INDUSTRIAL TRAININGON FTP AND GRUB

ANIRUDH PANDEY 1212210020 CS-71

INTRODUCTIONWe have worked upon administration of

RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) which is used for administration in various renowned and large organization for better administration of both system as well as their server. One of the main reason for Linux distribution being widely used is that it can be configured as per user requirements without compromising with security of the system and is more scalable than any other operating system.

Hardware and Software Requirements

• Hardware:• 15 GB or more disk space on HDD.• 512 MB RAM

• Software requirements:• RedHat Enterprise Linux 5.3 or 5.5 or

6• Other requirements are:• A Static IP

What is Linux?An OS based on UNIX, was first by

Sir Linux Torvalds.

Free, Open Source and intended as a non-propriety OS for the masses.

Based on Linux Kernel.

What is Kernel?A low level System Software

whose main role is to manage hardware resources for the user.

Also Used to Provide an interface for user-level interaction.

Advantage of Open SourceAllows You to Distribute Your

Software, including Source Codes Freely to anyone who is interested.

People can add Features and Correct errors i.e., R & D Team is Public.

IPTABLESFirewall means to open and close

Ports.In Linux, Every Port is blocked

and rules has to be defined to open a port.

To Configure firewall ,IP Tables are used.

Syntax:- iptables –I INPUT 1 –s allowip –p protocol –dport portno. –j ACCEPT.

V.S.F.T.PThe File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is

the set of programs used for transferring files between systems on the Internet.

FTP can be used to both upload (send) or download (receive) files from other Internet sites. 

V.S.F.T.PFTP is built on a client-server

 architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server.

Establishes two connections b/w client and server.

V.S.F.T.PPort 21 is for Control Connection

and Port 20 for data connection.

Control Connection is maintained during the entire FTP session while Data connection is closed after time file is transferred.

DEMO OF FTP

GRUBGNU GRUB is a bootloader (can

also be spelled boot loader) capable of loading a variety of free and proprietary operating systems. GRUB will work well with Linux, DOS, Windows, or BSD. GRUB stands for GRand Unified Bootloader.

GRUBGRUB is dynamically

configurable. This means that the user can make changes during the boot time, which include altering existing boot entries, adding new, custom entries, selecting different kernels.

WORKING OF GRUBWhen a computer boots, the

BIOS transfers control to the first boot device, which can be a hard disk, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, or any other BIOS-recognized device.

WORKING OF GRUBThe first sector on a hard is called the Master

Boot Record (MBR). This sector is only 512 bytes long and contains a small piece of code (446 bytes) called the primary boot loader and the partition table (64 bytes) describing the primary and extended partitions.

By default, MBR code looks for the partition marked as active and once such a partition is found, it loads its boot sector into memory and passes control to it.

GRUB replaces the default MBR with its own code.

DEMO OF GRUB

ACKNOWLDEGEMENTExchange of ideas generates the new object to work in a better way whenever a person is helped and cooperated by others his heart is

bound to pay gratitude to them. 

I feel privileged to acknowledge my sincere gratitude to our Project Guide – Mr. Mayank Khare for constant encouragement, guidance, invaluable direction and meticulous attention during the project work.

 My sincere thanks to Mr.Brijesh and Ms.Juhi, Project co-

coordinator, for providing whole-hearted cooperation. 

I wish to convey my sincere thanks to Mr. Pankaj Agarwal (Director), Mrs. Pooja Agarwal (Dean), Mr. Alok Misra (HOD, CS Department), Faculty Of Engineering and Technology, and all those who directly or

indirectly have contributed their assistance in finishing out this project successfully.

  Regards

ANIRUDH PANDEY

THANK YOU