!iPai!i, t(e!e'"!e %"nsi+e!e+ t(at a +ip in t(e!a(ma)n+ "n t(is pa!ti%la! +a# *(i%( is ve!# aspi%i"s an+ *(en Jpite!

!a(aspati2 %"mes t" t(e sign Aa!is m&(2 "n%e in eve!# t*elve #ea!s t(e /a(a

m&( 'ai! is %ele&!ate+ at Ha!i+*a!. m&(, 1??> *as t(e last /a(a m&( "' t(is%ent!#. 9et &e#"n+ t(e m#sti% a!a an+ m#t("l"g#, Ha!i+*a! %asts an"t(e! magi% spell

"n t(e visit"!. eing "ne "' t(e "l+est living %ities, Ha!i+*a! 'in+s its menti"n in t(e

an%ient Hin+ s%!ipt!es as it *aves t(!"g( t(e li'e an+ time st!et%(ing '!"m t(epe!i"+ "' t(e ++(a t" t(e m"!e !e%ent !itis( a+vent. Ha!i+*a! (as n"t "nl#

!emaine+ t(e a&"+e "' t(e *ea!# in &"+#, min+ an+ spi!it, &t als" se!ve+ as %ent!e "'

att!a%ti"n '"! man#, '"! lea!ning t(e a!ts s%ien%e an+ %lt!e. Ha!i+*a!Ks l"ng stan+ing

p"siti"n as a g!eat s"!%e '"! A#!ve+i% me+i%ines an+ (e!&al !eme+ies as *ell as itsnie 7!)l s%(""l "' t!a+iti"nal e+%ati"n, t(e s%eni% &eat# an+ ls(

g!eene!#...all give t(e %it# nie 'lav"!s an+ %(a!m a mst am"ng t(e s"$"!n %ente!s

in a +is%"ve!e!Ks intina!# "' Utta!an%(al A +estinati"n '"! all seas"ns.

Ha!i+*a! is "ne "' t(e 'i!st t"*ns *(e!e 7anga eme!ges '!"m t(e m"ntains t" t"%(

t(e planes. An+ t(atKs *(# t(e *ate! is %!#stal %lea! an+ %""l. Ls( g!een '"!ests an+

small p"n+s a++ t" t(e s%eni% &eat# "' t(is ("l# lan+. T(e Ra$a$i Nati"nal Pa!) is $st

10 )ms '!"m Ha!i+*a!. Its an i+eal +estinati"n '"! *il+ li'e an+ a+vent!e l"ve!s. In t(eevening t(e g(ats l"") &!eat(ta)ingl# &eati'l as t("san+s "' +i#as lamps2 an+

ma!ig"l+ 'l"*e!s 'l"at an+ illminate t(e ("l# *ate!s.

Ha!i+*a! as t"+a# (as n"t "nl# !eligi"s imp"!tan%e &t it (as an"t(e! temple "' m"+e!n

%iviliati"n i.e. HEL, a Nav!atna PSUK t" its %!e+it. T(e R""!)ee Unive!sit# at R""!)eeis "ne "' t(e "l+est an+ p!estigi"s instittes "' lea!ning in t(e 'iel+s "' s%ien%e an+

enginee!ing. An"t(e! nive!sit# "' t(e +ist!i%t i.e. 7!)l (aving vast %amps isgiving t!a+iti"nal e+%ati"ns "' its "*n )in+.

Ha!i+*a! +ist!i%t, %"ve!ing a vast lan+s%ape is in t(e *este!n pa!t "' Utta!an%(al state "'

In+ia. Its latit+e an+ l"ngit+e a!e :?.00 +eg!ee n"!t( an+ @>.;> +eg!ee east !espe%tivel#.T(e (eig(t '!"m t(e sea level is :4?.@ m. T(e +ist!i%t %ame int" eFisten%e "n :>t(De%.

1?>>. P!i"! t" its in%lsi"n in t(e ne*l# %!eate+ state "' Utta!an%(al, t(is +ist!i%t *as a

pa!t "' Sa(a!anp! Divisi"nal 3"mmissi"na!#. T(e +ist!i%t is !inge+ Sa(a!anp! in t(e*est, De(!a+n in t(e n"!t( an+ east, Pa!i 7a!(*al in t(e east, /a''a! Naga! an+

i$n"! in t(e s"t(. T(e +ist!i%t (ea+a!te! is sitate+ in t(e R"s(na&a+, at a +istan%e "'

a&"t 1: )ms '!"m !ail*a# stati"n. T(e 3"lle%t"!ate, Vi)as (a*an, Dist!i%t J+i%ia!#,

S.S.P. 5''i%e, P"li%e line, Dist!i%t Jail, Dist!i%t sp"!ts sta+im, Ja*a(a! Nav"+a#aVi+#ala#a et%. a!e t(e p!ime esta&lis(ments "' t(is a!ea. T(e +ist!i%t is a+minist!ativel#

s&+ivi+e+ int" t(!ee te(sils i.e. Ha!i+*a!, R""!)ee an+ La)sa! an+ siF +evel"pment

&l"%)s i.e. (ag*anp!, R""!)ee, Na!san, a(a+!a&a+, La)sa! an+ (anp!. Ha!i+*a! is"ne "' t(e 'i!st t"*ns *(e!e 7anga eme!ges '!"m t(e m"ntains t" t"%( t(e planes. As

pe! t(e :001 %enss, t(e p"plati"n "' t(e +ist!i%t is 14, 44,:1. De t" Ha!i+*a!Ks

l"%ati"n "n t(e &an) "' !ive! 7anga, it (as plent# "' *ate! !es"!%es an+ alm"st all )in+

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"' '""+ g!ains a!e p!"+%e+ (e!e in a&n+an%e. 6"! m"!e statisti%al +etails, #" ma# see

KDist!i%t at a glan%eK "n t(is *e& site.

BE!' A#ID(A#

Bharat Heavy Electrcal! L"te# $BHEL% in Ha!i+*a! is )n"*n t(e *"!l+ "ve!.Sitate+ in t(e valle# "' t(e pi%t!ese Sivali) !anges "' t(e Himala#as, "n t(e &an)s "'

7anga, Ha!i+*a! (as al*a#s &een a pla%e "' !eligi"s signi'i%an%e. T(e 'i!st P!ime

/iniste! "' in+epen+ent In+ia, Pt. Ja*a(a!lal Ne(!, esta&lis(e+ t(e Heav# Ele%t!i%alEipment Limite+M in Ha!i+*a! in 1?? t" man'a%t!e

a+van%e+ la!ge gas t!&ines "' a+van%e+ te%(nies in t(e 'iel+ "' p"*e!. T(e Ha!i+*a!

plant als" s%%ess'll# a%%"mplis(e+ t(e "!+e!s "' :; /- steam gene!at"!s an+ ;00

/- steam t!&ines an+ gene!at"!s. T(e Ha!i+*a! plant (as man'a%t!e+ a&"t 10t(e!mal sets *(i%( a!e installe+ in va!i"s t(e!mal p"*e! stati"ns a%!"ss t(e %"nt!#

*(i%( '"!m t(e &a%)&"ne "' In+ias p"*e! gene!ati"n %apa&ilit#.

HEL is t(e la!gest enginee!ing an+ man'a%t!ing ente!p!ise in In+ia in t(e ene!g#!elate+in'!ast!%t!e se%t"! t"+a#. Esta&lis(ment "' HEL s(e!e+ in t(e in+igen"s

Heav# Ele%t!i%al Eipment in+st!# in In+ia a +!eam t(at (as &een m"!e t(an !ealie+*it( a *ell!e%"gnie+ t!a%) !e%"!+ "' pe!'"!man%e. T(e %"mpan# (as &een ea!ningp!"'its %"ntin"sl# sin%e 1?@1@: an+ pa#ing +ivi+en+s sin%e 1?@


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se!ve its %st"me!s an+ p!"vi+e t(em *it( sita&le p!"+%ts, s#stems an+ se!vi%es

e''i%ientl# an+ at %"mpetitive p!i%es. T(e (ig( level "' alit# 8 !elia&ilit# "' its p!"+%ts

is +e t" t(e emp(asis "n +esign, enginee!ing an+ man'a%t!ing t" inte!nati"nalstan+a!+s a%i!ing an+ a+apting s"me "' t(e &est te%(n"l"gies '!"m lea+ing

%"mpanies in t(e *"!l+, t"get(e! *it( te%(n"l"gies +evel"pe+ in its "*n R8D %ente!s.

As a !eslt "' in%essant an+ eFtensive inn"vati"n, t(is plant (as &e%"me "ne "' t(e mainman'a%t!es "' (#+!" sets. It (as 'a%ilities "' enginee!ing an+ man'a%t!ing aplan,

6!an%is, Palten an+ !eve!si&le (#+!" sets. T" !emain %"mpetitive an+ meet %st"me!sK

eFpe%tati"ns, HEL la#s g!eat emp(asis "n t(e %"ntin"s p g!a+ati"n "' p!"+%ts an+!elate+ te%(n"l"gies, an+ +evel"pment "' ne* p!"+%ts. HELKs %"mmitment t"

a+van%ement "' te%(n"l"g# is !e'le%te+ in its inv"lvement in t(e +evel"pment "'

't!isti% te%(n"l"gies li)e 'el %ells an+ spe!%"n+%ting gene!at"!s. HELKs investment

in R8D is am"ngst t(e la!gest in t(e %"!p"!ate se%t"! in In+ia. A s"p(isti%ate+ an+m"+e!n (#+!" t!&ine !esea!%( %ente! p!"vi+es 'a%ilities "' m"+el %"nst!%ti"n an+

!esea!%( in metal enginee!ing, +esign an+ t!&ine m"+el.

6"! t(e t!eatment "' %an%e!, t(e Ha!i+*a! plant man'a%t!e+ a 4 /IV Linea!A%%ele!at"! an+ esta&lis(e+ a ne* !e%"!+ in t(e 'iel+ "' p!"+%ti"n "' me+i%al t!eatment

+evi%es. Initiall# t(ese t#pes "' (ite%(, mi%!"*ave &ase+ p!"+%ts *e!e "nl# &eing

man'a%t!e+ in U.S.A., 7e!man#, H"llan+, Japan an+ 6!an%e. HEL Ha!i+*a! (as als"

ente!e+ int" t(e 'iel+ "' ai!%!a'ts man'a%t!ing. In t(e 'i!st p(ase, t*" lig(t *eig(tpassenge! ai!%!a'ts name+ OS*ati *e!e %"nst!%te+.

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C$%&ANY)S "ISI$N' %ISSI$N AND

"A!UES

ISION A *"!l+ 3lass Enginee!ing Ente!p!ise 3"mmitte+ t"

En(an%ing Sta)e("l+e! Valve.

MISSION T" &e an In+ian /ltinati"nal Enginee!ing Ente!p!ise

p!"vi+ing T"tal siness S"lti"n t(!"g( =alit#

P!"+%ts, S#stems an+ Se!vi%es in t(e 'iel+ "' Ene!g#,

In+st!#, T!ansp"!tati"n, In'!ast!%t!e an+ "t(e!

p"tential a!eas.

ALUES eal t" EF%el an+ est '"! 3(ange.

Integ!it# an+ 6ai!ness in all /atte!s.

Respe%t '"! Dignit# an+ P"tential "' In+ivi+al.

St!i%t A+(e!en%e t" 3"mmitments.

Ens!e Spee+ "' Resp"nse.

6"ste! Lea!ning, 3!eativit# an+ Team*"!).

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L"#alt# an+ P!i+e in t(e 3"mpan#.

C$!!AB$#ATI$NS

T(e +ivisi"ns *(i%( *e!e 'i!stl# esta&lis(e+ &e%ame t(e '"n+ati"n '"! in+st!ial

+evel"pment "' In+ia. At t(at time *e *e!e n"t in a p"siti"n t" esta&lis( s%( plants

"&vi"sl# t(e!e *e!e s"me %"lla&"!at"!s '"! t(ese esta&lis(ments a'te!*a!+s *e setpnits *it( 'll# ve!na%la!l# +evel"pe+ te%(n"l"gies.

6"ll"*ing ta&le is s("*ing it,

Na"e /0 the U-t Na"e /0 the (ty

(/lla2/rat/r $Or4-al%

HEP H5PAL AEI U2

HPEP H9DERAAD S35DAEBP5RTS USSR2

HPP TIRU3H9 S35DAEBP5RTS USSR2

HEEP HARID-AR PR5//ASHEBP5RTS USSR2

1@


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366P HARID-AR 3RUES5T L5IRE 6RAN3E2

T(e te%(n"l"gi%al &ase "' HEL in t(e a!ea "' Steam t!&ines an+ T!&" 7ene!at"!s (as

&een %!eate+ a%i!ing te%(n"l"gi%al in'"!mati"n '!"m t(e %"lla&"!at"!s.

Initiall# HEL (a+ %"lla&"!ati"n *it( /s L/- USSR '"! 100 an+ :10 /- sets. In

1?@


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Pr/#.ct! (/lla2/rat/-!

7as t!&ines 7ene!al Ele%t!i% 3".

USA

T&e mills Stein In+st!ies

6!an%e

D!# t#pe t!ans'"!me!s /a# 8 3(!iste

7e!man#

*UA!ITY C$NF$#%ATI$N

Quality policy of BHEL says

T5 /AINTAIN A LEADIN7 P5SITI5N AS A SUPPLIER 56 =UALIT9

PR5DU3TS, S9STE/S 8 SERVI3ES T5 NATI5NAL INTERNATI5NALSTANDARDS T5 /EET THE RE=UIRE/ENTS 56 3UST5/ER

=alit# is in 'a%t a *a# "' li'e in HEL. e it in in%"ming mate!ial, in p!"%ess,ma%(ining, assem&l# "! testing, =alit# is t(e *at%(*"!+. =alit# Ass!an%e 8

3"nt!"l S#stem, =alit# Plans an+ 6iel+ =alit# Ass!an%e a!e ai+s t" t"tal alit#

%"n%ept.

As a testim"n# t" eF%ellent alit# %"ns%i"sness in HEL, V=I *it( a%%!e+itati"n'!"m U, H"llan+ an+ 7e!man# (as %e!ti'ie+ HEEP Ha!+*a! *it( t(e p!estigi"s IS5

?001 '"! all its p!"+%ts an+ se!vi%es.

-e '"ll"* va!i"s Nati"nal Inte!nati"nal stan+a!+s li)e IE3, ANSI, AS/E, DIN et%. atall t(e stages "' p!"+%t %#%le.

1?


20/115

INTE#NATI$NA! $&E#ATI$NS

HARAT HEAV9 ELE3TRI3ALS LI/ITED (as "ve! t(e #ea!s, esta&lis(e+ its

!e'e!en%es in "ve! ;0 %"nt!ies "' t(e *"!l+, !anging '!"m Unite+ States in t(e *est t"

Ne* ealan+ in t(e 'a! east. T(ese !e'e!en%es en%"mpass alm"st t(e enti!e p!"+%t

!ange "' HARAT HEAV9 ELE3TRI3ALS LI/ITED, %"ve!ing t!n)e# p"*e!p!"$e%ts, !e(a&ilitati"n p!"$e%ts, &esi+es a *i+e va!iet# "' p!"+%ts li)e s*it%( gea!,

t!ans'"!me!s, (eat eF%(ange!s, inslat"!s, %astings an+ '"!gings.

S"me "' t(e, ma$"!s%%esses a%(ieve+ t(e %"mpan# (ave &een in 5man, Sa+i A!a&ia, Lia, 7!ee%e,

3#p!s, /alta, Eg#pt, angla+es(, Ae!&ai$an, S!ilan)a, I!a et%. EFe%ti"n "'"ve!seas p!"$e%ts (as als" p!"vi+e+ HARAT HEAV9 ELE3TRI3ALS LI/ITED t(eeFpe!ien%e "' *"!)ing *it( *"!l+ !en"*ne+ %"nslting "!ganiati"n an+ inspe%ti"n

agen%ies.

T(e %"mpan# (as &een s%%ess'l in meeting +eman+ing !ei!ements "' &"t(+"mesti% an+ inte!nati"nal ma!)e!s, in te!ms "' %"mpleFit# "' t(e *"!)s as *ell as t(e

te%(n"l"gi%al, =alit# an+ !ei!ements vi. 6inan%ing pa%)age, eFten+e+ *a!!antees,

ass"%iate+ "pe!ati"ns 8 maintenan%e et%. T(e s%%ess in a!ea "' !e(a&ilitati"n an+ li'eeFtensi"n "' p"*e! p!"$e%ts (as esta&lis(e+ HARAT HEAV9 ELE3TRI3ALS

LI/ITED as a %"mpa!a&le alte!native t" t(e "!iginal eipment man'a%t!e!s '"! s%(

p"*e! plants.

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21/115

BUSINESS ACTI"ITIES

siness a%tivities "' HEL %an &e %lassi'ie+ as

1. P"*e! se%t"! a. 7ene!ati"n

&. T!ansmissi"n

:. In+st!iesa. T!ansp"!tati"n

&. Tele%"mmni%ati"n

%. Rene*a&le ene!g#

+. 5t(e! in+st!ies. Inte!nati"nal "pe!ati"ns

P/&er Ge-erat/- Sect/r

P"*e! gene!ati"n se%t"! %"mp!ises t(e!mal gases (#+!" an+ n%lea! p"*e! plant&siness. As "' 1:004 HEL spplie+ sets a%%"nt "' nea!l# @1:;; /- "!


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%"ntemp"!a!# te%(n"l"g# %"mpa!a&le t" t(e &est in t(e *"!l+, an+ is als" inte!nati"nall#

%"mpetitive.

T(e %"mpan# (as p!"ven eFpe!tise in plant pe!'"!man%e imp!"vement t(!"g(!en"vati"n, m"+e!niati"n an+ p !ating "' a va!iet# "' p"*e! plant eipment, &esi+e

spe%ialie+ )n"*("* "' !esi+al li'e assessment, (ealt( +iagn"sti%s an+ li'e eFtensi"ns

"' plants.

P/&er Tra-!"!!/-

HEL als" spplies a *i+e !ange "' t!ansmissi"n an+ s#stems "' p t" 400 )V %lass.

T(ese in%l+e (ig( v"ltage p"*e! an+ inst!ment t!ans'"!me!s, s(nt an+ se!ies !ea%t"!s,

S6 s*it%( gea!, )V gas inslate+ s&stati"n %apa%it"!s, inslat"!s et%. 6"! e%"n"mi%t!ansmissi"n "' &l) p"*e! "ve! l"ng +istan%es, (ig( v"ltage +i!e%t %!!ent s#stems a!e

spplie+. Se!ies an+ s(nt %"mpensati"n s#stems, t" minimie t!ansmissi"ns l"sses, (aveals" &een spplie+.

Tra-!


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3ement

Sga!

6e!tilie!Re'ine!ies

Pet!"%(emi%als

SteelPape! et%.

T(e !ange "' s#stems an+ eipments spplie+ in%l+es %aptive p"*e! plants, D7 p"*e!plants, (ig( spee+ in+st!ial +!ive t!&ines, in+st!ial &"ile!s an+ aFilia!ies, *aste (eat

!e%"ve!# &"ile!s, gas t!&ines, (eat eF%(ange!s an+ p!ess!e vessels %ent!i'gal

%"mp!ess"!s, ele%t!i%al ma%(ines, pmps, valves, seamless steel t&es an+ p!"%ess

%"nt!"ls.3"nt!"l s#stem '"! p!"%ess in+st!ies an+ %"nt!"l 8 inst!mentati"n s#stems '"! p"*e!

plant '"! p"*e! plants, +e'ense an+ "t(e! appli%ati"ns.

T(e %"mpan# (as %"mmen%e+ man'a%t!e "' la!ge +esalinati"n plants t" (elp agment

t(e sppl# "' +!in)ing *ate! t" pe"ple.

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%ANUFACTU#IN+ FACI!ITIES

HEEP Ha!+*a! plant is eippe+ *it( m"st m"+e!n an+ s"p(isti%ate+ ma%(ine t""ls,

'a%ilities an+ test eipment t" man'a%t!e an+ test gene!at"!s p t" 1000 /- !ating,

*(i%( in%l+eC

/"st m"+e!n mi%alasti% inslati"n plant '"! stat"! &a!s

5ve!spee+ an+ va%m &alan%ing tnnel

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25/115

"ellmann !"t"! sl"t milling ma%(ine p t" maFimm &a!!el lengt( "' @000 mm,

&a!!el +ia. "' 1>00 mm an+ !"t"! *eig(t "' ::; t"ns

T*" %"mpte!ie+ test &e+s t" test la!ge sie gene!at"!s p t" 1000 /-

-"tan 3N3 ("!i"ntal &"!ing ma%(ine

3ente! lat(e ma%(ine p t" maF. lengt( "' 1< m an+ +ia. "' .1; m

Inslati"n li'e en+!an%e test assessment 'a%ilit#

esi+es t(ese, HEEP (as als" set p a 7ene!at"! Resea!%( Institte *it( an "&$e%tive t"+evel"p &asi% )n"*("* an+ )n"**(# t(!"g( eFpe!imental st+ies '"! !elia&le,

e''i%ient an+ "ptimm +esign "' gene!at"!s an+ imp!"ve t(ei! pe!'"!man%e in se!vi%e.

C!ASSIFICATI$N $F $DUCTS

A%%"!+ing t" in+st!ies t" *(i%( t(e# a!e meant t", %lassi'i%ati"n "' t(e p!"+%ts %an &e

+"ne as '"ll"*sC

P/&er 4e-erat/- a-# tra-!"!!/-

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Steam t!&inegene!at"! sets 8 aFilia!ies

"ile! an+ &"ile! aFilia!ies

5n%et(!"g( &"ile!sN%lea! p"*e! gene!ati"n eipment

H#+!" t!&ine gene!at"! sets an+ aFilia!ies

/ini/i%!" H#+!" 7ene!at"! Sets7as T!&ine 7ene!at"! Sets

-aste Heat Re%"ve!# "ile!s

Heat EF%(ange!s3"n+ense!s

"*l /ills an+ T&e /ills

7!avimet!i% 6ee+e!s

Regene!ative Ai! 6!ee Heate!sEle%t!"stati% P!e%ipitat"!s

ag 6ilte!s

Valves

PmpsEle%t!i%al /a%(ines

Piping S#stems

P/&er D!tr2.t/-

S#n%(!"n"s 3"n+ense!s

S*it%(gea!

3"nt!"l gea!

Dist!i&te+ Digital 3"nt!"l '"! P"*e! Stati"nss D%ts

Re%ti'ie!sP"!%elain Inslat"!s3e!alin

Sy!te" C Servce!

T!n)e# Utilit# P"*e! Stati"ns Ep% 3"nt!a%ts

3aptive P"*e! Plants3"gene!ati"n S#stems

3"m&ine+ 3#%le P"*e! Plants

/"+e!niati"n 8 Ren"vati"n 5' P"*e! Stati"ns

RLA St+iesS*it%(#a!+s an+ S&stati"ns

HVD3 T!ansmissi"n S#stems

S(nt an+ Se!ies 3"mpensati"n S#stemsP"*e! S#stem Anal#sis

E!a%ti"n, 3"mmissi"ning 8 5pe!ati"ns

3"nsltan%# 8 3"nst!%ti"n Se!vi%es

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I-#.!tre!

Steam T!&ine 7ene!at"! Sets7as T!&ine 7ene!at"! Sets

Diesel Engine ase+ 7ene!at"!s

In+st!ial S#stem 7ene!at"!sHeat Re%"ve!# Steam 7ene!at"!s

6li+ e+ 3"m&sti"n "ile!s

D!ive 8 /a!ine T!&inesIn+st!ial Heat EF%(ange!s

3ent!i'gal 3"mp!ess"!s

In+st!ial ValvesRea%t"!s

3"lmns

P!ess!e Vessels

Pmps

In+st!ial 6ansSeamless Steel T&es

6a&!i% 6ilte!sA%D% /"t"!s

Va!ia&le Spee+ A% D!ives

Ele%t!"ni% 3"nt!"l gea! an+ At"mati"n

E@.


28/115

-in+ Ele%t!i% 7ene!at"!s

S"la! P"*e!e+ -ate! Pmps

S"la! -ate! Heating S#stemsP("t" V"ltai% S#stems

De'ense Eipments

$B,ECTI"ES

T" plan t(e manp"*e! !ei!ement 8 &+get t(e (man !es"!%es *it( ne%essa!#

ali'i%ati"n, s)ills, aptit+e, me!it 8 sita&ilit# in a%%"!+an%e *it( t(e "!ganiati"nal!ei!ements.

T" ens!e t(at t(e %"mpan# att!a%ts 8 !etains t(e &est "' pe!s"nnel in ea%( "' t(e

a!eas "' 'n%ti"ning.

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T" '"%s "n pla%ement "' empl"#ees in t(e $"& t" *(i%( t(e# a!e &est 'itte+.

T" a+apt t" 8 'l'ill t(e s"%i"e%"n"mi% %"mmitment "' t(e g"vt. t" t(e

n'"!tnatemin"!it# se%ti"ns. T" s#stemati%all# &il+ p a m"+el s#stem '"! t(e gi+an%e "' 8 emlati"n "t(e!

ente!p!ises &"t( in t(e p&li% 8 p!ivate se%t"!s.

Pe!s"nnel 5E 8 P"li%#2

Pe!s"nnel E 8 3 IR2

5pe!ati"n %ell

-el'a!e

3anteen

7ene!al A+minist!ati"n %ell legal

La*

Re%!itment %ell

Liais"n %ell

/anp"*e! Planning

eavy Electrical E-.ip/ent &lant 0EE&1'

arid2ar

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30/115

Heav# Ele%t!i%al Eipment Plant, Ha!i+*a! is "ne "' t(e ma$"! man'a%t!ing nits "'

HEL. It (as a%(ieve+ an all time (ig( t!n"ve! "' Rs. 14 %!"!es in :00; 0< ta)ing t"tal "!+e! &"")t" !e%"!+ Rs. >


31/115

93

3

3

83

73

=3

3

3

;3

T(e!mal sets

H#+!" sets

7as T!&ines 3"m&ine+

3#%le P"*e! Plant.

Ele%t!i%al /a%(ines.

/e+i%al eipment.

Eipment '"! N%lea!

P"*e! Plant.

3"nt!"l Panel.

Aviati"n.

De'ense eipment.

Steam T!&ines 8 T!&" 7ene!at"!s

"' nit sie p t" 1000 /-.

3st"m&ilt %"nventi"nal H#+!" T!&ine "'aplan, 6!an%is 8 Pelt"n *it( mat%(ing

gene!at"!s p t" :;0 /- nit sie.


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$DUCT $FI!E $F CFF&

S!.N". PRODU(T RANGE

93

3

3

83

Steel %astings.

Steel '"!ging s(a'ts.

Rings.

Dis%s.

Up t" ;0 Tp%.*t.

3ast *el+ p t"

>0Tp%.*t.

Up t" ;;Tp%.*t.

/aF. Dia :000 mm.

Lengt( 14m.

/aF. Dia 000mm.

T(i%)ness >00mm.

/aF. Dia. ;00mm.

T(i%)nessva!ia&le.

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Description of 8Blocks


34/115

CHART SHOWING THE DIFFERENT BLOCKS OFB.H.E.L HARDWAR

4

HARAT HEAV9 ELE3TRI3ALS LTD.

HARD+AR

HARDWAR

HEEP $HEAEL E(TRI(AL

EUIPMENT PLANT%

(FFP $(ENTRAL FOUNDAR

FORGED PLANT%

BLO(K61 HEA FABRI(ATION SHOP

BLO(K61 TURBINE MANUFA(TURING BLO(K

BLO(K681 (IM $(OILS C INSULATION MANU6

FA(TURING% BLO(K

BLO(K671 (ONDEN(ER FABRI(ATION C FORGR

BLO(K

BLO(K6=1 FABRI(ATION SHOP, DIE SHOP,

STAMPING SHOP%

BLO(K61 (ARPANTAR SHOP

BLO(K61 HEAT EX(HANGER SHOP

BLO(K691 ELE(TRI(AL MA(HINE SHOP


35/115

DESC#I&TI$N $F 3 B!$C4S $F EE&

BLO(K69T(is is t(e main &l"%) "' HEEP name+ as Ele%t!i%al /a%(ine S("p. T(e mainp!"+%ts "' t(is &l"%) 1 a!e t!&" gene!at"!s, (#+!" gene!at"!s 8 A3 an+ D3 m"t"!s. In

t(is &l"%) t(e!e a!e &a#s *(i%( a!e )n"*n as H/S Heav# /a%(ine S("p2.In t(is s("p

all %"mp"nents "' gene!at"!s 8 m"t"!s a!e man'a%t!e+ "n +i''e!ent ma%(ines s%( asLat(es, ve!ti%al 8 ("!i"ntal &"!ing ma%(ines an+ ve!ti%al 8 ("!i"ntal milling

ma%(ines. T(e!e is als" "ne imp"!tant +ept. 5I 5ve! spee+ alan%ing Installati"n2 in

*(i%( &alan%ing "' R"t"!s "' gene!at"!s 8 m"t"!s is %a!!ie+ "t. -in+ing "' gene!at"!s8 m"t"!s is als" +"ne.

VIEW OF BLOCK - 1

O!TER CASING OF H"DRO GENERATOR

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Some of the important machines of block 1 are as shon ahea!" #

S5DA LATHE /A3HINE -ALDRI3H 3N3 SL5T 3UTTIN7 /3

BLO(K6 T(is is a Heav# 6a&!i%ati"n S("p in *(i%( 'a&!i%ati"n "' all t#pe "' pa!ts "'t!&ines as *ell as gene!at"!s a!e +"ne. In *(i%( inte!nal an+ eFte!nal %asing "' t!&ines

an+ gene!at"!s 'a&!i%ate+. In t(is &l"%) H"ll"* an+ S"li+ la+es "' Steam T!&ines a!e

*el+e+ "n a +is) *(i%( is 'itte+ "n t(e !"t"!.

In t(is &l"%) *"!) is +ivi+e+ int" '"! steps namel# a#1, a#:, a#, an+a#4.In a#1 P!epa!at"!# *"!) is &een +"ne i.e. %tting, s(aping, g!in+ing, p!essing

et%. In a# : 8 a# assem&l# *"!) is +"ne. a#4 is %alle+ H/S Heav# /a%(ine

S("p2 in *(i%( all t#pes "' %"mp"nents "' t!&ine, gene!at"!s an+ m"t"!s a!eman'a%t!e+. In a#4 small Heat EF%(ange! a!e als" man'a%t!e+ *(i%( is se+ in

t!&ines '"! %""ling p!p"se. A Small S(eet /etal S("p is als" a pa!t "' t(is l"%). A

gent!# s("p is als" a pa!t "' t(is &l"%) *(e!e !a* mate!ial is &een )ept an+ t!ansp"!te+ t"+i''e!ent &a#s.

BLO(K6T(is &l"%) is %alle+ T!&ine /an'a%t!ing l"%). T(is &l"%) %"nt!i&tes

maFimm in te!ms "' t!n"ve!. -(e!e steam, 7as 8 H#+!" all t(!ee t#pes "'

t!&ines a!e man'a%t!e+. T(is l"%) als" +ivi+e+ int" 4 a#s. An+ t(ese &a#s

a!e '!t(e! +ivi+e+ int" seve!al se%ti"ns an+ s("ps.

BLO(K66 8 l"%)4 is %alle+ as 3I/ 35ILS 8 INSULATI5N2 L53. In t(is &l"%)%"ils "' 7ene!at"!s 8 m"t"!s a!e ma+e 8 assem&le+. Als" inslati"n "' all D3 8 A3

m"t"!s an+ 7ene!at"!s a!e +"ne. T(e mate!ial "' %"ils is %"ppe! 32, t(e!e a!e small

%!anes, t!"lle#s, %"nve#"!s, 8 t!%)s a!e se+ '"! t!ansp"!tati"n. 3"iling 8 inslati"n "'

all m"t"!s 8 7ene!at"!s "' %apa%it# p t" ;00 /- ma+e in l"%)1 a!e +"ne (e!e *it(t(e (elp "' seve!al ma%(ines 8 manp"*e!. Ele%t!i% %"nt!"l panel 8 %"ppe! &a!s "' t!&"

gene!at"!s a!e als" man'a%t!e+ (e!e. 3"iling "' m"t"! 8 gene!at"!s a!e +"ne *it( (elp

"' taping "pe!ati"n.


37/115

l"%)4 (aving '"ll"*ing t*" se%ti"nsC

1. 3"il an+ inslati"n man'a%t!ing se%ti"n:. A+van%e+ %"nt!"l gea! man'a%t!ing se%ti"n

BLO(K67 Bl/c>; is %alle+ as 35NDENSER 6ARI3ATI5N 8 65R7E L53All t#pe "' %"n+ense! se+ '"! !e'!ige!ati"n p!p"se in t!&ines a!e 'a&!i%ate+ (e!e. T(is

&l"%) is small as %"mpa!e t" l"%):. In t(ese &l"%) +i''e!ent t#pes "' ma%(ines li)e

S&me!ge+ a!% -el+ing ma%(ine, Plane! ma%(ine, 3N3 milling ma%(ines, g!in+ingma%(ine et% a!e se+ '"! 'a&!i%ate+ t(e %"n+ense!s.

BLO(K6= l"%) < is +ivi+e+ int" pa!ts 6a&!i%ati"n s("p, Die s("p, Stamping s("p.

Bl/c>6 T(is l"%) is %alle+ as 3ARPENTR9 SH5P. In t(is l"%) all %a!pent!# *"!) is+"ne s%( as ma)ing "' *""+ patte!n '"! %asting p!p"se, ma)ing "' 'iFt!es.

La!ge *""+ %"ntaine! se+ '"! pa%)ing "' seve!al $"&s li)e +i''e!ent %"mp"nents

"' T!&ines, 7ene!at"!s, m"t"!s et%.

Bl/c>6 T(is is t(e last &l"%) "' Heav# Ele%t!i%al Eipment Plant HEEP2 name+ as

HEAT EB3HAN7ER SH5P. In t(is l"%) all t#pe "' Heat EF%(ange! "' Steam t!&ines

a!e man'a%t!e+. T(is &l"%) als" man'a%t!es p!ess!e vessels. In t(is &l"%) *"!) is+"ne *it( (elp "' seve!al ma%(ines li)e s&me!ge+ a!% *el+ing, Ve!ti%al 8 H"!i"ntal

"!ing ma%(ine et%.

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38/115

B!$C4 5 6 TU#BINE B!$C4

>


39/115

DESC#I&TI$N $F B!$C4 (IT

%ACINES

a# 1 a# : a# a# 4

Heav# /a%(ine S("p

T!&ine 8 Its %"mp"nent

man'a%t!ing2

T!&ine 7"ve!ning

Assem&l#

T""l !""m 5l+ la+e

s("p

H"!i"ntal

"!ing /3

HP, IP, T!&ine

Assl#.

5pe!ating Valves

'"! Steam 6l"*

3"nt!"l

Stan+a!+

IS5 &ase+2

t""ls.

/an'a%t!ing

"' 5l+ Design

la+es

Spe%ial

p!p"set""ls Jigs

8 6iFt!es

A&"t@0000

t""ling in

t!&ineassl#.

3N3Ve!ti%al

"!ing

LP R"t"! Assl#. Ist

7ene!ati"n

la+es Late

1?@0s2

:n+ 7ene!ati"n&la+es Late

1?>0s2

Ram "!e!s LP 3asting

/an'a%t!ing

N"le 8 T(!"ttle

3"nt!"l 7"ve!ning

S#stems

T: P!"'ile

la+es

T4 P!"'ile

la+es

an+ Sa*

/3

3#lin+!i%al

P!"'ile

3#lin+!i%al

P!"'ile

Deep ("le

+!illing /3

1G "' 7ain in

stage

e''i%ien%#"ve! T:

P!"'ile./an'a%t!ing "' LP '!ee

stan+ing &la+es empl"#ing

m"+e!n p!"%esses in T/

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40/115

SALIENT FEATURES

9C /ANU6A3TURIN7 3APAILITIES

3apa&ilit# t" man'a%t!e t(!ee t#pes "' stem t!&ines

6"! '"ssil 'el p"*e! plant HP, LP, IP2 1000/-

6"! n%lea! p"*e! plants ;00/-

6"! %"m&ine+ %#%le p"*e! plants 00/-

T*" t#pes "' +esigns a!e &!"a+l# man'a%t!e+

L/- Lenning metal *"!)s2, Rssian +esign

-U !a't *"!)s ni"n2 +esign

/"+la! t!&ine +esign %"n%ept

HP 8 IP 3asing (as +"&le s(ell %"nst!%ti"n 8 LP (as t(!ee s(ell

%"nst!%ti"n.

HP "te! %asing &a!!el t#pe %"nst!%ti"n.

IP t!&ine *it( single "! +"&le 'l"* t#pe.

T!&ine *it( n"le t(!"ttle g"ve!ning s#stem.

T!&ine sita&le '"! %"nstant p!ess!e as *ell as sli+ing p!ess!e "pe!ati"n

al"ng *it( &ase l"a+ "pe!ati"n.

3 OPERATIONAL FA(ILITIES

H"ll"* gi+e &la+e *it( s%ti"n slits '"! m"ist!e !em"val in last LP stage.

Pe+estal &ea!ings is"late+ '!"m t!&ine %asing.

3"m&ine+ st"p 8 %"nt!"l valves *it( se!v"m"t"! %"nt!"l in+ivi+all#.

H#&!i+ &!ne! '"! gas t!&ine

E !ing '"! gas t!&ine.

Deep ("le +!illing in HP "te! %asing spplie+ /S 366P.

5/ET +!illing ma%(ine '"! $"int plane +!illing "' %asing 8 LP !"t"!.

Ram &"!e! ma%(ine '"! 'i! t!eeg!""ving "pe!ati"n.

5ST '"! !"t"!s p t" 100/- nit sie STT7.

3N3 lat(e ma%(ining "' valve %"ve!s 8 #")es.

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Ve!ti%al &an+ sa* ma%(ine '"! $"int plane slitting "' t!&ine %asing.

Spe%ial 'a%ing 8 &"!ing Hea+ '"! 3N3 ("!i"ntal &"!e! '"! +eep &"!ing in IV

8 3V.

GAS TURBINE

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STEAM TURBINE

GENERAL DES(RIPTION

T(e t!&ine is %"n+ensing, tan+em %"mp"n+, t(!ee %#lin+e!, ("!i"ntal +is% an+

+iap(!agm t#pe *it( n"le g"ve!ning an+ !egene!ative 'ee+ *ate! (eating. T(e +"&le

'l"* L.P. t!&ine in%"!p"!ates a mlti eF(ast in ea%( 'l"*.

T(e %"mplete assem&l# is m"nte+ "n a pe+estals an+ s"le plates, *(i%( a!e +esigne+ t"

ens!e t(at t(e %"mp"nents a!e '!ee t" eFpan+ *(ilst %"!!e%t alignment is maintaine+

n+e! all %"n+iti"ns. Live steam '!"m t(e &"ile! ente!s in t*" eme!gen%# st"p valves

ESV2 "' (ig( p!ess!e t!&ines. 6!"m ESV steam 'l"*s t" t(e '"! %"nt!"l valves 3V2

m"nte+ "n t(e %asing "' (ig( p!ess!e t!&ine HPT2 at t(e mi++le &ea!ing si+e. 3"nt!"l

valves in t!n 'ee+ t(e steam t" n"le &"Fes l"%ate+ insi+e t(e HPT.

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HP TURBINE

T(e "te! %asing "' t(e HP t!&ine is "' &a!!el t#pe %"nst!%ti"n *it("t an# massive

("!i"ntal 'lange. T(is nie %"nst!%ti"n pe!mits !api+ sta!tp '!"m an# t(e!mal state

an+ (ig( !ates "' l"a+ %(anges "' t(e t!&"set. T(e steam an+ metal tempe!at!e mat%(ing

!ei!ements a!e als" less st!ingent as t(e!e is n" as#mmet!# "' mass +ist!i&ti"n in

t!ansve!se "! l"ngit+inal planes.

Alt("g( HP inne! %asing is *it( a ("!i"ntal split $"int, #et it !ep!esents itsel' li)e a t(in

t(e!mal mem&!ane. As t(e inne! %asing is n"t s&$e%te+ t" la!ge p!ess!e +i''e!entials, t(e

("!i"ntal 'lange $"int an+ &"lts a!e ma+e "' t(in se%ti"ns t(s pe!mitting la!ge t!ansve!se

tempe!at!e (anges. Inne! %asing is )inemati%all# spp"!te+ *it(in t(e "te! &a!!el.

6"! "ve!(als an+ %apital maintenan%e "' &a!!el t#pe HP "te! %asing , (an+ling 'iFt!es

a!e spplie+ al"ng *it( t!&ine *(i%( ena&le t(e +isassem&l# an+ assem&l# "' HP

t!&ine in a s("!t time.

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IP TURBINE

T(e IP t!&ine is a +"&le 'l"* t!&ine *it( a ("!i"ntal split inne! %asing &eing

)inemati%all# spp"!te+ *it(in t(e "te! %asing. IP inne! an+ "te! %asings a!e sspen+e+

'!"m t"p (alves s" as t" t"tall# eliminate t(e e''e%t "' t(e!mal +ispla%ement "' T7 %ente!

line *it( t(e (eating p "' %asings 8 'langes. Alt("g( t(e %asings a!e "' ("!i"ntal split

+esign #et t(e# +" n"t imp"se an# %"nst!aints in sta!tp timings an+ !api+ l"a+

'l%tati"ns.

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LP TURBINE

LP T!&ine is a +"&le 'l"* t#pe *it( eF(ast a!ea "ptimall# sele%te+ '"! t(e eFpe%te+

va%m %"n+iti"ns. T(e %asing "' LP t!&ine is %"nne%te+ *it( IP %#lin+e! t*" %!"ss

a!"n+ pipes, "ne "n eit(e! si+e "' t(e ma%(ine an+ level *it( t(e 'l""!. T(e ("!i"ntall#

split, 'a&!i%ate+ LP %asing is "' t(!ee s(ell %"nst!%ti"n.

Spe%ial +esign meas!es (ave &een a+"pte+ t" !em"ve t(e m"ist!e '!"m last stages

!e+%ing t(e t(i%)ness "' *ate! 'ilm "n gi+e &la+es. T(e aFial %lea!an%es &et*een gi+e

an+ m"ving &la+es (ave &een s" %("sen as t" !e+%e t(e +!"plet sies an+ !eslting

e!"si"n "' lea+ing e+ges. L"* p!ess!e eFt!a%ti"n (as &een "ptimie+ n"t "nl# '!"m

t(e!m"+#nami% %"nsi+e!ati"ns &t t" e''e%tivel# +!ain "t m"ist!e als". 6!ee stan+ing&la+es (ave &een envisage+ '"! t(e last t(!ee stages. T(e &la+es a!e +esigne+ t" "pe!ate

t(e ma%(ine %"ntin"sl# *it(in '!een%# !ange '!"m 4@.; t" ;1.; H.

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TURBINE BLADE

GAS TURBINE BLADE

4?


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3#lin+!i%al !ea%ti"n &la+es '"! HP, IP an+ LP T!&ines

DS &la+es, in initial stages "' HP an+ IP T!&ine, t" !e+%e se%"n+a!# l"sses

T*iste+ &la+e *it( integ!al s(!"+, in last stages "' HP, IP an+ initial stages "' LP

t!&ines, t" !e+%e p!"'ile an+ Tip lea)age l"sses

6!ee stan+ing LP m"ving &la+es

Tip se%ti"ns *it( spe!s"ni% +esign

6i!t!ee !""t

6lame (a!+ening "' t(e lea+ing e+ge

anana t#pe ("ll"* gi+e &la+e

Tape!e+ an+ '"!*a!+ leaning '"! "ptimie+ mass 'l"* +ist!i&ti"n

S%ti"n slits '"! m"ist!e !em"val

Classificatio# of Bla$%s

L.P. /"ving la+e 6"!ge+ Ist Stage.

L.P. /"ving la+e ;00 /- Last Stage.

100 /- :;

t(

Stage Implse la+e.

3"mp!ess"! &la+e Se!mental %"ate+.

3"mp!ess"! la+e K5K stage.

7as T!&ine 3"mp!ess"! la+e.

T: la+e.

T4 la+e.

DS la+e.

!ae+ la+e

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Rssian Design la+es.

S(!"+ la+e.

T*iste+ la+e.

P!esent Range "' la+es.

6t!e Range "' la+es.

ROTORS

93 H4h Pre!!.re R/t/r

T(e HP !"t"! is ma%(ine+ '!"m a single 3!/"V steel '"!ging *it( integ!al +is%s. T(e

!"t"! '"!ging is t(e!mall# sta&ilie+ t" p!event a&n"!mal +e'le%ti"n. T(e &la+es a!e

atta%(e+ t" t(ei! !espe%tive *(eels OT !""t 'astening.

In all t(e m"ving *(eels, &alan%ing ("les a!e ma%(ine+ t" !e+%e t(e p!ess!e

+i''e!en%e a%!"ss t(em, *(i%( !eslts in !e+%ti"n "' aFial t(!st. 6i!st stage (as integ!al

s(!"+s *(ile "t(e! !"*s (ave s(!"+ing, !ivete+ t" t(e &la+es at pe!ip(e!#. T(e nm&e!

"' &la+es %"nne%te+ a single st!ip "' s(!"+ing is %alle+ a &la+e pa%)et an+ t(e nm&e!

"' &la+es pe! pa%)et is +e%i+e+ '!"m vi&!ati"n p"int "' vie*.

3 I-ter"e#ate Pre!!.re R/t/r

T(e IP !"t"! (as seven +is%s integ!all# '"!ge+ *it( !"t"! *(ile last '"! +is%s a!e s(!n)

'it. T(e s(a't is ma+e "' (ig( %!eep !esisting 3!/"V steel '"!ging *(ile t(e s(!n) 'it

+is%s 'it +is%s a!e ma%(ine+ '!"m (ig( st!engt( ni%)el steel '"!gings.

T(e &la+es "n t(e integ!al +is%s a!e se%!e+ OT !""t 'astenings *(ile "n s(!n)

'it +is%s O'"!) !""t 'astening. EF%ept t(e last t*" *(eels, all "t(e! *(eels (ave

s(!"+ing !ivete+ at t(e tip "' t(e &la+es. T" a+$st t(e '!een%# "' t(e m"ving &la+es,

la%ing *i!es (ave &een p!"vi+e+ in s"me stages.

3 L/& Pre!!.re R/t/r

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T(e LP R"t"! %"nsists "' s(!n) 'it +is%s "n a s(a't. T(e s(a't is a '"!ging "' 3!/"V

steel *(ile t(e +is%s a!e "' (ig( st!engt( ni%)el steel '"!gings.

la+es a!e se%!e+ t" t(e !espe%tive +is%s !ivete+ '"!) '""t 'astening. In all t(e stages

la%ing *i!es a!e p!"vi+e+ t" a+$st t(e '!een%# "' t(e &la+es.

In t(e last t*" !"*s satellites st!ips a!e p!"vi+e+ at t(e lea+ing e+ges "' t(e &la+es t"

p!"te%t t(em against *et steam e!"si"n.

Technolo7y .sed by bhel arid2ar for

balancin7 of rotors

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OVER SPEED VACUUM BALANCING TUNNEL(OSBT)

SALIENT 6EATURES 56 5ST

R"t"! *eig(tC :0/T maF

R"t"! Diamete!C


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RIGID ROTORS

A !"t"! is %"nsi+e!e+ !igi+ *(en it %an &e %"!!e%te+ in an# t*" a!&it!a!il#

sele%te+2 planes an+ a'te! t(ese %"!!e%ti"ns its n&alan%e+ +"es n"t

signi'i%antl# eF%ee+ t(e &alan%ing limits "! t"le!an%es !elative t" t(e s(a'taFis2 at an# spee+ pt" maFimm se!vi%e spee+ *(en !nning n+e!

%"n+iti"n app!"Fimatel# %l"se t" t("se "' t(e 'inal spp"!ting s#stem.

FLEXIBLE ROTORS

T(e !"t"! n"t spe%i'#ing t(e +e'initi"n "' !igi+ !"t"!s is 'leFi&le !"t"!

+e t" elasti% +e'initi"n.

A%%"!+ing t" t(e IS5 +e'initi"n &alan%ing is t(e p!"%e+!e *(i%( t(e mass+ist!i&ti"n "' t(e !"t"! is %(e%)e+ an+ i' ne%essa!# is a+$ste+ in "!+e! t" ens!e t(at t(e

vi&!ati"ns "n t(e spp"!ting &ea!ings at a '!een%# %"!!esp"n+ing t" t(e "pe!ati"n

*it(in t(e spe%i'ie+ limits. T(is is +"ne t" av"i+ +amage t" &ea!ings, ("sings an+

'"n+ati"n an+ t" minimie t(e 'atige st!esses "n t(e !"t"!.

alan%ing is %a!!ie+ "t %"nse%tive %"mpensati"n &el"* an+ a&"ve %!iti%al spee+ an+

its !ate+ spee+ t" &!ing +"*n t(e vi&!ati"n *it(in t(e spe%i'ie+ limits. A%%"!+ing t" t(e

%(e%) list p!"vi+e+ alit# %"nt!"l +epa!tment s("l+ &e st!i%tl# '"ll"*e+ '"! t!"&le

'!ee &alan%ing.

B#IEF !AY$UT $F TE #$T$#S

T(e !"t"!s a!e assem&le+ "n t(e &"gie pe+estals an+ it is t(en +!iven int" t(e "ve! spee+

an+ &alan%ing tnnel *(i%( %an &e eva%ate+ t" a (ig( +eg!ee "' va%m pt" : t"!!+epen+ing p"n t(e !ei!ement. Vi&!ati"ns a!e pi%)e+ p t(!"g( ele%t!"magneti%

pi%)ps m"nte+ "n t(e pe+estals an+ t(e !ea+ings a!e +ispla#e+ "n t(e inst!ments

installe+ in t(e %"nt!"l !""m. T(e intelligen%e a&"t va!i"s pa!amete!s e.g. vi&!ati"ns&ea!ing tempe!at!e, tnnel tempe!at!e et%. a!e %a!!ie+ "t t" t(e inst!ments installe+ in

t(e %"nt!"l !""m t(!"g( %a&les passing t(!"g( spe%ial va%m penet!ati"n s#stem

l"%ate+ in t(e !ea! *all "' t(e tnnel. A%%ess t" t(e !"t"! is p!"vi+e+ t(!"g( a main +""!

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in t(e !ea! *all "' t(e tnnel *(ile t(e !"t"! is in stan+still %"n+iti"n. T(e !"t"! is +!iven

t(!"g( a +!ive s#stem %"nsisting "' t*" D.3. m"t"!s "' .;/- ea%( %"nne%te+ in

tan+em. T(e spee+ "' t(e m"t"! %an &e !eglate+ '!"m : !pm t" ;00 !pm an+ "' !"t"!'!"m 10 !pm t" 44;0 !pm. T(e p"*e! t" t(e m"t"! is 'e+ t(!"g( a /7 set %"nsisting "' a

?/- s#n%(!"n"s m"t"! an+ t*" D.3. gene!at"! "' 4/- ea%(.

T(e!e a!e t*" l&!i%ati"n s#stems atm"sp(e!i% "il s#stem p!"vi+ing "il t" /7 set

an+ +!ive s#stem an+ va%m "il s#stem p!"vi+ing "il t" t(e !"t"! &ea!ing ("se+&alan%ing pe+estals in t(e tnnel an+ t(e "il is *ate! %""le+.

ASSEMBLY OF ROTORS

T(e +istan%e "' &"gie pe+estals is a+$ste+ as pe! t(e spp"!ting $"!nal t" $"!nal %ent!e

line +istan%e "' t(e !"t"!. T(e %"ntinit# "' t(e &ea!ing s("l+ &e %(e%)e+ t(e alit#%"nt!"l enginee! &e'"!e t(ese a!e m"nte+ in pe+estals. T(e !"t"!s a!e t(en pla%e+ in t(e

&alan%ing ma%(ine pe+estals *it( spe%ial li'ting ta%)les an+ t(e assem&l# is +"ne as pe!

!elevant assem&l# +!a*ings. 3a!e mst &e ta)en t" ens!e t(at t(e +"*el pin "' t(e t"p%"ve! "' &"t( &ea!ings is set in !ig(t p"siti"n. =alit# %"nt!"l enginee! *ill %(e%) t(e

%"!!e%tness "' t(e &ea!ings an+ %"ve! &"lts, %"!!e%tness "' installati"n "' RTDs an+ t(ei!

!esistan%es et%.

=alit# %"nt!"l enginee! *ill %e!ti'# t(at t(e !"t"! (as &een man'a%t!e+ an+ assem&le+a%%"!+ing t" t(e !elevant +!a*ings an+ spe%i'i%ati"ns an+ is 'it '"! &alan%ing an+ "ve!

spee+ing test.

PREPARATION FOR BALANCING OF ROTOR

A'te! se%!ing "' t(e pe+estals an+ %"nne%ti"n "' t(e !"t"! *it( +!ive s#stem t(e

l&!i%ating "il pipes, $a%)ing "il pipes an+ +!ain pipes s("l+ &e %"nne%te+. L&!i%ating

"il s("l+ &e sta!te+ t" t(e pe+estals &ea!ing t" mat%( +esign !ei!ements2 an+ 'ls(ing

ma# &e %a!!ie+ "t '"! a %"ple "' ("!s. D!ing 'ls(ing !"t"! ma# &e $a%)e+ 'e* timesan+ !"t"! li'ts at &"t( t(e pe+estals a!e t" &e %(e%)e+ means "' +ial gages an+ t(e

!ea+ing n"te+ +"*n. T(e !"t"! %an &e !n at a&"t 1;0 !pm '"! a 'e* mintes *it("t an#

va%m an+ is "&se!ve+ visall#. It s("l+ &e %(e%)e+ t(at t(e!e is n" a&n"!mal s"n+an+ n" lea)age "' "il et%. A'te! t(is t(e main +""! nea! t(e !ea! *all s("l+ &e %l"se+ an+

tnnel gate s("l+ &e %l"se+ an+ (#+!ali%all# p!esse+ against t(e *all "' tnnel. T(e

lig(t "' t(e tnnel an+ p"*e! sppl# t" t(e tnnel ("ist an+ $i& %!ane s("l+ &e Os*it%(e+

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"n. A'te! t(e !eisite va%m in t(e tnnel t(e !"t"! %an &e !n pt" a sita&le spee+

&el"* 'i!st %!iti%al spee+ at *(i%( vi&!ati"n +"es n"t &e%"me eF%essive.

A'te! %"!!e%ti"n "' n&alan%e '"! t(e 'i!st %!iti%al spee+, it s("l+ &e p"ssi&le t" in%!easet(e !"t"! spee+ &e#"n+ t(e 'i!st %!iti%al spee+ *it("t s&$e%ting t(e !"t"! t" an#

eF%essive level "' vi&!ati"n at t(e 'i!st %!iti%al spee+. R"t"! s("l+ n"* &e !ea+# '"! :n+

&alan%ing. T(e p!"%ess is %"ntine+ till *e get a l"* vale "' vi&!ati"n at 000 !pm.

R"t"! %an n"* &e &!"g(t t" t(e spe%i'ie+ "ve! spee+


57/115

6"! !"t"!s "' all m"+les

"' LP pt" N0:10

1.0 ?.0

Nea! 'i!st %!iti%al spee+

"' 1100 !pm LPN0

:102

0.; 1:.

Nea! t(e :n+%!iti%al

spee+ "' :

MARKING OF ROTOR

T(e !"t"! is ma!)e+ *it( 3a!tesian %""!+inate s#stem *it( !e'e!en%e t" t(e ma!)ing "n

t(e inte!me+iate s(a't as s("*n &el"*C

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BALANCING STANDARDS

T(e va!i"s stan+a!+s '"ll"*e+ '"! evalati"n "' &alan%ing alit# "' !"tating ma%(ine in

Steam T!&ine an+ in pa!ti%la! at HEL is as '"ll"*sC

APT ;1:

Spe%ial p!p"se steam t!&ines '"! pet!"lem, %(emi%al an+ gas in+st!# se!vi%es.

IS5 10401

/e%(ani%al vi&!ati"ns &alan%e alit# !ei!ements "' !igi+ !"t"!s.

IS5 114:

/e%(ani%al vi&!ati"ns met("+ an+ %!ite!ia '"! t(e me%(ani%al &alan%e "' 'leFi&le !"t"!s.

PROJECT ON GENERAL VIEW OFSTEAM TURBINES

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4. T5PPIN7 TURINES

;. /IBED PRESSURE TURINES

. EBTRA3TI5N TURINES

35NDENSIN7 TURINES

-it( t(e %"n+ensing t!&ine, t(e steam eF(asts t" t(e %"n+ense! an+ t(e latent (eat "'t(e steam is t!ans'e!!e+ t" t(e %""ling *ate!. T(e %"n+ense+ steam is !et!ne+ t" t(e

&"ile! as 'ee+ *ate!.

35ND6ENSIN7LEEDER TURINES

T(e %"n+ensing&lee+e! t!&ine !e+%es t(e %"n+ense! l"sses as steam is &le+ "'' at

seve!al p"ints "' t(e t!&ine. T(e &lee+steam is se+ '"! 'ee+ *ate! (eating, pt" :0G "'t(e t"tal steam 'l"* ma# &e &le+ "''.

A3PRESSURE TURINES

a%)p!ess!e t!&ines a!e "'ten se+ in in+st!ial plants, t(e t!&ine a%ts as a !e+%ingstati"n &et*een &"ile! an+ p!"%ess steam (ea+e!. T(e p!"%ess steam p!ess!e is )ept

%"nstant an+ t(e gene!at"! "tpt +epen+s "n t(e +eman+ '"! p!"%ess steam. T(e &a%)

p!ess!e t!&ine ma# als" (ave &lee+ p"ints an+ is t(en %alle+ a &a%)p!ess!e&lee+e!

t!&ine.


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N"n %"n+ensing steam %#%le &a%) p!ess!e t!&ine2

E$T%ACT&ON T'%(&NES

EFt!a%ti"n steam t!&ines

EFt!a%ti"n steam t!&ines

T(is se!ves an+ %"nt!"ls steam net*"!)s in t(e %st"me!s plant sing +e'ine+ steampa!amete!s. Depen+ing "n t(e m"+e "' "pe!ati"n, t(e antit# "' steam an+ t(e p!ess!e,an eFt!a%ti"n %"nt!"l stage, a+$sta&le stat"! &la+es "! t(e "ve!'l"* t(!"ttle a!e se+ t"

%"nt!"l eFt!a%ti"n. T(e eFt!a%ti"n valves a!e l"%ate+ in t(e t"p "' t(e %asing. EFt!a%ti"n

n"les %an &e 'itte+ n+e!neat( "! t" t(e si+e. T(e minimm %""lant antit# '"! t(e

l"*p!ess!e &la+ing is ga!antee+ even at t(e maFimm eFt!a%ti"n antit#.

35NDENSIN7, 35NTR5LLED EBTRA3TI5N TURINES

A %"nt!"lle+ t!&ine t(at &lee+s "'' %"n+enses2 pa!t "' t(e main st!eam 'l"* at "ne

single eFt!a%ti"n2 "! t*" +"&le eFt!a%ti"n2 p"ints. Use+ *(en p!"%ess steam is

!ei!e+ atp!ess!es&el"* t(e inletp!ess!e an+ a&"ve t(e eF(astp!ess!e.

Non#con!ensin) or backpress*re t*rbines a!e m"st *i+el# se+ '"! p!"%ess steam

appli%ati"ns. T(e eF(ast p!ess!e is %"nt!"lle+ a !eglating valve t" sit t(e nee+s "'

t(e p!"%ess steam p!ess!e. T(ese a!e %"mm"nl# '"n+ at !e'ine!ies, +ist!i%t (eatingnits,plp an+pape!plants, an+ +esalinati"n'a%ilities *(e!e la!ge am"nts "' l"* p!ess!e

p!"%ess steam a!e availa&le.


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Con!ensin) t*rbines a!e m"st %"mm"nl# '"n+ in ele%t!i%alp"*e! plants. T(ese t!&ines

eF(ast steam in a pa!tiall# %"n+ense+ state, t#pi%all# "' a alit#nea! ?0G, at a p!ess!e

*ell &el"* atm"sp(e!i% t" a %"n+ense!.

%eheat t*rbinesa!e als" se+ alm"st eF%lsivel# in ele%t!i%al p"*e! plants. In a !e(eat

t!&ine, steam 'l"* eFits '!"m a (ig( p!ess!e se%ti"n "' t(e t!&ine an+ is !et!ne+ t" t(e&"ile!*(e!e a++iti"nal spe!(eat is a++e+. T(e steam t(en g"es &a%) int" an inte!me+iate

p!ess!e se%ti"n "' t(e t!&ine an+ %"ntines its eFpansi"n.

E+tractin) t*rbinesa!e %"mm"n in all appli%ati"ns. In an eFt!a%ting t!&ine, steam is

!elease+ '!"m va!i"s stages "' t(e t!&ine, an+ se+ '"! in+st!ial p!"%ess nee+s "! sent

t" &"ile! 'ee+ *ate! (eate!s t" imp!"ve "ve!all %#%le e''i%ien%#. EFt!a%ti"n 'l"*s ma# &e%"nt!"lle+ *it( a valve, "! le't n%"nt!"lle+.

&n!*ction t*rbines int!"+%e l"* p!ess!e steam at an inte!me+iate stage t" p!"+%e

a++iti"nal p"*e!.

SE!ECTI$N $F %ATE#IA! F$#

%ANUFACTU#IN+ $F STEA%

TU#BINE

REQUIREMENT:

A&ilit# t" *it(stan+ %ent!i'gal '"!%es p!"p"!ti"nal t" t(e

!"tati"nal spee+.

A&ilit# t" *it(stan+ t!ansient t(e!mal st!esses at sta!tps(t

+"*n "! "n l"a+ %(anges.

7""+ 'atigen"t%( t"g(ness t" *it(stan+ l"%al st!ess

%"n%ent!ati"ns at &la+e atta%(ment a!eas.


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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

An i+eal steam t!&ine is %"nsi+e!e+ t" &e an isent!"pi% p!"%ess,"! %"nstant ent!"p#

p!"%ess, in *(i%( t(e ent!"p# "' t(e steam ente!ing t(e t!&ine is eal t" t(e ent!"p# "'

t(e steam leaving t(e t!&ine. N" steam t!&ine is t!l# isent!"pi%, ("*eve!, *it( t#pi%al

isent!"pi% e''i%ien%ies !anging '!"m :0G?;G &ase+ "n t(e appli%ati"n "' t(e t!&ine.T(e inte!i"! "' a t!&ine %"mp!ises seve!al sets "' &la+es, %"mm"nl# !e'e!!e+ t" as

&%)ets. 5ne set "' stati"na!# &la+es is %"nne%te+ t" t(e %asing an+ "ne set "' !"tating

&la+es is %"nne%te+ t" t(e s(a't. T(e sets inte!mes( *it( %e!tain minimm %lea!an%es,*it( t(e sie an+ %"n'ig!ati"n "' sets va!#ing t" e''i%ientl# eFpl"it t(e eFpansi"n "'

steam at ea%( stage.

THE IMPULSE PRINCIPLE

I' steam at (ig( p!ess!e is all"*e+ t" eFpan+ t(!"g( a stati"na!# n"le, t(e !eslt *ill

&e a +!"p in t(e steam p!ess!e an+ in%!ease in t(e steam vel"%it#. In 'a%t, t(e steam *illisse '!"m t(e n"le in t(e '"!m "' a (ig( spee+ $et. I' t(is (ig( vel"%it# steam is applie+t" a p!"pe!l# s(ape+ t!&ine &la+e it *ill %(ange in +i!e%ti"n +e t" t(e s(ape "' t(e

&la+e. T(e e''e%t "' t(is %(ange in t(e +i!e%ti"n "' t(e steam 'l"* *ill &e t" p!"+%e an

implse '"!%e "n t(e &la+e %asing it t" m"ve. I' t(e &la+e is atta%(e+ t" t(e !"t"! "' at!&ine t(en t(e !"t"! *ill !ev"lve. 6"!%e applie+ t" t(e &la+e is +evel"pe+ %asing t(esteam t" %(ange t(e +i!e%ti"n "' 'l"* NE-T5NS :n+La* %(ange "' m"mentm2. T(e

%(ange "' m"mentm p!"+%es t(e implse '"!%e.

T(e p!ess!e +!"ps an+ t(e vel"%it# in%!eases as t(e steam passes t(!"g( t(e n"les.T(en as t(e steam passes t(!"g( t(e m"ving &la+es t(e vel"%it# +!"ps &t t(e p!ess!e

!emains t(e same. T(e 'a%t t(at t(e p!ess!e +"es n"t +!"p a%!"ss t(e m"ving &la+es is t(e+istingis(ing 'eat!e "' t(e implse t!&ine. T(e p!ess!e at t(e inlet t" t(e m"ving

&la+es is t(e same as t(e p!ess!e at t(e "tlet '!"m t(e m"ving &la+es.

REACTION PRINCIPLE

A !ea%ti"n t!&ine (as !"*s "' 'iFe+ &la+es alte!nating *it( !"*s "' m"ving &la+es. T(e

steam eFpan+s 'i!st in t(e stati"na!# "! 'iFe+ &la+es *(e!e it gains s"me vel"%it# as it+!"ps in p!ess!e. It t(en ente!s t(e m"ving &la+es *(e!e its +i!e%ti"n "' 'l"* is %(ange+

t(s p!"+%ing an implse '"!%e "n t(e m"ving &la+es. In a++iti"n ("*eve!, t(e steam

p"n passing t(!"g( t(e m"ving &la+es again eFpan+s an+ '!t(e! +!"ps in p!ess!egiving a !ea%ti"n '"!%e t" t(e &la+es. T(is seen%e is !epeate+ as t(e steam passes

t(!"g( a++iti"nal !"*s "' 'iFe+ an+ m"ving &la+es. N"te t(at t(e steam p!ess!e +!"ps

a%!"ss &"t( t(e 'iFe+ an+ t(e m"ving &la+es *(ile t(e a&s"lte vel"%it# !ises in t(e 'iFe+&la+es an+ +!"ps in t(e m"ving &la+es.


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T(e +istingis(ing 'eat!e "' t(e !ea%ti"n t!&ine is t(e 'a%t t(at t(e p!ess!e +"es +!"p

a%!"ss t(e m"ving &la+es. In "t(e! *"!+s t(e!e is a p!ess!e +i''e!en%e &et*een t(e inlet

t" t(e m"ving &la+es an+ t(e "tlet '!"m t(e m"ving &la+es.

SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THE REACTION TURBINE

T(e!e is a +i''e!en%e in p!ess!e a%!"ss t(e m"ving &la+es. T(e steam *ill t(e!e'"!e ten+t" lea) a!"n+ t(e pe!ip(e!# "' t(e &la+es instea+ "' passing t(!"g( t(em. la+e

%lea!an%es t(e!e'"!e mst &e )ept t" a minimm. Als" +e t" t(e p!ess!e +!"p a%!"ss t(e

m"ving &la+es an n&alan%e+ t(!st *ill &e +evel"pe+ p"n t(e !"t"! an+ s"me

a!!angement mst &e ma+e t" &alan%e t(is.

IMPULSE TURBINE STAGING

In "!+e! '"! t(e steam t" give p all its )ineti% ene!g# t" t(e m"ving &la+es in an implse

t!&ine it s("l+ leave t(e &la+es at e!" a&s"lte vel"%it#. T(is %"n+iti"n *ill eFist i' t(e&la+e vel"%it# is eal t" t(e (al' "' t(e steam vel"%it#. T(e!e'"!e, '"! g""+ e''i%ien%# t(e&la+e vel"%it# s("l+ &e a&"t "ne (al' "' t(e steam vel"%it#. I' t(e steam *as eFpan+e+

'!"m a+missi"n p!ess!e +"*n t" 'inal eF(ast p!ess!e in a single set "' n"les single

stage2 t(en t(e vel"%it# "' t(e steam leaving t(e n"les mig(t &e in t(e "!+e! "' 1100ms.in "!+e! t" (ave g""+ e''i%ien%# t(e &la+e vel"%it# *"l+ (ave t" &e a&"t;;0ms *(i%(*"l+ !ei!e eF%essivel# (ig( !evmm "' t(e t!&ine !"t"!. EF%essivel# (ig( steam

vel"%it# *ill %ase (ig( '!i%ti"n l"sses in n"les an+ &la+ing.

In "!+e! t" !e+%e steam vel"%it# an+ &la+e vel"%it#, t(e '"ll"*ing met("+s ma# &e se+C

1. P!ess!e %"mp"n+ing.:. Vel"%it# %"mp"n+ing.

. P!ess!evel"%it# %"mp"n+ing.

PRESSURE 35/P5UND

T(e eFpansi"n "' steam '!"m t(e &"ile! p!ess!e t" eF(ast p!ess!e is %a!!ie+ "t in anm&e! "' steps "! stages. Ea%( stage (as a set "' n"les an+ a !"* "' m"ving &la+es.

T(e !"*s "' m"ving &la+es a!e sepa!ate+ '!"m ea%( "t(e! pa!titi"ns "! +iap(!agms

int" *(i%( t(e n"les a!e set. As "nl# a p"!ti"n "' t(e vel"%it# availa&le is +evel"pe+ in

ea%( set "' n"les, t(e &la+e vel"%it# is )ept +"*n t" a !eas"na&le am"nt. T(is t#pe "'%"mp"n+ing is )n"*n as t(e RATEAU /ETH5D. In t(is a!!angement t(e p!ess!e "'

t(e steam +!"ps min ea%( set "' n"les as in+i%ate+ t(e p!ess!e g!ap(. T(e steam

vel"%it# is in%!ease+ ea%( p!ess!e +!"p an+ t(en +e%!eases again in ea%( !"* "'m"ving &la+es.

VEL53IT9 35/P5UNDIN7


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T(is +esign %"nsists "' "ne set "' n"le in *(i%( t(e steam is eFpan+e+ '!"m initial t"

eF(ast p!ess!e. T(e vel"%it# "' t(e steam !eslting '!"m t(is eFpansi"n is a&s"!&e+ in

t*" "! m"!e !"*s "' m"ving &la+es. R"*s "' 'iFe+ "! gi+e &la+es atta%(e+ t" t(e %asinga!e set &et*een !"*s "' m"ving &la+es an+ !e%eive an+ !e+i!e%t t(e steam t" t(e neFt !"*

"' m"ving &la+es. T(is t#pe "' %"mp"n+ing is )n"*n as t(e 3URTIS /ETH5D.

T(e p!ess!e +!"ps '!"m inlet p!ess!e t" eF(ast p!ess!e in t(e single set "' n"le as

t(e p!ess!e g!ap( s("*s. T(is la!ge single p!ess!e +!"p p!"+%es (ig( steam vel"%it#*(i%( is a&s"!&e+ in t(e t*" !"*s "' m"ving &la+es. N"te t(at t(e!e is n" p!ess!e "!

vel"%it# +!"p in t(e 'iFe+ &la+es.

PRESSUREVEL53IT9 35/P5UNDIN7

T(is is a %"m&inati"n "' t(e 'i!st t*" met("+s "' %"mp"n+ing. T(e steam is eFpan+e+ int*" "! m"!e sets "' n"les in se!ies an+ ea%( set (aving vel"%it# %"mp"n+e+ &la+es t"

!e%eive t(e steam issing '!"m t(e n"les.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

-(en *a!ming p a steam t!&ine '"! se, t(e main steam st"p valves a'te! t(e &"ile!2

(ave a pass line t" all"* spe!(eate+ steam t" sl"*l# passt(e valve an+ p!"%ee+t"(eat p t(e lines in t(e s#stem al"ng *it( t(e steam t!&ine. Als" a t!ning gea! isengage+ *(en t(e!e is n" steam t" t(e t!&ine t" sl"*l# !"tate t(e t!&ine t" ens!e even

(eating t" p!event neven eFpansi"n an+ !"t"! &"*ing. A'te! 'i!st !"tating t(e t!&ine

t(e t!ning gea!, all"*ing time '"! t(e !"t"! t" assme a st!aig(t plane n" &"*ing2, t(ent(e t!ning gea! is +isengage+ an+ steam is a+mitte+ t" t(e t!&ine. 6"! m"st tilit# an+

in+st!ial steam t!&ines, a sta!ting an+ l"a+ing %(a!t is in%l+e+ in t(e nit inst!%ti"n

manal. T(e sta!ting an+ l"a+ing %(a!t is se+ t" gi+e t!&ine "pe!at"!s in l"a+ing t(ei!nits in s%( a *a# as t" minimie !"t"! an+ s(ell t(e!mal st!esses, &t als" minimie t(e

%(an%es "' t(e !"t"! (eating 'aste! t(an t(e s(ell, %!eating a !"t"! l"ng %"n+iti"n. -(en

sta!ting a s(ip&"a!+ steam t!&ine ma!ine nit2, steam is n"!mall# a+mitte+ t" t(e aste!n

&la+es l"%ate+ in t(e LP t!&ine, an+ t(en t" t(e a(ea+ &la+es sl"*l# !"tating t(e t!&ineat 10 t" 1; !ev"lti"ns pe! minte RP/2 t" sl"*l# *a!m t(e t!&ine.

P!"&lems *it( t!&ines a!e !a!e an+ maintenan%e !ei!ements a!e !elativel# small. An#

im&alan%e "' t(e !"t"! %an lea+ t" vi&!ati"n, *(i%( in eFt!eme %ases %an lea+ t" a &la+eletting g" an+ pn%(ing st!aig(t t(!"g( t(e %asing. Als", it is essential t(at t(e t!&ine &e

t!ne+ *it( +!# steam. I' *ate! gets int" t(e steam an+ is &laste+ "nt" t(e &la+es !api+

impingement an+ e!"si"n"' t(e &la+es %an "%%!, p"ssi&l# lea+ing t" im&alan%e an+%atast!"p(i% 'ail!e. Als", *ate! ente!ing t(e &la+es *ill li)el# !eslt in t(e +est!%ti"n "'t(e t(!st &ea!ing '"! t(e t!&ine s(a't. T" p!event t(is, al"ng *it( %"nt!"ls an+ &a''les in

t(e &"ile!s t" ens!e (ig( alit# steam, %"n+ensate +!ains a!e installe+ in t(e steam

piping lea+ing t" t(e t!&ine.

T(e &asi% p!"%ess &e(in+ steam p"*e! gene!ati"n is t(e Ran)ine 3#%leM. -ate! is (eate+

ntil it is a sat!ate+ lii+. 6!"m t(e!e, it is %"mp!esse+ int" steam. T(e steam is


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t!ans'e!!e+ t" a t!&ine *(e!e t(e p!ess!e "' t(e steam is !e+%e+ sall# t" s&

atm"sp(e!i% p!ess!es2 eFpansi"n "ve! t(e t!&ine &la+es. T(is p!"%ess p!"+%es

ele%t!i%it#. T(e l"* p!ess!e steam is %"n+ense+ &a%) t" a lii+. T(e *ate!, n"* !e'e!!e+t" as !et!n *ate!, is miFe+ *it( ne* *ate!, !e'e!!e+ t" as 'ee+ *ate!M, an+ pmpe+ &a%)

t" t(e &"ile!. T(e 'ig!e &el"* s("*s a %"mm"n +iag!am se+ t" +es%!i&e t(e

Ran)ine 3#%le.

Steam t!&ine pa!ts

EFFICIENCY

T" maFimie t!&ine e''i%ien%#, t(e steam is eFpan+e+ in a nm&e! "' stages, gene!ating*"!) '!"m ea%( steam eFpansi"n an+ p!ess!e +!"p. T(ese stages a!e %(a!a%te!ie+

("* t(e ene!g# is eFt!a%te+ '!"m t(em an+ a!e )n"*n as eit(e! implse "! !ea%ti"n

t!&ines. /"st m"+e!n steam t!&ines a!e a %"m&inati"n "' t(e !ea%ti"n an+ implse+esigns. T#pi%all#, (ig(e! p!ess!e se%ti"ns a!e implse t#pe an+ l"*e! p!ess!e stages

a!e !ea%ti"n t#pe.


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3"nsi+e! t(e steam t!&ine s("*n in t(e %#%le a&"ve. T(e "tptp"*e!"' t(e t!&ine at

stea+# 'l"*%"n+iti"n isC P m (1(:2

*(e!e m is t(e mass 'l"* "' t(e steam t(!"g( t(e t!&ine an+ (1 an+ (: a!e spe%i'i%ent(alp# "' t(e steam at inlet !espe%tive "tlet "' t(e t!&ine.

Ts +iag!am Tempe!at!e ve!ss Ent!"p#2Ra->-e (ycle

T(e e''i%ien%# "' t(e steam t!&ines is "'ten +es%!i&e+ t(e isent!"pi% e''i%ien%# '"!

eFpansi"n p!"%ess. T(e p!esen%e "' *ate! +!"plets in t(e steam *ill !e+%e t(e e''i%ien%#"' t(e t!&ine an+ %ase p(#si%al e!"si"n "' t(e &la+es. T(e!e'"!e t(e +!#ness '!a%ti"n"'

t(e steam at t(e "tlet "' t(e t!&ine s("l+ n"t &e less t(an 0.?.
http://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/POWER.HTMhttp://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/STEADYFL.HTMhttp://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/ISENEFF.HTMhttp://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/LIQUID.HTMhttp://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/POWER.HTMhttp://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/STEADYFL.HTMhttp://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/ISENEFF.HTMhttp://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/LIQUID.HTM


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Different parts of t.rbine

TURBINE CASING

3asing "! %#lin+e!s a!e "' t(e ("!i"ntal split t#pe. T(is is n"t i+eal, as t(e (eav# 'langes"' t(e $"ints a!e sl"* t" '"ll"* t(e tempe!at!e %(anges "' t(e %#lin+e! *alls. H"*eve!,

'"! assem&ling an+ inspe%ti"n p!p"ses t(e!e is n" "t(e! s"lti"n. T(e %asings a!e (eav#

in "!+e! t" *it(stan+ t(e (ig( p!ess!es an+ tempe!at!es. T(e t(i%)ness "' *alls an+

'langes +e%!eases '!"m inlet t" eF(ast en+.

T(e !eas"n '"! sing +i''e!ent %asing mate!ials is t(at mate!ials at t(e given maFimm

tempe!at!es an+ n+e! %"nstant p!ess!e %"ntine t" +e'"!m *it( ve!# sl"* in%!easing

st!ain "' t(e mate!ial. T(is p(en"men"n is )n"*n as 3!eepM.

TURBINE ROTORS

T(e +esign "' a t!&ine !"t"! +epen+s "n t(e "pe!ating p!in%iple "' t(e t!&ine. T(e

implse t!&ine *it( p!ess!e +!"p a%!"ss t(e stati"na!# &la+es mst (ave seals &et*eenstati"na!# &la+es an+ t(e !"t"!. T(e smalle! t(e sealing a!ea, t(e smalle! t(e lea)age

t(e!e'"!e t(e stati"na!# &la+es a!e m"nte+ in +iap(!agms *it( la!int( seals a!"n+ t(e

s(a't.

T(e !ea%ti"n t!&ine (as p!ess!e +!"ps a%!"ss t(e m"ving as *ell as a%!"ss t(e stati"na!#&la+es an+ t(e se "' a +is% !"t"! *"l+ %!eate a la!ge aFial t(!st a%!"ss ea%( +is%. T(e

appli%ati"n "' a +!m !"t"! eliminates t(e aFial t(!st %ase+ t(e +is%s, &t n"t t(e

aFial t(!st %ase+ t(e +i''e!ential p!ess!e a%!"ss t(e m"ving &la+es.

DISC ROTORS

All la!ge! +is% !"t"!s a!e n"* ma%(ine+ "t "' a s"li+ '"!ging "' ni%)el steel. T(is givest(e st!"ngest !"t"! an+ a 'll# &alan%e+ !"t"!. It is !at(e! eFpensive as t(e *eig(t "' t(e'inal !"t"! is app!"Fimatel# ;0G "' t(e initial '"!ging. 5l+e! "! smalle! +is% !"t"!s (ave

s(a't an+ +is%s ma+e in sepa!ate pie%es *it( t(e +is%s s(!n) "n t(e s(a't. T(e &"!e "' t(e

+is%s is ma+e 0.1G smalle! "n +iamete! t(an t(e s(a't. T(e +is%s a!e t(en (eate+ ntilt(e# a!e easil# sli+e al"ng t(e s(a't an+ l"%ate+ in t(e %"!!e%t p"siti"n "n t(e s(a't an+

s(a't )e#. A small %lea!an%e &et*een t(e +is%s p!events t(e!mal st!ess in t(e s(a't.


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DRUM ROTORS

T(e 'i!st !ea%ti"n t!&ine (as s"li+ '"!ge+ +!m !"t"!s. T(e# *e!e st!"ng &t *it( t(e

in%!easing sie "' t(e t!&ines t(e s"li+ !"t"!s g"t t"" (eav# an+ t(e ("ll"* +!m !"t"!s

*e!e int!"+%e+. T(is !"t"! is ma+e "' t*" "! m"!e pie%es. 6"! p!"pe! &alan%e t(e +!m

mst &e ma%(ine+ &"t( insi+e 8 "tsi+e an+ t(e +!m mst &e "pen at "ne en+. T(ese%"n+ pa!t "' t(e !"t"! is t(e +!m en+ %"ve! *it( s(a't. -el+ing is pe!'"!me+ *it(

at"mati% *el+ing ma%(ines. /"st !"t"!s a!e n"* ma+e "' ni%)el all"# steels. R"t"!s '"!

(ig( "tpts an+ (ig( tempe!at!es a!e gene!all# ma+e "' %(!"mimni%)elm"l#&+enmsteels.

TURBINE SEALS

1. LADE SEALS

T(e e''i%ien%# "' t(e !ea%ti"n t!&ines +epen+s t" a la!ge eFten+s "n t(e &la+e seals

!a+ial as *ell as aFial seals a!e "'ten pa!t "' t(e %"ve!ing *it( t(e seal %lea!an%es )ept assmall as p"ssi&le. As p!"te%ti"n '"! t(e aFial seals s"me man'a%t!es appl# an a+$sta&le

t(!st &ea!ing. T(e *("le t(!st &l"%) is %#lin+!i%al an+ 'its li)e a pist"n in t(e %#lin+e!

*it( t(e *("le t(!st &l"%) a&le t" &e aFiall# a+$ste+. D!ing sta!tp t(e t(!st &l"%) isps(e+ against a st"p in t(e +i!e%ti"n "' eF(ast '"! maFimm seal %lea!an%es. -(en t(e

t!&ine is (eate+ p an+ (as &een "n l"a+ '"! a s("!t time t(e t(!st &l"%) is plle+

'"!*a!+ against a '"!*a!+ st"p '"! minimm seal %lea!an%e an+ maFimm &la+e

e''i%ien%#.

:. SHA6T SEALS

S(a't seals mst &e p!"vi+e+ in "!+e! t" p!event "! at least !e+%e steam lea)age *(e!et(e s(a't eFten+s t(!"g( t(e %asing. Als" *(en t(e l"* p!ess!e t!&ines a!e n+e!

va%m t(e seals mst p!event ai! '!"m lea)ing int" t(e %asing. Hig( p!ess!e t!&ines

"pe!ating at 1:0?0 t" 1;000)Pa %ase a sealing p!"&lem as a st!aig(t la!int( seal '"!t(at p!ess!e *"l+ &e eFt!emel# l"ng "! (ave l"ts "' steam lea)ing t(!"g(. T(e

p!"&lem is s"lve+ a se!ies "' steam p"%)ets &et*een sets "' la!int( seals. T(e (ig(

p!ess!e steam lea)s t(!"g( 100:00 mm "' t(e la!int( seal int" t(e 'i!st p"%)et *(i%(is %"nne%te+ t" t(e H.P. eF(ast, t(s an# steam lea)ing t(!"g( t(e seal is se+ in t(e I.P.

t!&ine.

Neit(e! t(e %a!&"n n"! t(e la!int( s(a't seals p!event all lea)age. I' a p"sitive "! lea)

p!""' seal is nee+e+ a *ate! seal ma# &e installe+.

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. -ATER SEAL

A *ate! seal %"nsists "' an impelle! "n t(e t!&ine (a't *(i%( !"tates in a *ate! 'ille+%asing an+ *ate! t(!"*n "t '!"m t(e impelle! '"!ms a lea) p!""' *ate! &a!!ie!. -ate!

seals a!e mainl# applie+ t" L.P. glan+s t" ga!+ against ai! lea)age, &t t(e# ma# als" &e

applie+ as t(e 'inal seal '"! H.P. an+ I.P. glan+s. -ate! seals a!e spplie+ *it( %lean %""l%"n+ensate '!"m t(e eFt!a%ti"n pmp. It ma# &e spplie+ +i!e%tl# "! via a (ea+ tan) *it(

at"mati% level %"nt!"l.

TURBINE COUPLINGS

T(e p!p"se "' t(e t!&ine %"pling is t" t!ansmit p"*e! '!"m t(e p!ime m"ve! t" t(e

+!iven pie%e "' ma%(ine!#. 6"! (eav# l"a+s t(e s"li+ 'lange %"pling is se+. T(e 'langes

a!e gene!all# integ!al pa!ts "' t(e s(a'ts &t t(e# ma# &e sepa!ate pa!ts '"! smalle!t!&ines. T(e '!i%ti"n &et*een t(e %"pling (alves an+ t(e s(ea! '"!%e "' t(e &"lts

t!ansmits t(e p"*e!. 6"! maFimm s(ea! st!ess t(e &"lts mst &e 'itte+. T(e %"pling

&"lts s("l+ &e n+e!%t, t(at is ma%(ine+ "'' t" a smalle! +iamete! slig(tl# less t(an t(e&"tt"m +iamete! "' t(e t(!ea+ t" av"i+ an# st!ain "n t(e t(!ea+.

TURBINE BLADES

T(e e''i%ien%# "' t(e t!&ine +epen+s m"!e t(an an#t(ing else "n t(e +esign "' t(e t!&ine

&la+es. T(e implse &la+es mst &e +esigne+ t" %"nve!t t(e )ineti% ene!g# "' t(e steamint" me%(ani%al ene!g#. T(e same g"es '"! t(e !ea%ti"n &la+es *(i%( '!t(e!m"!e mst

%"nve!t (eat ene!g# t" )ineti% ene!g#. T(e late! #ea!s in%!ease in &la+e e''i%ien%# is +e

t" in%!ease+ ae!"+#nami% s(ape %al%late+ %"mpte!s an+ t(e milling "' &la+es "n

at"mati% milling ma%(ines.

It is al*a#s p"ssi&le t" give t(e &la+es t(e t(e"!eti%all# &est p"ssi&le p!"'ile as seve!al

"t(e! %"nsi+e!ati"ns mst &e ta)en. T(e &la+e mst &e ma+e st!"ng en"g( t" *it(stan+

(ig( tempe!at!es an+ st!esses '!"m (eav#, "'ten plsating steam l"a+s. T(e!e is als"

st!ess +e t" %ent!i'gal '"!%e '"! la!ge L.P. &la+es t(e %ent!i'gal '"!%e "n a single &la+ema# eF%ee+ :00T2. Vi&!ati"ns an+ !es"nant vi&!ati"ns in pa!ti%la! mst &e ta)en int"

a%%"nt an+ 'inall# t(e!e is e!"si"n an+ %"!!"si"n.

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+$"E#NIN+ SYSTE%S

T(e %"nt!"l "' a t!&ine *it( a g"ve!n"!is essential, as t!&ines nee+ t" &e !n p sl"*l#

t" p!event +amage. S"me appli%ati"ns, s%( as t(e gene!ati"n "' ele%t!i%it#, !ei!ep!e%ise spee+ %"nt!"l. Un%"nt!"lle+ a%%ele!ati"n "' t(e t!&ine !"t"! %an lea+ t" an "ve!

spee+ t!ip, *(i%( %ases t(e n"le valves t(at %"nt!"l t(e 'l"* "' steam t" t(e t!&ine t"

%l"se. I' t(is 'ails, t(e t!&ine ma# %"ntine a%%ele!ating ntil it &!ea)s apa!t, "'ten

spe%ta%la!l#. T!&ines a!e eFpensive t" ma)e, !ei!ing p!e%isi"n man'a%t!e an+ (ig(alit# mate!ials.

T(e m"st %"mm"n an+ simplest !ei!ement "' g"ve!ning s#stem "' an in+st!ial t!&ine

is t(e %"nt!"l "ve! spee+. T(e %"mm"n !ei!ements "' in+st!ial t!&ine g"ve!ning

s#stem *(i%( a!e en%"nte!e+ in in+st!ies at p!esent *it( va!#ing +eg!ee "' at"mati"na!eC

Spee+ l"a+ %"nt!"l '"! T!&" gene!at"!s.

Spee+ %"nt!"l '"! T!&" %"mp!ess"!s.

EF(ast Steam &a%)2 p!ess!e %"nt!"l.

D"&le eFt!a%ti"n Steam p!ess!e %"nt!"l.

EFt!a%ti"n an+ eF(ast Steam p!ess!e %"nt!"l.

In$e%ti"n Steam p!ess!e %"nt!"l.

T!&ine p!"te%ti"ns.

T(e 'n%ti"n "' t(e g"ve!ning s#stem is maintaining t(e %"nstant spee+ "' t!&ine at 000

!pm i!!espe%tive "' t(e l"a+. 6"! t(is p!p"se *e %"nt!"l t(e antit# "' t(e steam

ente!ing int" t(e t!&ine.

SOME BASIC USEFUL TERMS

In t(is se%ti"n 'e* &asi% te!ms a!e int!"+%e+ *(i%( a!e m"st %"mm"nl# se+ in t!&ineg"ve!ning s#stem.

GOVERNING SYSTEM

A s#stem *("se p!p"se is t" g"ve!n "! %"nt!"l a p!ime m"ve! is %alle+ g"ve!nings#stem.

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SPEED GOVERNOR

T(e g"ve!n"! *(i%( %"nt!"ls t(e spee+ "' t(e p!ime m"ve! is %alle+ as spee+ g"ve!n"!. It

in%l+es t("se elements *(i%( a!e +i!e%tl# !esp"nsive t" spee+.

SPEED CHANGER

T(e spee+ %(ange! is a +evi%e '"! %(anging t(e setting "' t(e g"ve!ning s#stem *it(in t(e

spe%i'ie+ spee+ !ange *(ile t(e t!&ine is in "pe!ati"n.

SPEED RANGE

Spee+ !ange is spe%i'ie+ !ange "' "pe!ating spee+s &el"* an+ a&"ve !ate+ spee+ '"!

*(i%( t(e g"ve!n"! is a+$sta&le *(en t(e t!&ine is "pe!ating n+e! t(e %"nt!"l "' spee+

g"ve!n"!.

SPEED VARIATION

Spee+ va!iati"n eFp!esse+ as pe!%entage "' !ate+ spee+ is t(e t"tal magnit+e "' t(e spee+%(ange "! t(e 'l%tati"ns '!"m t(e spee+ setting n+e! stea+# state "pe!ating %"n+iti"n.

DEAD BAND

It is t(e t"tal magnit+e "' t(e inpt signal '"! *(i%( t(e!e is n" meas!a&le %(ange in"tpt.

DEAD TIME

It is t(e time t(at elapses &et*een t(e sta!t "' an inpt %(ange an+ t(e sta!t "' t(e

!eslting "tpt %(ange.

RESPONSE TIME

T(e time !ei!e+ '"! a g"ve!n"! "! g"ve!ning s#stem t" ma)e a %(ange '!"m initial vale

t" a spe%i'ie+ la!ge2 pe!%entage "' t(e 'inal stea+# vale.

STABILITY

T(e a&ilit# "' a g"ve!n"! "! %"nt!"l s#stem t" ma)e %"!!e%ti"ns in t(e s("!test p"ssi&le

time s" t(at sstaine+ "s%illati"ns "' spee+ is n"t p!"+%e+ t(e g"ve!ning s#stem.

GAIN

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It is t(e !ati" "' t(e %(ange in "tpt signal t" %(ange in inpt signal.

RESET TIME

T(e time !ei!e+ a +evi%e t" p!"+%e "tpt signal eal t"


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minimm vale gate. T(e s#stem is n"t eFe!%ising %"nt!"l at an# given p"int. T(ese t*"

assem&lies '"!m t(e &asis "' t(e g"ve!ning s#stem.

HYDAULIC SPEED GOVERNOR

T(e main "il pmp spplies t(e p!ima!# "il. T(is p!ima!# "il p!ess!e is p!"p"!ti"nal t"spee+. It a%ts "n t(e +iap(!agm "' t(e HS7 against t(e '"!%e "' spee+ setting sp!ing. T(et!avel "' t(e +iap(!agm is t!ansmitte+ t(e lin)ages t" t(e sleeve "' t(e aFilia!# '"ll"*

p pist"ns. T(s %(anging +iap(!agm p"siti"n t(e signal "il p!ess!e %(anges an+ t(is

in t!n %"nt!"ls t(e %"nt!"l valve se!v"m"t"!.

ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC CONVERTOR

T(e EH3 %"nsists "' spee+ %"nt!"l %"nve!t"! an+ a plnge! %"il s#stem. T(e signal '!"m

t(e EH3 a%tates t(e %"nt!"l sleeve via t(e plnge! %"il s#stem.

In a++iti"n t" t(ese t*" assem&lies t(e!e a!e "t(e! assem&lies als"C

/ain t!ip valve.

ATT %(ange "ve! valve at"mati% t!&ine teste!2.

5S t!ip test +evi%e "ve! spee+2.

L"* va%m %"n+ense! p!"te%ti"n +evi%e.

EFe!ti"n valve !ela#.

T(!st &ea!ing t!ip.

All t(ese assem&lies a!e p!"te%tive +evi%es an+ a!e n"t (aving an# !"le in g"ve!ning ass%(.

All t(ese assem&lies eF%ept t(e t(!st &ea!ing t!ip a!e m"nte+ "n a %a&inet )n"*n as

g"ve!ning !a%).

In a++iti"n t" t(e g"ve!ning !a%) t(e!e is LP 9PASS RA3 als". T(e 'n%ti"n "' LPpass !a%) %"nt!"l s#stem is t" m"nit"! t(e p!ess!e in t(e !e(eat s#stem an+ t" %"nt!"l

it n+e! %e!tain "pe!ating %"n+iti"ns. D!ing t(e sta!tp an+ s(t +"*n an+ t(e "pe!ati"ns

&el"* a minimm &"ile! l"a+ t(e v"lme "' t(e steam is n"t tilie+ t(e IP 8 LP%#lin+e!s is passe+ t" t(e %"n+ense! via t(e LP 9PASS valves. T(e main %"mp"nents "'

t(e LP 9PASS RA3 a!e as '"ll"*sC

H#+!ali% %"nve!t"!.

Is)ania g"ve!n"!.

L"* va%m %"n+ense! p!"te%ti"n.

Sp!a# valve p!ess!e s*it%(.

Pil"t valve '"! *ate! in$e%ti"n valve.

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SE#"$%$T$#

6"! HP t!&ine *e (ave E/ER7EN39 ST5P 8 35NTR5L VALVE an+

SERV5/5T5R.

6"! IP t!&ine *e (ave INTER3EPT5R VALVE 8 35NTR5L VALVE an+

SERV5/5T5R.

6"! LP t!&ine *e (ave LP 9PASS RA3 an+ SERV5/5T5R.

T(e st"p valve se!v"m"t"! is eit(e! 'll# "pen "! 'll# %l"se+. -(en se!v"m"t"! is 'll#"pen steam %an ente! t(e t!&ine. 3"nt!"l valve se!v"m"t"! "pens as pe! t(e

!ei!ements. It (as a 'ee+ &a%) s#stem an+ t(e!e is instant a+$stment as pe! l"a+!ei!ement. H"* m%( t(e se!v"m"t"!s "pen +epen+s "n t(e signal '!"m t(e HS7 an+

EH3.

SPECIAL PROCESSES USED IN MAKING OF GOVERNOR PARTS

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STERILIIN7

In t(is p!"%ess t(e mate!ial t" &e (a!+ene+ is %"ate+ *it( a t(in la#e! "' ste!ellite t"

in%!ease t(e li'e "' t(e %"mp"nent. T(e a+vantage "' ste!elliting is t(at ste!ellite is a&le t"!etain its (a!+ness at (ig( tempe!at!es.

NITRIDIN7

In t(is p!"%ess t(e mate!ial *(i%( is t" &e (a!+ene+ is t!eate+ *it( HN5 an+ t(is p!"%ess

is se+ '"! less imp"!tant pa!ts i.e. *(i%( a!e eas# t" !epla%e *(en *"!n "t.

DP TEST

T(is test is p!"%e+!e '"! %(e%)ing t(e %!a%)s an+ 'la*s in t(e %"mp"nents "' g"ve!n"! s"

t(at t(e %"mp"nents a!e a&le t" *it(stan+ t(e (ig( vi&!ati"n insi+e t(e g"ve!n"!.

Stea/ t.rbine 7overnin7

NOZZLE GOVERNING

-it( n"le g"ve!ning a se!ies "' n"le valves "pen in seen%e as t(e l"a+ in%!eases.T(is t#pe "' g"ve!ning is m"st e''i%ient an+ is se+ '"! t(e implse t!&ines t(!"ttle

g"ve!ning. -it( t(!"ttle g"ve!ning a single la!ge %"nt!"l valve %"nt!"ls t(e l"a+ '!"m 0G

t" 100G. 6"! la!ge t!&ines t*" %"nt!"l vanes "pe!ating in pa!allel !epla%e a la!ge singlevalve. -(en t(e steam is t(!"ttle+ t(e spe!(eat in%!eases an+ t(e t!&ine eF(ast steam

is +!ie! !e+%ing t(e t!&ine &la+e e!"si"n, &t *it( t(e +!ie! steam ente!ing t(e

%"n+ense! t(e %"n+ense! l"sses in%!eases. T(!"ttling "' steam t(!"g( a valve is anisent(alpi% %"nstant ent(alp#2 p!"%ess an+ n" (eat is l"st. T(e s" %alle+ t(!"ttling l"sses

"%%! in t(e %"n+ense!.

BY PASS GOVERNING OR OVERLOAD GOVERNING

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T(is s#stem is se+ "n implse as *ell as !ea%ti"n t!&ines. An eFt!a set "' %"nt!"l valves

a+mit steam t" t(e spa%e &e(in+ t(e 3!tis *(eel "! '"! t(e !ea%ti"n t!&ine t" an annla!

spa%e &e(in+ t(e 'i!st >1: stages. #passing pa!t "' t(e t!&ine in%!eases t(e t!&ine%apa%it# &t at !e+%e+ e''i%ien%#. T(e pass valves a!e smalle! t(an t(e !egla!

g"ve!n"! valves as t"" m%( pass steam ma# sta!ve t(e passe+ stages !"tating in

steam at ve!# (ig( +ensit# an+ t(e &la+es ma# "ve!(eat.

TURBINE GOVERNORS

T(e t*" gene!al t#pes "' g"ve!n"!s se+ a!e t(e spee+ sensitive g"ve!n"! an+ t(ep!ess!e sensitive g"ve!n"!. Spee+ sensitive g"ve!n"!s a!e applie+ t" all )in+s "' t!&ines.

P!ess!e sensitive g"ve!n"!s a!e applie+ t" &a%) p!ess!e an+ eFt!a%ti"n t!&ines in

%"nne%ti"n *it( t(e spee+ sensitive g"ve!n"!.

SPEED GOVERNING

T(e '!een%# "' ;0H is se+ as t(e set p"int "' &alan%e &et*een sppl# an+ t(e +eman+"' an ele%t!i% net*"!). An# "ve! sppl# "' ene!g# *ill in%!ease t(e '!een%# an+ an

n+e! sppl# *ill +e%!ease t(e '!een%#. T(e sppl# se+ at an# time is eal t" t(e

+eman+ an+ t" )eep t(e '!een%# at eFa%tl# ;0 H.

OVER SPEED TRIP

T(e (ig( !"tati"nal spee+ "' t!&ines %!eates la!ge %ent!i'gal '"!%es as t(ese '"!%es

in%!ease s *it( t(e sa!e "' t(e spee+. T(e!e'"!e an a&s"lte !elia&le "ve! spee+p!"te%ti"n mst &e p!"vi+e+.

T(e "ve! spee+ t!ip is me%(ani%al(#+!ali% an+ s("*s %lea!l# t(e "pe!ating p!in%iple "'

all "ve! spee+ t!ips '"! t!&ines *it( (#+!ali% g"ve!n"! s#stems. T(e sp!ing l"a+e+

t!ipping &"lt l"%ate+ in t(e t!&ine s(a't (as t(e %ent!e "' g!avit# slig(tl# "'' t(e %ent!e "'

t(e s(a't in +i!e%ti"n "' t(e &"lt (ea+. T(e nt at t(e en+ "' t(e &"lt p!"vi+es a st"p '"! t(e&"lt in t(e t!ippe+ p"siti"n an+ '"! t!ipping spee+ a+$stment. D!ing n"!mal "pe!ati"n

t(e main sp!ing ("l+s t(e !ela# !"+ against t(e t!ipping leve! pist"n A (as %l"se+ t(e "il+!ain an+ HP "il passes &et*een t(e pist"ns A an+ t" t(e st"p valve.

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A&&!ICATI$N8USES $F STEA%

TU#BINES

STEAM TUR

Re'ine!#

H#+!"gen 3!a%)ing

Desl'!iati"n

3atal#ti% 3!a%)ing

3(emi%al 8et!"%(emi%al

/et(an"l

5le'ine

Te!ep(t(ali% A%i+

6e!tilie!

Amm"nia

Nit!i% A%i+

In+st!ial 7ases

Ai! Sepa!ati"nI!"n 8 Steel,

/ining

last 6!na%e

P"*e! 7ene!ati"n

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Industrial Training Report of BHEL Haridwar

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