~II~ IIII~ - IFES · KOJ1arWbl )Kalle )KaKCblpaK CKeHiH 03i TY>Kblpbli'-lnaraHbl 36Jan, ATl...

$: ~II~ IIII~ - IFES · KOJ1arWbl )Kalle )KaKCblpaK CKeHiH 03i TY>Kblpbli'-lnaraHbl 36Jan, ATl a3a:"JaTIb1K 6iIlhlHi~l MaKCaTbI a!la~I.1apllbl YllTTblK JlapelKellC !Ie, COHb!.\!eH$
Date Printed: 11/18/2008

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1FES 1D:

1FES 6

10

Civic Education Textbook, Civic Education: Basic Course 1st Edition

2002

Kazakhstan

ROl715

~II~ IIII~ - 4 7 D 0 -

International Foundation for Election Systems (IFES)

Final Project Report REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

October 1, 1997 - September 30, 2002 USAID Cooperative Agreement EE-A-00-97-00034-00

Civic Education Textbook "The Civic Education: Basic Course", 15t edition (in Kazakh)

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6aranapbl OCb[ Hapb[K a5lCb[HiW 6c,1rineHclli, C6nTin 6yn 6araJlap aftb[p6aCKa TyCKeH Tayap MeH Kb[3~leTTiH ;t\en<i.liKTi He )Ken::iJliKCi3 eKCH.airiH aOKbIHllai1!lbl. Kel16ip TayapJlap.ablH GaraCbl )KOrapbl 60.1Ybl, OHbl CaThIn

3.1yrn IIIteTi lKaHe MYMKiH.1iri Gap MaMLWp.1b[H KO.~b[H lKeTKi3yre ~IYMKiHlIiK ryllb[pallbl lKaHC cjlttp.\[aJJap.'lb[

cOIllIaii 6enrini 6ip ilapClKeile TanWb[ myapilb[ KG6ipeK 6H.1ipyre ltTep~[cnenlli. An ellili CO,l 6aranap Ka.1aii

~,!bll(raJlnllbl? )f(aHe oJlap HC ce6enTCH 03repicKc YWblpan OTblpanbl?

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nyapilblli 6araCb[ aHb[KTa,13.1bl. Hapb[KTb[K 3KOHOW[KaHb[1l nap~leHlli Typile lKYMblC iCTeyi YCb[Hb[C neH cypallblc

KYWTCpillill epKiH, ew TC)KeyciJ K.b13~leT eTyiHe 6atl.rwHblCTbl.

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apacblfum Typni 6araMeH CaTKb[Cb[ KencTiH myapnap MElnwepi. ATaJlMb[w myapllblli He t(b[3MemH6araCb[ 3pTKail

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('13P['[K:Ib[IK KJlt[PIIHrTIK 6araHb[1\ 1)'blllllaYb[Ha, ~rHII caTblny Typitme cypaHblcKa lie Tayapnapllb[1\ MGnwcpi co:!

.iKa61lbIKTaYWbIJJaP;1bIH 9Hniprici KCIIcnH MGllLUCpiHe caihta-caii Kencnll )Kar.aaHlTbll{ naii;w

[.tioii~bl\ia aKcn COKTb[palibl. 5yn ItaPb[KTb[K KJlIlPIIHrTIK 6arallb[ KCnlle "Tene-TeHlliK 6araCb[" lien Te 3Tallllb[.

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MYMKif-l. AIITaJlhIK, .iKacecnipiMllCP 6cnriJli 6ip myapllapra KaTblCTbI Ta.rlra~1 )KElHe TCHUlay ~mccJlcciliC

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TypiHCIi naMeni GonYbl KepCK. Kap)K.b1 lKHHaHTblHJlap 6ipeynepre K.apbl3ra aK,Wa 6epin, nailbl3 (npouellT) anynaH

llaMcni (con aK,WaHbl 6acI<.aJlapra HCCHere 6epcTiH 6aHKTCp CblK,bIMbl). bIHTaJlaHynblf{ 6yn TypiH "npoueHT" nereH

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bll-narWH.D.blpy TYpnepi 3KOHOMltKa a5lCbllUla ol1uaywbwapnbl KoraM HriniriH K(3)let1:riH ic-apCKCTKC

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anblpGacKa Jl(on alllallbi. EpiKTi anblp6aCTbi HapblK 3KOHoMIIKaCbIHblf{ meri nen aTayra 60nanbl. MacenCH,

l)'TbIHYWbl ryl1 TYKhIMblH CaTbln anbln, aynacblHa Olblpfbl3faH.D.a, OHblH CalbIn 3J1YlllblnblK. ic-apcKcTiHeH 93

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MYMeci 6yn Jl(epne 1<.0raM MYlllleciHe caii.

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YFbilla 6epMcil.Ili. Onap 3KOHOWIKaHbi "HonniK HanlJl(Cni OnblH" pcTiHJle l<.apaCTblpYbl MYMKiH, HrHII onap 6ip

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Olt HiHIUKeni OHbIH. An WblHllblfblHa KenCCK, 3KOHo~mKa "Ot-{ HanDKcni OHbIH" 60nbIn TIl6bln3HbI,

onTK.eHi carylllbi Ila, CaTbIn anYlllbl na Ma"aHnaHYllblH apKaCblHlla Jl(aHe anblp6ac apK,bI.%1 03 MYlllleciHC Jl(eTcro.

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YTbl.l1,\tai1.;lbI, - eKi )l(aK TIl 83 naHnaCblHa K.on )I(eTKiJe.ni.

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accp (3q,q,eKT) OpblH aJlnblnereH C03. CbIPTK,b1 acep "OH" IlC "Tepic" 60nanbl.

"Oil CblPTl(b1 acep.~ep". Of{ CbIPTK,b1 acepnep YWiHWi 6ipeyncpre naiina aKcneni. Of{ CblpTKbl acepi Ko6ipeK Tayap"ap MeH K,b13"CT T)'pnepi, alleTTe, Jl(cTKiniKTi Monwcplle oHnipinMen ;KaTanbl, OiiTKCHi onapilblH

nai'l1lanbl Jl(aKTapbl T\'TblHYlllblnap TapanblHaH cypaHblc Ta6a 6epMei1ni. MaccnCH, TyMayra l<.apCbl BaKUIIHaUlI~aH

el)'wi aua~1 MyHhl 83 nafi.aaCbl YWiH, HfHH TYMaYMCHeH ayblp~IaC YWiH, iCTet'niHi 6eJlrini, anaii.aa, 6YllaH OHbl

1<.0pWanTblH anaMnap na nallna Kopcni, efiTK.eHi con anaMHaH T)'May onapra ClIlli JI(¥K.naiillbl. .nan con Tapbni,

OI<.Ylllbl Jl(al<.Cbl OK,blraHHaH lKCKC 03 6aCbl nalina Kapepi allbll<., 6ipal<. 1<.0raMHblf{ 6acI<.a "Ylllcnepi nc CpiKci3 TYpnc OCblraH MYllllcni - efiTK.CHi Jl(al<.Cbl 6iniM aJlraH OI<.YWbl cpTCHri KYHi 6iniKTi MaMaH lIeci 60nanbl roll ...

"Tepic CblPTKbI acepJIep." CbIPTK,b1 Tepic accpi Kon Tayapnapnblf{ 6aracbl na TOMeH 60nanbl Jl(aHe

Hapbll<.Tbl1<. I<.ora"na onap apTblrblMeH oHl\ipinin Jl(aTaTblHbl aHbll<., ce6c6i oHnipicTif{ TOnb11<. I<.YHbl o.~ Tayapnapra

1<.0CblmIall1lbi. 8Hnipy MeH T\'TbIHY I<.YHblHbl1\ Kcrl6ip 6eniri YllliHllli Jl(al<.Ka Jl(YKTeneni. (Anallna, COT apK,blnbl

Kynanai', OTblPblfi, Jl(ayanKcpwiniKTi TCpic CblpTl<.bl acep rynblpaTblH Jl(aI<.TbIH o3iHe apryra 60nanbl). KOiJlllaraH

opTaHbl naCTaHl\blpy - OCblHl\afi Tcpic CblpTl<.bl acepnil{ 6ip KopiHici. (.nereHMCH, 1<.0pWaraH OPTaHbl naCTaYlllbl

8Hnipic Henepi COTTbII<. ic 1<.03ray HaTIIJl(eciHnC ynKcH all bin Tencn Jl(aTaTbIH ~amaMnap na KC3necin Typanbl.)

l\oraM.Ilbl" TfThl1l)' Tayapnapbl. Hapbll<.Tbl1<. 3KQHOMHKa aHCblHl\a oHnipincTiH Tayapnap MCII K,b13MCT

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KspcendwTep.

811c611cncp:

James D. Gwartney and Richard L. Stroup, What 'Everyone Should Know About Economics and Prosperi tv.

(1993). (j:\lKeihtc L\. ryapTlIll )KeHe PI14apil JI. CllJoyn, "3KoHoM"Ka lKeHe spKeHlley TVpanbl epKhl Ite 6iJlvi

Tuic").

• KeJleci 6sJliMJlepile Mblfla,uail eH6eKTepileH lleneKCEl3llep KeJlTipiJlelli:

Charles F. Bahmueller, General Editor, CIVITAS: A Framework For Civic Education. (1991), pp. 188-192. (lfapJlb3 EaaMIOJlJlep, Eac capanwbl, "CI1BI1TAC: A3aManbiK 6iJli" 6epyniH aH<lf,I", 1991. 188-192 6enep).

P.A. Samuelson, Economics: An Introductorv Analysis. (n.A. C3~1I0eJlbCOH, "3KoHoMJ.tKa: Kipicne Ta.~lla\''').

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aae6uem:

,IH. George Murdock, Social Struct~re (1949). (,!J.)KOPlllK MepnoK, "oJleYMcniK KYDbl.%I"", 1949). J.Aldous and R.Hill, International Bibliography of Research in Marriage and the Family. 1960-1964. (1967).

'yJl (,!J.)K,A.%nyc lKaHe P.XIlJUl, "Oroacbl )KoHe HeKeJlecYlliH XMblKfmaJlblK 6116mlOmadJIIRcbl, 1960-1964", 1967). lift DK Blitzen, The World of the Familv (1963). eu.p. 6J11H1.1eH, "0T6aCbl aJle~li", 1963), blK: J.N. Anderson, ed" familv Law in Asia and Africa. (1968). (,lJ,lK. H. AHllepcoH, capamUbl, "A3l1Mafbl ",aHe

blf{ AdJDIIKanarbl oroacblnblK KYKbIK", 1968). ·eH. W.Friedman, cd., Matrimonial Property Law, (1955), (Y,<I>pHllMaH, capanUlbl, "OroacblJlblK MeHLUiKTiK KYKh'K",

He 1955). /bl Francis Fukuyama, Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of ProsperitY., (1995). (<I>peHClic <I>YKY"'ta,

Ie,. "CeHiM: oJlcY,\IerriK 1'3611FaT lK8He 8pKeHAey,ail{ KYPbIJlYbl", 1995). Ha

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8ne6HeT:

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651), (To"ac fo66c, "JleBlfa(baH", 1651t

John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government. (1690). (.[\lKOH JlOKK, "YKiMeT TYPaJJhl eKiHwi TpaKTaT", 1690).

Hans Kohn, The Idea of Nationalism: A Study in Its Origins and Background (1944). (faHc KOOlI, "¥mulhlJU\bllS I

wteHCbl: OHbtH naOna 60JIYhIH )K8HC TVO TaMbIQnapblH 3CPrrcy", 1944). l Hannah Arendt, On Revolution (1963), (XaHHa ApellJlT, "ToltKepic lK8HitlJlC", 1963), i Douglas Klusmeyer, Between Consent and Descent: Conccptions of Democratic CitizenshiR (1996). KJTfOCMCHCp. "KcniciM MCH ma6YhL'l apaCblHila: ilcMoKpaTlHlJIblK a3a~I3TTbIKTbIH KOHllcnulUUlapbl". 1996),

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(5) )J(eKe aJlblHeaH e/lee maH YKiMem K,¥pbII1blMbl.

~

BY.l TapaYlla MhlHaJlall TaKhlpblnTapllh1 J<aMry KepeK:

~. Enue Ka3ip 6aCKapYJlbll{ KaHllaii <jJop~laChl nai'UlanaHblnaJIhl (~fHI1 KOHcHlryUIt~nhIK pecny6,11lKa ~Ia a.'lllC

I 6aCKaMa}.

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Byn 6iphlflfaii (YHIlTapnhIK) e.l Me, lKOK na.

Enueri lKepriniKTi 93iH-S3i 6acKapy lKyiieciHil{ Ta611faThi KaHllmi.

61'11 en s3iHeH 30p eMil{ 6S.1iri 6011bln KSPlli Me.

En KaHllaJ1 OllaKTapfa MyweniK eTelli?

81le611eT:

Carl J .Friedrich, Man and His Government: An Empirical Theory of Politics (l963). (Kap,l D.lK. <DPIIllPIIX, "AllaM

lKaHe OHhifl YKiMCTi: CaHCaTThl1{ 3Mnltpl1KanhiK reopH~Chl", 1963). ". Harry Eckstein and David E. Apter, eds., Comparative Politics (1963). (rapplI 3KcTeilH lKaHe D.3BIIil E. AnH:p,

capanwhwap, "Ca.lhICThIPManhl ca~caT", 1963). John C. Wahlke and Alan Dragnich, eds., Government and Politics (l966). ()J.lKOH BanhKe lKaHC AllaH D.parHlI'I,

capanwhlnap, "YKh,CT lKaHe C3HcaT", 1966).

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35 211 Toye,~ci3 Me~lJIeKCTTiI\ callJ1ay lKl'iic!1epi (1997)

Ca'lJ1ay lKyileci, 1997 lK, Typi nap!1aMeHT K9neMi (I)

ME)!( n!1lopamtCTIK 205 napa!1!1e!1b-EA)!( )!(apThlnaii-ne 140

nn)!( ne 430 ME)!( n!1lopamtCTIK 20

napanJ1eJ1b- EnOKTIK )!(apTblJ1aii-ne 28 nn)!( ne 220 ME)!( n!1lopamtcTI K 17 1. nn)!( ne 257 I

napaJlJ1eJ1b-M Ei)!( )!(apTbl!1alt-n e 189 ME)!( n!1l0paJmCTIK 21

Eij], MalKOpl1TapJ1blK 148 nn)!( ne 183

napaJl!1eJ1b-EA)!( )!(apTblnalt-ne 125 ME)!( TI!1IopamtcTiK 49

EnOKTIK-MEi)!( n!1l0panllCTiK 30 ME)!( n!1l0paJlIICTIK 300 ME)!( n!1lopaJ1ltCTIK 28 EA)!( MalKOpltTap!1blK 260 nn)!( TIe 150 MEi)!( n!1l0paJll1CTIK 29 nn)!( ne 83

Ei,qOKTiK n!1lopamtCTIK 40 ME)!( nmOpanllCTI K 150 AnM ne 130 nn)!( ne 240 MEi)!( n!1lopanltcTI K 47 nn)!( TIe 513

TiKellen caHllaycbl3 -- --nn)!( ne 240 nn)!( ne III nn)!( n!1l0panllCTIK 485 nn)!( ne 81 nTI)!( ne 120

napaJlneJ1b- n n)!( )!(apTblJ1an-ne 180 ME)!( n!1l0p~ltC';K 295 nTI)!( ne 79 nn)!( ne 19 EA)!( MalKOpllTapnblK 85 EA)!( MalKOpllTapJ1blK 125 TIn)!( ne 120

TiKe.rleH C3HnUYCbl3 -- --nn)!( TIe 168 EA)!( MalKOpllTapJ1blK 42 EA)!( MalKOpltTapJ1blK 125 ME)!( nmopanllcliK 25 nmK ne 57

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Ky6a EA>K -~" """, '" 1.89 ,--"

K'lnp nn>K ne 80 '-lex I'ccli ~. nn>K ne 200

,iJ,aH,m nn>K ne 179 ,iJ,)I(H6ym nn6)J, nmopan"~"';v 65 11.·

liO,"'IHIIKa M6>K nl"A-' '''O'"K 2' 1 .. nmllHH1KaH r~cllyUJIIIKaCbl nn>K ne 120 ~',-,--

< _na'" n np nL-nn5,iJ, W"nTL~ 77 C~ ErllneT EA>K ,nL'" 444 i ..

">n, ['l.11 nn>K ne 84 '--" ,nco". rBltHe~ nn>K ne 80 :.

.:111'''110 >1 ~ nn>K ne SO ',~ .

3CTOHII~ nn>K ne 101 ~ '-''I'" U "'HI M5>K n n~no nllcnK 547 -'-:..

'VII'KI M5>K n ",Ano n"~:;:;; 14 <D18Xll [;, ..-. M[;')I(

w n.n'A-' nllcn K 2Q. ...:. ,,"-"" nn>K ne 200 :

<Dpaw' "'0 EA)K 577 ...:. -<Dp-;;;ruY3 r EA>K ,all,'blK. 19 ..:

.n, J:ln>K ne 41 ..::. ra60H EA>K M, ,ap,1bll< 120

~ ra~'h'," M6>K flmopamlcnK 36 rpY311~ napa.nnpnL.F A W >KapTblnan-ne 235 ." r( ,n i\nM ne 656

~

raHa M5>K nn~non"~"';v 200 ~

rpeUlHI nn>K ne 300 -rnpwnnn M5>K n.n~no n"~';:;;:;- 15 f--

rB~' (ctJnOH"','O\ EA>K M, , "'1l,1bll< 42 -rya" (AKW) M5>K nnrno n"~';:;-K 21 -rBaTe~lana n, ,." 'V1F;)K -)k-hllll ne 82 -

repHcll (6K) M5>K nl'~no n;;~-riK ~ f--rBl;;:;e~ neoonnpnh-M5>K >KaPTb,n,r'-ne 114 :--

I ' nn>K ne 100 ~

rar;a;;a nn>K ne 53 '-~

rallTll EA>K "" '.lh'" 83_ ~

rOf""no~ nn>K ne 128 .c:- o::-BeHrpllH AnM ne 386 ~ f '''~n"w"''n nn>K ne 63 .c: Ylln;~~u ~6>K ·nmo~ 543 ~ ~ 'i-fHI nn>K ne 425 ~ 'f"

I1paH EA>K ~ja)Kop;; .n 270 '" fL ~1paK EA)K I'vl,· ., ... v 250 "-IAnnow",,,, L\T,iJ, ne 166 ,;. ~

T"bH apa.,"bl (5K) M6>K nmopanllcnK 24 j;; ~ 113palll'h nn>K 'Ile 120 .J-I1Ta1l1H AnM ne 63Q.

nil! L yneriHiH >KaranaYbl 6J10~';K -IVI 5>K nmopal'''~'':iK 175 5hlaiiKa M5>K n.11VllilJlllcnK 60 I

>KanOH'!}1 nnn .. n flP ".-/vI 5>K ')I( " :~'-ne 500

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LllKcpClI (oK) Mo)f( IlmOpnJIIICTiK 53 VlopHnHIIH LlTLl )f(npTbtnai't-lle 80 KaJ[lKCTIUI Mo)f( IlmOpaJllICTIK 67

KCHIIH Mo)f( IlmopaJI" CTI K 188 KllpII6nTII EA)f( MalKOpllTapnblK 39

ComYCTiK Kopell Mo)f( IlmOpaJllICTIK 687 OmycriK KOPCH llapaJlncnb-Mo)f( )f(npTblnaii-lle 299

KYBeiiT OnOKTIK IlnlOPaJll1CTiK 50 K,bIPFbIJCTaH EA)f( MalKOpl1TapnblK 35

Jlaoc OnOKTIK IlnlOpanllCTIK 85 JlaTBI1H Illl)f( Ile 100 JhIBaH -. llooLl IlmOpaJIlICTiK 128 JlCCOTO Mo)f( IlnlOpam1CTI K 65

Jlll6epIIH Illl)f( Ile 64 JlI\BIIH TiKcncii caiinaycblJ -- --

JlIIXTCHWTeiiH Illl)f( Ile 25 JhtTBa llapanncnb-EA)f( )f(npTblnnii-lle 141

JlloKccM6ypr Illl)f( Ile 60 MaKCHOHII5I EA)f( MalKopmapnblK 120 MallaracKap nn)f( ne 138

MaJlaBII Mo)f( nnlOpaJIlICTI K 177 MaJlaiiJI1H Mo)f( IlnlOpaJIllcTiK 192 Ma,1bllllB OnOKTIK nnlOpaQIlCTIK 40

MaJlll EA)f( MalKOpl1TapnblK 147 MaJlbTa - LlTJl ne 65 -

Mapwann apaJIHapbl Mo)f( nnlOpaJIlICTIK 33 MapTIIHI1Ka (<\JpaHwHI) EA)f( MalKOpl1TapnblK 45

MaypllTaHII5I EA)f( MalKOpllTapnblK 79 MaBplIKllii OnOKTIK nmOpaJll1CTIK 70

Me'loT (<\JpaHUIIH) EA)f(-Mo)f( MalKOpllTapnblK 17 MCKclIKa AnM ne 500 MOMoBa EA)f( MalKOpl1TapnblK 104 MOHaKo EA)f( MalKOpllTapnblK 18

MOHFOnt1H Mo)f( nnlOpanllCTIK 76 MOHTceppaT Mo)f( Ilnlopanl1cTiK 7

MapoKKo Mo)f( IlnlOPaJIllCTIK 222 MOJaM611K Iln)f( ne 250 HaM1161151 nn)f( ne .. 72

Haypy oLl MalKOpllTapnblK 18 HenaJI" Mo)f( nmopanl1CTIK 205

H I1HCpnali.1\ nn)f( ne 150 HIIHcpnalUl AHTltnJlapbl nll)f( ne 27

)f(aHa KaJleHOIHlH (<\JpaIlUII5I) nn)f( ne 54 )f(alta 3enaHJlII5I AIlM ne 120

HIIKaparya nn)f( ne 92 Hllrep napaJInenb-Mo)f( )f(apTblnai1-1l e 83

HHrcplIS1 Mo)f( nmOpaJIlICTI K 593 HIIIO ()f(aHa 3CJtallHIIH) OnOKTIK-Mo)f( nnlopaJIl1cTiK 20

ConTYCTiK MapllaH i\paJIj~1Pbl Mo)f( llnlopaJIIlcTiK I~

("Kill'

'-HopBenlll nmK ne 165 ~':.i

f..":'-O~IaH TIKeneCi catinaycbl3 -- -- ~ 1,>1"

naKicTIlH ME)K nmOpaJlIlCTI K 217 ~~ -r :: ..

nanay ME)K nmOpaJIHCTIK 30 ~! ~~Tl naneCTllHa aBroHOMIHlCbl EnOKTIK nmOpanllCTIK 88 a~ 1 ,. -:

naHaMa nn)K ne 72 ~.V nanya )KaH.a rBIIHeH . ME)K nmOpaJlllCTIK 109 .~~~

'I -

naparsati nn)K ne 80 ~~~ nepy nn)K ne 120

~~.~

:~ ¢HnHnmlH EnOKTIK nmOpanllCTIK 204 nOJIbWa nn)K ne 460 ;~

,~.~~ nopryraJllIH •• nn)K ne 230 '~

ny3pro PIIKO (AK.W) ME)K nmOpanllCTIK 53 t-"-KaTap TIKenei1 cai1naycbl3 -- -- p.;--

PelOHboH (¢paHUH5I) EA)K MalKOpllTapJlblK 44 r-!:-PYMbIHH5I nn)K ne 328 r-:-

Peceti napannenb-ME)K )KapTbmati-ne 450 r-'-:-:-PyaHlla ME)K nmOpanllCTIK 70 ·Ya

I-'-'-'-' CaHMapHHo nn)K ne 60 ~

CaH TOMe lKaHe npHHCI1nH nn)K ne 55 '-"'-CaYll ApaBII5ICbl TIKeneH cailnaycbl3 -- -- '--'-::-, : 3

CeHeraJI napaJlJleJlb-fInE,U )KapTbIJlal1-ne 120 , Cei1weJlllep napanneJlb-ME)K )KapTbIJlaH-ne 33 -

Cbeppa JleoHe nn)K ne 68 -CHHranyp - nnE'u-ME)K nJllOpaJU1CTIK 83 -, CnOBaKII5I nn)K ne 150 CJlOBeHH5I nn)K ne 90

C ConO~lOH Apanllapbl ME)K nJIIOpaJIllCTI K 47

Mil COMaJlH (4) napaJlJleJlb-ME)K )KapTbmaCl-ne 123

OH.TYCTIK A<jJpHKa nn)K ne 400 6er I1cnaHH5I nn)K ne 350

WPH JlaHKa nn)K ne 225 CeHT KlITTC lKaHe l-leBlIc ME)K nJllOpaJIHCTIK II

CeHT JlIOCHlI ME)K nmOpaJIl1CTIK 17 CeHT nbep lKaHe MHKeJlOH EA)K-ME)K MalKOpllTapnblK 19

(¢paHuHlI)

CeHT BHHceHT lKaHe rpeHallHH ME)K nJllOpaJlHCTIK 15 iwil

CYllaH ME)K nJIIOpaJIHCTIK 275 fiip.1 .. ... CypHHa~1 nn)K ne 51 eKe I

';.

CBa3HneHll ME)K nnlOpaJIHCTIK 55 ' Aere

WBeUl1H nn)K ne 349 kYfil

WBeHuaplIll nn)K ne 200 llh , CHPHH ME)K nnlOpaJlIICTIK 250 KOH·

TaHBaHb napannenb-,UT,U )KapTbIJlafl-ne 164 '~;" i6oc ·

TalKiKCTaH EA)K MalKOpHTapnbl K 181 .;. typ~ ~., .

TaH3aHI151 ME)K nnlOpaJIllCTIK 232 ... t~ 3JHr ", ..

TaHnaHll EnOKTIK nnlOpaJIlICTIK 391 T." hail ; Ken,

Toro EA)K MalKOpl1Tap,1blK 81 ,,)' . 'I'" : K.aH

TOHra ME)K nJIIOpanllCTIK 9 .il..} ;';";

·r .... , """,,,,'1 ',",'Ollr' TnG'lI-r1 MI»K nmOpanllCTIK 36'" ---_ .. " . - .----'--------

i, J> -65 --- TY'lI1c napannenb-nGGLl )KapTblnan-ne 163

-- TYPKIIH nn)K ne 550

:17 -- TYPKMeHCTaH EA)K MalKOpllTapnblK 50

]0 - TypKH lK8He KallKOC Apannapbl MS)!( nmOpanHCTIK 13

,8 - TYBany M6)!( nmOpanHCTIK \2 72 YraH1la MS)!( nmOpanllCTIK 214

09 YKpallHa EA)!( MalKopwrapnblK 450

:0 6A3 TiKeneH caii.naycbl3 -- --20 6ipiKKeH Kopo,%niK M6)!( nmOpanllCTIK 659

04 AMeplIKa K,ypaMa WTaTTaPbl M6)!( nmopanl1cTI K 435

50 YpyrBan nn)K ne 99

30 e36eKCTaH • EA)!( MalKOpl1TapnblK 250

3 BaHyaTY LlTLl )KapTblnail-ne 50

- BeHecY3,la AnM ne 203

4 BbeTHa~1 EA)!( MalKOpl1TapnblK 393

'8 BHpnlH ApaJ1napbl (6K) M6)!( nmOpanHCTIK 9

;0 BHPrHH Apannapbl (AK,W) 6J10KTIK nJ1l0panl1CTIK 15

i) YanJ1l1c lK8He <l>YT)'Ha (<l>paHUHH) nn)!( ne 20

) 6aTbic Ca~!Oa SJ10KTIK-M6)K nmOpanl1CTIK 47

) MeMeH M6)!( nmOpanl1cTiK 301

iOrocnaBlIH nn)!( ne 138

0 3al1p/KoHro LleMoKparnllnblK M6)!( nJ1l0panHcTiK 210

1 Pecny6J1I1KaCbl

3a,,61111 MS)!( nmopanllcTiK 150 , l

; 311M6a6se M6)K nmOpanl1cTiK 120 . )

I ECKepTY: (I) Typa cai1naHfaH MyweJ1ep; (2) 6axpenHne COHfbl6anaManbi caHnay 1973lKblJ1bl 9TKiJiMi;

(3) Sl1pMaHblH XanblK AccaM6nellcblHa COHfbl6anaMaJ1bl cai1nay 1990 lKblJ1bl 9TKiJinreH, ananna OHblH 93iHe

J M8lKiJ1ic KYPYfa PYKcaT eTiJ1Meni; (4)Syn KepceTKiwTep 1969 lKblnbl COMaJ1l1ne 60J1faH COHfbl 6aJ1aManbl catlJ1ay

) HeriJiH1le KeJ1Tipi,lin OTbIP, (MblHaHbl eCTe YCTaFaH lK9H: 6i3 neMOKparnHHblH axyanbl TYpanbl TYciHiKTeMe

6epMei1MiJ. KeJ1TipiJlreH al1blKTaMa ennepniH cailJ1ay 3aH1lapblHblH 1969 lKblMblH MaMblp aiiblH1lafbllKaf!laHTbIHa )

HeMece COHfbl 9TKiJinreH 6aJ1aManbl cailnaYJ1apra can KeJ1TipiJ1in OTblp.) i

(4) CaHCI1 napTJIHJIap )KaHC 6acI\a CaHCI1 l\aThlcYIllblJIap . ...•....•••....••.....•.......••.....••.....••••....••..........••...•....•..........•....•....•.....•••..•• ........•......•..............................•.........

CaHCII napTllJmap nereHi .. i3 611J1iKKe KOJ1 lKeTKi3Y YWiH lK8He con 6HJ1iKTi KaH1lal1 na 6ip CaHCI1 lKyneHiH iwiHne nai1.uanaHY ~1aKCaTbIHlla YHblMnaCTblpblJ1faH TOmap 60J1b," T36blJ1anbl. CaHCl1 napTIIHJ1apnblH 6aCKa 6ipJ1ecTiK TYpnepiHeH ailblpMaWblnblfbl - 6ynapnblH lKapl1H eTinreH MaKcaTJfPbl CaHCI1 611J1iKTi KonblHa any

',' eKeHniriHne faHa. AJ1ailna, 6ynaH caRCII eMipre blKnan eryre MYMeni TOnTIlp OCbl CaHCI1 napn1>lJ1ap FaHa eKeH , AereH KOPblTblH1lbl WblKnaYbl THic, OHAa" TOnTap lKeTKiJ1iKTi. CaHCII napmHJ1ap CaJ1blCTblpManbl TYpne lKaHa

". Ky6blnbiC 60nb," Ta6blJ1anbl, OJ1ap OH TOfbl3blHWbi faCblPAblH aRfblHAa SaTbIC EBpona MeH AMepl1Ka K,ypa~Ja

:i WTaTTapblH1la 9~lipre KeMi. AK,W KOHCTl1ryU\1iICblH1la caHCB napnIHnap TYpanbl 6anTap lKOK, analllla aT3J1MblW ,

':) KOHcrnTYllilH 6ipnecTiKTepniH 60CTaHAblfblHa KeninAiK 6epeTiHAiKTCII, oH1lail Kenin.niK napTI1>Inapnbi KYPY

'I 6ocTaH1lblfblH Aa KaMTaMaCb13 eTCni Aen TYciHineAi. SipnecTiKTCp KYPY 60CTaHnblfbi aMepllKaHAblK K,YKbIKTaP

~ TYpanbl SI1J1J1b - KOHCTHTYUIIHfa 6ipiHWi TY3eTY KeniMiK eTeTiH CI{ fleri3ri KYKbIKTaPAbll! 6ipi. HaKTbI 6ip

'~ 3J111T3J1ap MeH HeMece TOnTap MYMenepiHiH caHKecTiri HeriJiHAe KYPblnfali caHCH 6ipJ1ecTiKTCpniH call TYPi

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11 KCJlCTiH, )K8HC onap, e.ucrrc, K03D.CrCH r-WKcaT nCB )KocnapJlapbl 03JlcpiHiH. caneM 6ulliriHiH, LU3Ma-llIapKhIHa

,~ K,al-taraTraH6araHll.blfbl CaJUlapblHal1 TYblll,llaHTbIH 8JUlC6ip TOn1llPD.blll 6CJlriJ1i 6ip MYIlICIlCpiHiH KYiUi!-.tCl-I

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HarblJ 6YKapaJlL1J( napTHHJlap.t1bll{ Kew .Il3MYblflblil cc6c6i 60JUtbl.

)Kltblp:o.taCblllWbl I'aCblpna cJUlcpnill Konwilliri caRCH yrlbl;\llIapnblH KaMan na 6ip <PoP;\laCbIHbIH l)'Yhllia

A<aHe KypbU1YbltJa )Kon aWTbI, M nmOpaJIHcTiK )I(yf'lcHif{ HblwaHbl - cnne apCKCT eTenH napTWlJWp caHhlHbl1{

6ipneH apTblK 60llYbl. OYll KaTapfa KOCblllMaiiTbIH1\ap - KblTaii XaJlblK Pecny6lll1KaCbl, Ky6a lKaHC 6aCKa 6ipKaTap

KO~IMYIHICTiK lKaHe KanJH aBTOpHTaPllblK ellnep. TinTi C3HCH napTllHllap naCTYpneH TbIC 60nbln Ke .• reH AlllpllK3

emlepiHiH o3ncpill.le Ke'mc 6ipHewe napTIIHnaH 6ap. COHfbl lKafnaiinapna napnt" 6aCWbinapbl Ko6iHece

Taiina.%IK KOCC"llep.'lCH ·rypa.lbl. Ken6ip llaMYWbl enncpne caHCH ponnepni aCKeplI TOnTap aTKa pa,lbl , MYllnai'J

;.K3fllan, ;\lbIC3JIbI, HHLlOIIC31tJ1lla OpblH aJlF311. A<PPHKa KypblJlblfblHblH. KCi1 6eJIiriHne caRCH napTIHIJ1apra :-'IYlUCJIiK

;tiHII TonKa lKarybllia Kapan lKaHe canT-lKopanblK 6aYblpn3CTblK Heri3i1tlle aiiKbIH1\ananbl. KeiiGip CaHCI)

napTlHlJtap 3THHKaflblK, Whlry TcriHe opart HeriJ,nellyi MY~IKiH. An Ta)f(iKCTaH.lla K,33ip niHlt Hcri3lle KypblllraH

caSiCH napTllSInapfa PYK,CaT 6e,.y KepeK ne, )f(OK na .riereH TaKblpblnTa niKipnuJac )f(ypin )f{aTblp. JKa.llrlbl arlTKatllla,

caHCH napnlH-"3p!lbll~ Kaii-KanCbl l1a, o3nepiHiH napTHHnblK nnaTQJopMaCblH;ta lKap"IJ..aHaTbIH 6e!lri.li 6ip

np~IHUllrlTepni K36blfl aJlanbl. AT3JlMbIW nnaTQJop,ltanapitblH 6ip-6ipiHeH H3KTbi neTanbnepi, CIIIlarraM3

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npllHUlIllTCpiti ap l1apelKel1e M3KYllnaYbl MYMKiH, op napTH"HblH MyweniKKe 63iinaHblcTbl epelKcnepi .'Ie apTyp,li.

Con CIlHKTbl KaH1\an ita 6ip llapTHHra, OHblH MYUleci 60n~Jaii-aKnaYblc 6epyre lKOll aWblK. na"

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3HbiKTaynblH KltblH.ilblfbt )KOK.. 6yn, M8ceneH, a.na~lAap yl1blMnapnb.lH COHfblCblHlla eMec, aJlfaWKbl TeriH.ne )KYMbIC

iCTece, 6ellrini 6ip ca.rlblKTbiK )KeH.i.l1.D.iKTepre Kon )I{eTKbyiHe ;Kon aWanbl.

..(5) )f{eKe aJlblHeaH eJl2e mfJH YKiMemmiH, K,ypbU/b/Mbl.

6YJl Tapayra 6aCKapMa MeH YKiMeniH KYPblnbl~lblHblH ClmaTra~JaCbl Kipyi KepeK: • laH WblrapYWbl opraHHblH. TYpi (KOC nalIaTaJlbl lKaHC c.c.); :+ E>KiJUlep Kanan cal1.n3H3nbl;

• KOJlllaHbilIaTblH caflJlay lKyneciHiH. Typi; • aTKapYWbl TapMaKTblH oKilIeTTepi; • COT TaP~taFbIHbIH. KYPbllIbJ.\lbI; :+ caRCH napTIUI nereHiMiJ He;

* carumy Y43CKeciHe KaHllHlmTTapD.bl Khl TipKCf'i ana,Ubl;

• cmllIay OTKilYlliH KaHllml epelKellepi 6ap.

olle6ueT: .. Karl Lowenstein, Political Power and the Governmental Process, 2"" ed., (1965). (Kapil JloseHcTaiill,

"Ca"cII 611JliK lKalle 6acK3PY npoueci", eKiHwi 6acbIllb"', 1965). Charles de Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (1748). (WaplIb MOHTCcKbe, "3aHllap PYXbl", 1748) . Andrew Reynolds and Ben Reilly, The International IDEA Handbook of Electoral System Dcsign (1997).

(3HDpIO PeHHoMc lKaHC 6eH PeHJHI, "CaiiJlay lKyiieJlcpiHil! I-ILlEA XaJlblK3PaJlblK aHbIKTaMaJlblrbl", 1997). Joseph G. Lapalombara and Myron Wittner, eds., Political Parties and Political Development (1966).

(,[\lK03CcjJ r. JlanaJIo~16apa lKaHC MJlPOH YmHcp, capanwbllIap, "CaHcII napTllHlIap :lWHe caHCII Aa~lY", 1966).

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(2.) EOCTaH,UbIK;, TapTin )J{aHe TelmiK*.

"OOCTaH.QbIK ..• OOCTaHllblK eKi rypni MarblHaaa KOllaaHblllYbl MYMKiH: a;raelle yutill 60CmOHablK, lKElHC

a.aeHeaeH oocmoHiJb'l\ ... aAaeHe YUJlil60cTaHllbIKaaaMHbIH 6cJllini 6ip MaKcarra KeJaelirCH iC-ElPCKCTiHC KaHllaii aa

6ip Te)l{eY:lep Koiibi>1Ma(IThIH~H KepCCTcai. OCbI MafblHaaa 60CTaHllbiK "epiK" ce3iHiH CHHOfIHMi 60llbln

T36blnaabl. (OVII COHblMCH 6ipre "HeraTltB" HCMcce "TCpic" 60CTaHllbiK aen aTallaabl.) An BAaeHeaeH 60CmOHablK, ...

KOPKblHblW neH TilieKTiH )KOK eKcHlliriH KepccTCai. (MYHbl COli CIIHKThI, "nOJHTHB" HfHH "OH" 60CTaHnbiK nen

wnarrayra 601laabl; OHblH M0Hi a3aMaTThIH 011nCHCMeH KaMTaMaCbl3 eTiIlY IUlCHCbl, Mblcanbl, a3blKneH HCMece

6acnaHaMeH. OVII 11neHHblH cannapblHblH 6ipi - ElliaCKiMHeH ic lKYJiHllC 6cnrilli 6ip HElpCeHi eHllipyni TaIIan

cTilicTiHiHnc. OCblfaH opail MblHa )KaHTKC H33ap aynapraH lKeH: erep 0.~neKiMHcH 6ip!!CHeHi eHnipy, HfHH OH

apeKeT Talan enneT1H 6011ca, OH.aa all a.naMHblH. "Heranmll, HfHH "Tepic" 60CTIlHnblfbi - OHblH 93iMeH-93i OHawa

KallY 60CTaH!lblfbi - o.~ apKblllbl (erep KepiciHWcci aTan KepccTiIiMece) 3ap!!an werclli, 6YJblllaabi aerCH ce3.

TapTin. Erep TapTin YfblMbl OHblH Tap MafblHaCblHaa KapaCTblpblllca, - aTan aiiTKaHlla, e~lipai Kopray He

MYlliKTi caKTay MafblHaCblHlla anblHca, - a3aMaITapablH Kenwi:liri MYHllaii T0pTinTiH Ta.nan eTillin, caKTallYblHblH

MaHbl3blH ryciHeai lKaHC OHbl KOllaaii!lbl, COHllblKTaH lla YKiMeTTiH Ka)KeTTilliriH ac YfblHaabl. olleYMcTTiK TapTin

IlcreHiMiJ - KOfaMaa opHaTblliraH 6acKapy TapTi6i )KaHC aJa~I3ITaPllbIH Ilacryplli eJiH-63i yCTay cpelKellcpi ...

811CYMcTTiK TepTimiH e3rcpy MYMKiH!liriH cCKcprcH lK0H ... MeM.~cKcT nCH YKi.\ICT opHaTbllifaH TapTimi 0JiHil!

nO:1HUI1H.lbIK 6HlliriH iCKC KOCY apKblllbl KopraYbl, -·HKH e3 aJaMaITapblHblf( aeHcaYllblfblH, MopanbllblK KYKbIH,

KayinciJiliriH lKaHC aYKa'trblllblfblH Kopfay 61111iriH naHllaliaHYbl MYMKiH. All YKfi"eT 03iHiH OCbl 61111iriH Kaii

napc)Kcne KO:1.llaHYbl Tllic - 6YII MaceliC TeHipcriHllc alii KYHrc weiiiH niKipTa.~ac TOliaCTaMati KClicni. T0Mciinc

TapTinTiH caHCII KYHllblllblK pcTillllcri MaHblJbl rypanbl eTKi3illreH xanblKapanblK 3cprrcyniH HaTHlKCliepiH

KepceTcTiH KeCTC 6cpillin OTblp. (KCCTC).

TeHiliK. OOCTallllblK neH TapTinKc 6aHllaHblcTbi mlTblllraHblH!laii, TClIIliK TC ryplli naiinanbl Hcri3ncMcilepni

Kopray YWiH apTYPlli MafblHaaa KonaaHbl.~a.lU>1.

CaRclI TClUliKTili Manin cllnarray otta": ap aJaMaT 6ip )KaHC TCK KaHa 6ip naYblcKa HClliK cTcni. OCbl

HeriJri ryCiHiK nCMOKpam~lIblK TCOPIIHHblH ElJCKTi yrblMbl 60llbln CaHan alibI. AJlaH!!a, Kci16ip capanwbillapnblfl

niKipiHwe, wblHaHbl caHCli TeHlliKKe KOJ1 )KeTKby YWiH, el-l aJ11I.blMeH, aYK3lTbiJIblK, 6iniM )Katie MapTe6e

TeHlliriHc, ~rHII alicYMcrriK TelUliKKc lKery KCpCK. olicYMeTTiK TCH!liKKC KOII lKcTKi3yniH eKi )KOllbl 6ap:

a3aMarrapfa TeH MYMKilUliKTCP 6cpy )l{aHe COli apKJ>llIbl TynKilliKTi HaTl1lKCHiH TeHlliriH Ka~ITaMaCbI3 cry.

i\'IPIKilliliKTep Teu.niri nereni,ri3 - ap aaaMHblH eMipnc Ta6blCKa KOII lKCTKiJyi YWiH 6acKanapMeH 6ipileil

)Kafilaiina 601lYbl. .. K0mcreH aaaMnap ywiH alleYMcTTiK TClUliK KOHuenWIHCbl ollapnblH 03niriHcH lKeTillyi YWiH

)KaCanraH )Kafnaiillap~lcH wCKTellclli. MYHllaii MYMKililliKTepni nafillanaHY HaHilKeciHllc aaaMnapnblH 6ipncfi

lKeTicnKTeprc KOII lKCTKiJyi wapT eMCC. (ElIIli 6ip capanwbiliap 6YIlaH api~ Gapbm, aaaMnapnblH rynKilliKTi

HanllKCliepi 6ipnef1 60llYbifl iCKC aCblpy aCTC nc MYMKiH C~.lCC; apKiMHiH apryplli 60llYbi anaM3aTThIH eMip cypy

HeriJiHnc lKaTKaH 6YIIlKbiMac Ta611fl1 3aH, nen caHaii!lbl.) All elUli 6ipcYilep YWiH wblliatibl ElIiCYMCTTiK TeHlliK TCK

rynKilliKTi HaTHlKeliep TCIl.niriHnc lKaThlp. Ollapnblf( natiblMnaYblHwa, KoraM aaaMaapilblH 6ip K3JTbinThI TCHlliKTC

60llYblH K3.ilafanaYbl KCPCK, an YKiMCT TeH MYMKilllliKTCPMCH KaMTaMaCbl3 eryMcH weKTCIIMcyi KCPCK; 011 ic

lKY3iHllcri 3KOHOMIIKanbiK lKaHC alicYMcTTiK TCHlliKKe KOII lKCTKiJy MaKCaTblH!la I1riniKTCp MCH lKafnailllapllbl

Kai'ITa GellicKc callapllblKTafi caHcaT yCTaHyra MiHllcTTi CKCH ...

oll6crrc, rynKilliKTi HamlKcliep KOHucnUIIHCbl TCH MYMKiHlliKTCP KOHucnUIIHCblHUH clicYlli rypne

0JrCWellCHcni lKaHe 6ipiHWici MCMlleKcTTiK upanacynbll( nCHrciii eTC )KOfapbl 60llYbill TaIIan cTCni. COIlhlMCll

KaTap, Hal<, OCbl TeH,ll,iK KOHuenW'UICbl 60CT3HD.bIK KOHuenW-UICbIMeH lJ'pa KapaMa-KanWblJIblKK3 T\'ceni. Eipcyrc 6cpy ywi" CKiHWi 6ipeyncli TapTblll allY apKblllhl - I1rilliKTep MCI! lKar.nal1l1UPllbl Kaiinl 6ellicKe cany Yluil! Kcpcn

l1.C OCbl foi1 - ~tCMJICKCT 6YJWH YTKaHnap Mell YTblJlfaf-lllapnbl l)'Jlblpapbl C03Ci3. ¥Tl(3IfJlap K,aj:'rrn 60llic

;.Kar)laiil)llIblllIKC.\[icill KOPY KYKblrLlIlbHl GYJblllr,lIlhlll cC3illCpi XaK.

(3.) K,YK,blK,TblK, ,[laCTypJlCp: )/(3J1nbl K,YK,bIK" 333M3TTblK, K,YK,bIK" ,[lillll K,YK,bIK,. **

"I. )KaJIIlbll'l'"bIlU\<lCTYPi. )f(;l.IInbl "y"bllu\acTypi A"rJlllrum mlipre KeJlJli, aJI COJlali COli aneMHiH 6ac1(3

60JliKTepinc ompWblllD.blK. 6aCbln My )f(OlIbIMCH TIlpaTblllD.bl.

)f(a.;1nbl KYKblK JlaCTypiHJIcri npeueJleHniK KYKbIKTblH Opbl"bl. )f(aJlnbl K\'KbIK lKyflCJlcpi TllPIlXII

,1«lfblliall aflraHLIa, HcriJiHcH, arblnWblHHblH. npCUCllCHniK KYK,blK, )f(yfleciHcH 6acraya.rIallbl. OJlap 9J KypaMblHa

afbJ.l'1Illbifi COrrapblH,D.a e:"lipfe Kellin, 6ipHCWC racblp.n.blH 60l1blHna )KcTillnipiJIreH 6ipKaTap KOHUCnWIHJWpllbl,

"PClKC!ICP ~leH nplIHUlIllTCpJli ciHipre". )f(aJlnbl KYKbIK, Heri3i"ell, 331{ UlblFapYUlbl opratlilap 6eKiTeTIIi

)Kyi1eJ1CllfCH Jail KOllCKCTCpiHCH CMCC, COT wcwiMllcpiHCH Wblrallbl.

)Kannbl "YKbI" "'riieJlepitlileri Stare decicis npllllUllni. 3aH COT npeUCJlellTTCpiH Stare decicis lKaJlnbl

!lOKTpllHacblHa caii (MYHbIH i;'pa r.WfbIHaCbl "wcwillrel-HlcH Tan:..tay", HfHIf npeucllcHTTCp.aiH IIC;-'ICCC 6YPbIH OCbl

T0pi3i1i lKama'l1Ia Ka6blMaHFaH wewiMHiH KywiH MiHJICTTey) KOMaHY lKaHe KafiTll YFblHJlblPY apKbL%1 Jlamlilbl;

~lyHblH MaHici 'IY'IKiHJliriHUle npeueJleHTTepJleli Tat1Kbl~I3Yila. (51nm 6ypblli 6ip Ka6bL~lIaHraH LUCLUiM

60;taLU3KTllrbl OCbl Tapi3i1i LUeLUiMilcpre Heri3 60JlaTblHblH 6iJlllipeJli.)

CaiiblcTbl" npouellypa"apllbll\ "'annbl "YKbI" lKyiieJlepitl1leri OpblHbl. )f(aJlnbl KYKblK lKyiicJlepi COT

npouell),paJlapblHblH caiiblCTblK lKyrleciH narlilaJIaHailb!. EKi lKaKTblH 3aHrepJlepi 93 lKaFblHblH nMIlIaCblH

HhlfbJJlWiiTblH, (paKTillepre HcriJ.aCllreH aiiraKTapllbl KeJllipe.ni, an: con-blK Kapay.nblH. HanDKeci COTTblH wcwi~li

He KOCbl.\lwa 3acenaTCllbD.ep COTblMCH Ka6bIJl.n.aHaLl.bl.

A3aM3TTbl" "YKbI" nacrypJlepi. A3a~laTTblK KYKblK lKyneJlepiH KCnne "KOnTaJlFaH lKyi"lenep" nen Te

aTaiillbl.

A3a~I3TTbI" ",yiie."epneri CTaT)'TTbI" "Y"bl". Heri3ri 3aHJIap apTVpJli ca,1a.nap;m TVlKblpblMllaJlraH,

K,IICbIIlDJ>I )l(aHC )J(annaH Ka.\1111Tb1H cllnaTrafbl KOlleKCTep HCMCCC )IGUInbl 3aH WblfapYWbl aKTi.flCp T)'pif-Ule

6cpi.I'Jelli. YlllTblK Ken6ip epeKwelliKTepniH OpblH aJlYblH3 KapaM<lCTaH, KYKblKTblK Milucrre:"It?j(cp, ~leHwiKTcpre

KaTblCTbl ~IYlllleJliJliKTeplli 6epy )KaHe MyparcpJliK epelKe!lepi KaTerOpH>Wapbl K9n lKafll3l"wa YKcac KCJlelli.

npeuelleHrriK ~\'l(bl" bl,,"anblllaH a3aT COTTap. OYJl lKafllanlla COTTllP COTTbIK npeUeileHlTep blKnaJlblHaH

60c 60.TJallbl; KonCKCTepni TyCiHYlle Hcri3ri CaJI~laK, 33Hrep raJIbl.\I11ap..1blH. CH.6CKTepiHe Tyceni.

A3a~I3TTbIK KYKblK lKyf"leciHlleri lKayan aJly npouellypacblHblH OpblHb!. A3a~I3TTbIK KYKblK lKyiieciHlleri

"lKayan a"y" lien aTaJlaTblH )Kyne (lKaJlnbl KYKbIK lKytieciHJIeri caf"lblcTblK lKyiieileH epeKwe."eHeTIH) COT

npoueilypacblHila KbI-"~lbICTbIK iCTeplli KapaCTblpy Ke3illilC nanllaJIaHblJlallb!. OlleTTeri KblmlblCTblK iCTI Teprel'

aJaMalTblK KYKblK ilaCTVpiHlIe Heri3ri yLU 69J1iKKe 69niHelli: lKayan aJly <jJa3aCbl, Teprel' lKypri3Y (pa3aCbl lKaHe

COlTblK KapacTblpy.

)Kayan aJly </la3aCbl. )f(ayan aJlY <jJa3aCbl MeMJleKcniK npOKl'pOPllblH 6aKbIJlal'bl~leH lKY3erc aCblpblJl31lbl,

0,1, COIlllan-aK, iCTIH Teprey lKypri3Y <jJa3aCblHa lIa, TllicTi COlTblH KapaYblMeH, 6eJlceHlIi TVPlle apa. ~aca aJlailb!.

Teprey lKl"priJy </la3acbl - COlTblK KapaYllblH 93eri peTiHlle. lCTI KapaYllblH Teprel' lKypriJY <jJa3aCbl

IIeri3illCH lKa36aLUa TVPlle lKypri3ineili lKilHe 6YKapaHbll~ apaJlaCYblHCbl3 9Telli. CYilbH OHbl1{ ~133.lIyHbl Meli

K9neMifl K31IaFaJlaflilbi lKaHe on iCTi Tepren 6iTipin, lKaJ6aLUa ecen ilanblHllanilblllen TOCbwalibl. CO,1 ce6emi, 61'-"

caThlHhlH. a51K,TaJlap Ke3iHe TI1icTi naJlcn.llcPlliH. 6epi iCKe eHri3inclli. Ercp Cy.nbH K,bIJl'\lbIC paCbll-UW Ita ;K3canraH

lICrel-] KOPbITblH,!J.blf3 KeJ1CC )f(af-iC 3HbInTaJlYWbl WbIHbIH!l3 lIa KiH6J1i eKcHiHC K93i )KeTCe, OH..la ic COT KapaYblHa

OTKi3iJlelli. Erep CYllbH 6aCKaLUa LUeLUce, Ollila ic COTKa 9TKiJiJl~lefllli. A3a~~TTbIK KYKbIK OPblH a.nratl e.~lIcplliH

6aCbl~1 K9nLUiJliriHJIe icTi KapaYllblH TepreYJliK <jJa3aCbl KbIJlMbICTbIK-npoueccya'l1lbIK lKyneHil! OJeri 60.%1n

Ta6bIIlan,bl. KblllMblCTblK eMCC )f(arnai1:.1'(apn.a KOCblMwa COT 3ace.n.aTeJ1bllepiHiH KaTblCYbl CllpCK.

npouecCYaJli\bl" TelKeYJlep. ArlblnTaJlYLUblFa iCTIH 3eplTeJlY <jJa3aCbllllla K9~leK K9pceTY MaKcaTblHlla

6ipKaTllp npoUCCCYaMblK TelKey TVPJlepi KO."lIaHbIJlallbl; MaCeJleH, aiiblnTaJlYLUblHblH allBOKaT ycray KYKbIFbl

IICMecc Kel-l.eC My MYMKiHlllfi oebl K3Tapra )f(aTallbI. )f(ayan any.n.bl )f(ypriJywi CYllbH ~lalibll-l!laraH icnCH

KopraYLUblJlap Tllpa6blila TllliblCa aJlallb!.

)KaJlnbl "YKbI"Tarbl COTTbl" ,,"paCTblpy oapllaUllllJlapbl. Teprey Q)a3aCb1Hb1H OJitil\iK Ta611raTbilla cafiKec,

COTTblK Kapal'llblH 93i CllnaTbl )KaFblHaH lKaJInbl KYKbIK aSICblHlIa 9TKi3i."eTIH TepreYIlCH e.leYJli 9JrclIJeJliKTCpre lie.

<t>3KTiJICp r.leH anraKTap )KUHaK,TaJlbIn 6inn, allbInTIlllYUJbl 113, af1bInTIlYUJbl na K,0.1 )KeTKi3e aJJaTLIH ecen

)3CK.a,

PI1XH

IblHa

OCbl

LlbJ;

'ui~1

COT

45 ;tUilbUI.J.a.rlb1l1 6iTClli. COT KUpaYhlHblH r.IJKCaTbl - iCTi CY11M! MCH KOCbl~IIlHl JaCe.aaTCIIbllep.aiH aJI.llbll-fa yCblHy iK8HC

ailblnTaYWbl ~leH KOpraYWblfa 03 K03KapaCTapblH Koprayra MYMKiHlliK 6epy. A3a~larrblK K\'KbIK ",yiieciH,1I,eri COT KapaYllapbIlUmrbl npIICHlKllbl(l.~ap. nplIClIlKHbllIlIap COTbl -

a3allanblK "YKbIK lKyneJlepifl.le Ka6blJ.lallrall neCTyp, aJ13i'Ula, OHblf{ TYP.1epi lKannbl KYKbIK

)l(ynellcpiIUeri"cpllCH epeKwe,1eHyi MYMKiH. OllblH KypaMbl 011 eKi "ywelleH 'T)'pMaYbl lla "I'M Kill, lIeMece, Ken

;.Kaoal111a, 0.1 CY!lbH.;13p~leH 6ipre OTblpblCK.a KaTblCYbl MYMKiH, iKaHC nc, KeiLle, TynKi wewiMHiH Ka6bIJ1.UaHYbl

ywi~ 6ipaybl3 uepllllKTiH KalKeTi 601lMaYbl "VlIKiH.

,/lillll K\'K.hIKTbIK !lacTypllep. Ken6ip KOFaMltap!la KYKbIKTblK lKyiiellep, TYPlli llepelKelle, COli Kora"!13

yCTfM.aiK CTCTIH niHHeH T)'bIHD.ailTbIH niHlt Ja.uwpra HcriJnc.nclli. MYH.a,U'" niHl1 KYKblKTaP )Kyi1eciHif-t MblCaJIbl

penHne opmraCblpllblK XpHCTIlaHllblK EBpona lKaHe pcljlopMaUlI>I 3",IaHblHnarbl K,aclleTTi PI1)! vbmeplll1Cbl,

llacryPlli I1H.llIll, 113pallllb lKeHe I1cnall KoraMllapblH aiiTyra 60,lap e!li. Amn aiiTKaHlla, llacTYPlli lIClIaM

KyKblKTapbl, Hellece wapllraT, -6yriHri IIClIaM elle~liHlle eTe blKna~llbl KVW peTiHlle 6ellrilli. Keii6ip apa6

e]lllepiH.le lKeHC I1paH.la OHblf{ pec~"1 MapTc6eci 6ap. A,1 6aCKa ll\'Cbl)1)IaIl ellllepiH.1e WapllFaT 3aiiblpllbl

KYKblKTblK lKyjiellepMeH Kamp, KYKblKTblll OmaCblJlblK HeMcce lKeKe 6aCKa KaTblCTbl TYP"epi CHlIKTbl, 6ellrilli 6ip

ca1a~apblH KalInl OTblpbIn, epeKeT eTelli. XP"CTIIaHllbIK lKaHC MYCbl.1llaHllblK K\,KbIKTaP.lblf{ e3iHIliK

epeKweniKTepi TS.\leH.1e KellTipillreH.

XplICTllallllblK K\,KhIK. KaHOllllblK KYKblK peTilI.1e lIe 6e.1rini XP"CTlaIUbIK KYKbIK -'p"CTllaH wipKeyiHif{

.KYPbWblllbl lleH 6aCKapYblHblf{ HeriJiH. aiiKblllllaiiTblH 3aH,ilap lKviieciHeH K¥panraH Ipremcbl Ka~aHFaHHaH 6epi

XpltCn1mt WipKCyi 8JiHiH 3aHD.apbl ~leH epC)KCnCpiH lUblfapbJn OTbIPJ.bl; O.'1ap Ken >KafJlalllla 3aiiblpJlbi KYKblK

)KyneciHcH fepi 6acKa cypaKTapra K8HiJl aynapJbl He~lece COJ1 cypaKTapnbl 6acKawa TY)f(bIPbIMD3Llbl. KaHOHD.bIK

KYKblK e3rcp~lei1TiH epC)f(CIlCP )f<llblHTblfbl e~lec, 6ipaK y.aai1bl 83repicTcri ManCHU, cl;1eY~leITiK, ca51CH iK6HC

TC WipKCy.liK ~lace.leJIep.Ji Ka~lnl1I.b1 )f(8HC )1<.aHa IKarnaii}lapra y.aanbl 6eili~l.ae.Hin oTblpanbl.

KaIlOH,1I,"IK K\,KhIKTbll\ POlli. KYllipeTTi XpllCTllaH KYKblK nplIHUHnTepi peTif{lle aI1KbIHllanaTblH KallOf{llblK

IH, KYKbIK Ka3ipri p"" KaTo,11IKTiK wipKeyiHIf{ KYPbl.%I~lbIHlIa, lIHrypnlllCbl lleH illi~lllepiHlIe iprelli pell aTKapallbl.

'lie KaHoHllblK Kj'KbIK!liHII F¥pblnTapllbl opblHllay KOlleKCTepi "eH epelKe,1epiH KYP311bl, lKaHe, KYHllblllbIKTaP, ~lOpanb

're lKeHe wipKey.~iK KYKbIKTaP ceKL111i Mecellelleplli KapaCTblpbIn, lKeKe ryllfanap ~leH MeKeMellep!lif{ TepTi6iH

IH

6eJIli.~eI111i.

KaHOHllblK KYKblK lIeri3i. KaHOHllblK KYKbIK pml KYKblfblHa, )KaHa 8clleTKe lKeHe nananap MeH lllipKey

KCHeCTepiHill epelKc UJblrapywblllblK KbmleTiHe, CO,1 ClIlIKTbl, llaC'ryp,1cp "eH npeuelleHnepre Heri3lIellreH.

ri KaHOH.1bIK K\'KbIK Wll(Canbl TYplle Kemerell KS3lIeimiH TelKipll6cci ~leH KY3ipeTiH 11repin, 6eiiiMllelli.

IT KaHOf{llblK KYKbIKTblH 6aCKa KYKbll(TblK lKyiienepre ecep eryi. OpTa raCblpllaplla PmlHiH KaTOJlllKTiK

'y WipKCyi Ty)f{b[Pbl~lDaraH KaHOH)lbIK KYKblK U33r.!alTbIK KYKbIK )f(yi1cJlepiHe. aTan aHTKaH.1a MeHWiKTIK KyKbIK,

,e HeKe Hoplla1apbl MeH I(blllMblCTblK KYllanay lKaHe lKa3allaYllaH 6acTaIl, XaJlblKapaJlblK KYKblKTaP npl1HUl1nTepifl

rylKblpb"lllayra lKelle 1(33ipri MeWleKeniK KypblJlblC IIlleHlIapblH aHbIK'1lyra lleniH JOp acepiH Tllri31li. KaHOf{l!blK

I, KYKblKTblH lKayan any (aHblKTay) ellicTellellepi llC, Me~llIeKerriK 31lblrImy T0lKipll6eciMeH KaTap a3aManbiK COTTaP

TapanblHaH Ka6bl.1ll3HraH elli.

lllipKey MCH MeMlIeKerriIl apaK3TbllIaCbI. SacerdOllllll lleH illlperilllllHblf{ (wipKey 6HlIiri MeH

lleMlICKeniK 611.1iKTif{) l(apblM-KaTblHaCbl MaCeJleJlcpille KaIlOH.1bIK K)'KbIK eH6eKTepiHIIe Y.1aiibl KeHill 6SJ1iHelli

)K8He OJI cH6eKTep wipKey MeH MCMJIeKerriH apaCblH.larbl Kapbl~I-KaTbIHaCTap..lblH. KYKblKTbIK npI1HUl1nTepiH

6eJlIilley ywiH Heri3 60Mbl. AlIaiilla, lIeCTYP,1i Xp'ICnIaH TCOpHlICblHa cai'!, KYKbIKTblf{ lKeKellerCH "wipKey"

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lKocnaplIaH6aYbilla MYMKiH.

KemereH ellllep 6acKa ellllepMeH KellieiMllepre Kelle OTblPbln, TYPlli caHCH lKaHe 3KOHOMliKanblK

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opblHllaYfa 6eiii Mllilli ri aiiKbll{Jlallapbl CeJeil. alleTTe, KenieiMllep ellllil{ 3al{ wblfapywbl opraHblHlla

parnq,llKaUlIHlIaHYbl (6eKiTIlIyi) KalKeT 601lanbl.

(5) )J(eKe GJlblHeGfi eniJil{ ~¥~bl~mbl~ ~¥pblIlblMbl.

EYlI rapaYlIbl el{ 3lJ1lbiMeH ellllil{ KOHC111TYUHHCblHbll{ HeriJri 6anrapblH CHnarraYllaH 6acraraH )KeH.

MYMKiHlliriHwe ap 0KYWblHbl ell KOHCTHTYUHHCblHbl1{ K8wipMeeiMeH KaMra~13CbIJ eTY apTblK 60nMac elli.

EKiHwilleH, elllleri KYK.bIKTbIK lKafllaiillbl pCTTeiiTIH HaKTbl Jal{Jlap TYP3JJbl lKalInbl aKnapaT 6epillreHi llYPbIC,

COHblH iwiHlle MblHa Macellellepre TOKTanY l(alKer:

• K,blllMblCTblK KYK.bIKTbll{ Kel16ip )KalInbl OpTaK npl1HUltnTepi;

• A3aMaTTblK KYKbIK -- WOllY;

• CaYlla-caTTblK KYK.blrbl TYPallbl HaKTbI aKnapaT;

• K,a3ipri 6"lIiK 6aCblHJl3rbl YKiMCT Kon KOHraH xallblKapallblK KelliciMll~lleH Mblcan KellTIPY;

• 3al{HblH 6aCKa TYPllepi -- MbIC3lJ1lap, TYCiHiKTeMeMeH 6ipre.

oAc6l1eT:

John Greenwald, "A Gift to All Nations", Time, 6 July 1987. (D,lKOH rpHHS3lJ1l, "EapllblK YlIT1'3p YWiH

CbIHlIbIK", TaiiM, 1987 lK. 6-willJleci).

• Kenncth Janda, Jeffrey M.Berry, and Jerry Goldman, The Challenge of Democracy: Government in

America, second ed. (1989), pp. 11-17. (KeHHcT AlKaHJla, D,lKC<jxjJPIl M.EcppH lKaHe D,)KepPH rOllJlMaH,

"l.lcMoKpaTl1Hra KilRCblllblK: AMCOIlKMafbl YKiMCT", eKiHwi 6aCblJlblM (1989), 11-17 6CTTCp).

•• CIVITAS: A Framcwork For Civic Education, pp. 337-341. ("CHBHTAC: A3aMaTTblK GiniM 6cPVJlif\

aHCbI" , 337-341 6clTcp) .

j'

II

VII. A3aMaTTbl~ ~OFaM.

"AJaJ\1aTTblK, K,Ora:\l" TipKccilliH 6yril-lri TIUUla KOJ1)lUHblJ1bln A<yprcH MafblHUCbl CaJlblCTblP~laJlbl T)'P~'lC

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K.3TbICTbl al1TcaK, - a3a~taTTblK KoraM, a.naM3aTIblll tni CHm(Tbl eTe K8He yrbl~1 eKeuiH KepeMi3. )lereli~teH, 6YJI

yrblMllbl nall COIlilart Kel\ ~mrblH3Ila KOllilaHYllblH peTi lKOK. TapILxlllla"y 6apblCblHna, aTIln ai'iTKaHlla, 6aTbic

alleMiHJle, a3aMaTTbIK KoraM IlIleHCbl 8pKelllleni 8Mipllil{ 6Cllrilli 6ip TYpiHe 6aiillaHbiCThI aiiTbmaTblH 6011!lbl.

faCblp.1ap 60iibilUla orall TYP_1i aHblKTIlMa 6epillin Kelllli; Keii!le, Mace.1eH, alleYMeniK 8~lipiliH ell 6acblllilarbi

YKiMeTKe KapaMa-Kallwbl KeJ1eTiH T)'CTapblHa 6acTbi H33ap aYLlapblnaTblll, a3aMarrbiK Kora~1 yrbl~lblHblH

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enlli 6acKapy iciHC apaJIacy Ta}mn eTineTiH )t(6He OCbl MafblHa aTaJl~lblLU TCP~IHHHiH Heri3ri ClmaTbl peTiHilC

K8pceTillcTiH. •

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OH ceri3iHwi racblpila EiaTblc EBpOna!la anraw peT KOMaHbl!1raH!la, " a3aMaTTbiK Kora~I" KY3ipcTi (KOHuenUII"Cbl)

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Te, a3a~laTIblK KOfa~t lla r.IYMKiH eMcc.

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KbIJMeT KcfJile ilillJl ilaCTYPJlepiliH eTe 6ip HaJiK, KeJileH Taca 6e,liri 60.%In Ta6b1JlaJlbJ.

8ileOfleT: Kenneth Janda, Jeffrey M. Berry, Jerry Goldman, eds., The Challenge of Democracy: Government in America. (1989), (KeIlHeT Ll)J(aH,lla, Ll)J(ecjJcjJplI M.6epplf )J(aHe Ll)J(epplI fO.lil~I3H, "lleMoKpaTlIHFa KlJpCbL%IK: AMepHKa,narhl YKhfeT", 1989). Douglas B. Klusmeyer, Between Consent and Descent: Conceptions of Democratic Citizenship. (1996). (LlYI·."ac 6, K.nlOcMeiiep, "Ke'lici~1 MeH wa6yblJl apacbJIwa: lle~toKpaTl1sL%IK aJa~laTTbIKTbIH KOHUemllISlJIapbl", 1996). Gabriel A.Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and D'emocracv in Five Nations. (1963). (fa6plIeJlb A. A.n~IOH,ll )J(aHe CllilHII Bep6a, "A3aMaTTbIK ManeHlleT: 6cc cmleri Jle~IOKpaTIJH )J;8He caSiCII K,aTbIHaCTap." 1963). Dianne Ra vich and Abigail Thernstrom, eds., The Democracy Reader: Classic and "'10dcrn Speeches, Essay~ Poems, Declaralions and Documents on Frecdom and Human Rights Worldwide. (1992). (LlllaHa PaBlf4 )J(allc A6J..lrefifl TepHcTp0:-"I, capanwbillap, "lleMoKpaTuHHblK XpCCTOMaTHHChl: KnaCCIIKaJlblK )KaHC 6yriHri ce3ACR. 3cce,

n03~laJlap, nCKJIapaUIIHJlap )J(C>He a,naMHhll{ 60CTafUlhlKTaPbl Mell KYKblKTaphl WPaJlbl 6YKiJl aJle"HeH )J(lIl1aJlrall llepeKTCp" 1992). Peter Reisenbcrg, Citizenship in the Western Tradition: Plato to Rousseau. (1992), (nltTep PaiiJclI6epr, "63TbICTbIK nc>cT)'Plleri aJaMaTTbIK: nJlaTOHHaH -- PyCCOFa neHiH", 1992).

John A. Hall, Civil Socicty: Theory, History, Comparison. (1995). (Ll)J(OH A. XlIJlJI, "A3a~I3TTbIK KOI<l~l:

TeOPl1S1Cbl, TaJlIIXbl, CaJIbICTbIPYJlap", 1995),

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cypaK KOnmll anaMilbl arabtnTaMail, orall MYMKillnirilltue KOMay KspceTeTill!leii onenTi.qiKKC yrapellin,

a'itlllJ1a,\lbIJfu'l COltllait Man.CHHcrnll 0PblllllJ1YblHa blKnal1 lKacaraHblMblJ )KOB. Ercp c[lynn KOlOllml 6ac TIlPTCClK.

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eiiTKClli, 'lila" )KaHblHblH. oebl meKTi K1lellen ycn\JJlapblMblJm OKbITY)lbIH Tl1iM)li )KOMlapblH HYCKaY>lCH 6ipre.

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Ta6blna)lbl. COll cc6enTCH, a3 Kbl3blrYWblnblfblMblJJlbl. 6iniMre, )KaHafa ncrCH Kywrapnblfb .. "bIJJlbl

KaHamTraHJlblpYllblH, a3i>lbGcH a3iMi3 KaJlbl!l 6yfibiFa 6cp>lefi, a3rellepMeH Kapbl~I-K.nTbIHaCK.a YMTbllly.ablH

>laH.bl'3bl '30p. Cayan KOHbtn aneTTeH)leCeK, 6i3 apeKerci3 i36~leYIUbl faHa OOllbtn K.anMaK.nb\J. AllaM OaJIaebl a3

opracblll 6ellcellJli ile 3ep CaJ1a 3epTrey apTblKWblJ1blfbllta He. MYllblll lIa1l1)Keci lie, ca3lKoK, TaMaWa 60,1apbl xaK.

olle6ueT:

Kay Lawson, The Human Polity: An Introduction to Political Science (1989). (KeH ]10YCOH, "J)acKapYAbIH

Ma"3<1TrbIK TYpi: CaRcar fb\flblMblHa Kipicne" , 1989) . Peter Berger and Richard Neuhaus. To Empower People: From State to Civil Society (1996). (Olnep Eeprep )Kalle

PltqapJl Hoi1xayc, "Ma~UJ,apra aKillJliK 6epy: MeMneKerreH -- aJaMaTTbIK KoraMra lleH.ill". 1996). Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776). (A.u.aM C~lHr, "Y nrrapl!blll aYI<ilTTblnblfbl". 1776).

KOPbITbIHAbl: ApHaHbl >K06anapfa apHanfaH HAeflnap.

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repeHipeK 3epTTeYlleH rYPYbl MYMKiH )KaHe OH,JI,aH 3cpTTeYlliH. MaKcaTbl KOCblMwa aK.napaT anYIl<! raHa CMCC, ap ell

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feTTO - Ka3ipri yaKblTTa: aUCKpUMlIHOU,lIRJlOH20H HFHII a3a~!aTTbIK KYKblKTapbI KeMCiTiJlreH

YJlTTblK a3wbmbIKTap TypaTbIH KaJla aYAaHllapbIH 6enriJley YWiH nalIllaJlaHbIJlallbl.

fOMllllbllan - K,blTafllla 1912 lKbIJlbl CYHb 5ITb-CeHHiH 6acwbmblfbiMeH ynbl~lllaCTbIPbIJlfaH,

YJlTTbIK-lleMOKpaTHHJlbIK, nporpeccHBTiK, cj:leOllaJlll3Mre lKaHe IIMnepl!aJlH3Mre Kapcbl KypecKeH

lKaHe eJllli napJlaMeHTTiK pecny6J111Kafa afIHaJlllblPYllbl MaKcaT TYTKaH napTHH.

fOMorelllliK - Kypa~lbl 60lIblHwa 6ipKeJlKi.

fyclITTep - lIexlIH XaJlblK 6YKapacblHblH KaTOJlllKTiK wipKeyre, (peOllaJlllblK e3in-lKaHwYfa lKaHe

WeTeJllliK arpeCCIIHfa KapCbl KypeciHe KaTblCKaHllap; '1CX XaJlKbIHblH YJlTTblK 6aTblpbl lK<'Hle

PeqJOpMau,llRllbll( IIlICOJlOrb! 5IH fYCTb!H i36aCapJIapbl.

'.11.c6aT - niKipTaJIaC, 6eJIriJIi-6ip MaCCJIeHi TaJlKhlra caJlY.

., .... . \Iell TClijUrI J<1I1,llap )KYlicci apK,blJlbl OpllaTbIJIFail )K011e ic )KY3iHl\C )KY3CrC aCblpblJlaTLlfi ca5lCI!

K,ypbIJlbIM; XaJlblK, 61!Jliri.

).I,ecnOTl13M a6coJlloITiK lK0He 33H,Cb13 6HJliK.

).I,eUCIITp3Jl1133UIIJI - OPT3JlblK.CbI3.n3H)J.bIPY; OPT3JlblK.TbIH, blK.n3JlbIH weKTey, a33iiTy; lKepriJIiKTi

OpblH)J.apra 93 epKiMeH wewiM K.a6b1JUI,an, 6peKeT ery MYMKiH)J.iriH 6epy.

).I,lIc6aJl3l1C - Tene-TeH)J.iKTiH, 6Y3bIJlYbI.

).I,IICKpIiMIIIIaUIiJI - a33Marrap.nblH, 6eJlriJli 6ip TOnTapbIH OJIap.llbIH, H6CiJI,lliK HeMece yJITTbII(

HblW3H)J.3pblHa KapaH lKeKe 6ac I(Yl(bII(TaPbIH3H aHblpy HeMece KeMciry.

).I,lIcCII,lIeIlT 6HJIeywi H.l\eOJIOrH5Ira l(apCbl 3,llaM; MeMJIeKeT Ca5lCaTblHa 6eJlceH)J.i Typ.ne KapCbIllbII(

6iJI,llipywi.

).I,oKTplIIIa - iJliM, f(93I(apaCTap, npHHl.\HnTep lKYHeci; Ca5lCH K.bI3MeITiH. 93eriH, 6aCTbl

Heri3.neMeciH aHK.blH)J.aHTbIH <!JopMYJIa.

l1.ueIlTII<!>IIKaUIIJI 06beKTiJIeprti C3JlbICTbIPY, aHblK.Tay, TaHy; 6JI,lleHeJlep.niH. TeH)J.iriH,

6ipKeJlKiJliriH MOHbIH)J.ay.

l1.ueoJlOntJl - K.OFaMHblH., 6JIeYMeITiK TOnTap,llblH. TynKiJIiKTi MY.ll.l\eciH 6iJI,llipeTiH Ca5lCII,

KYK,blK,TblK., 6.nenTiK, .niHH, 3CTeTHK3JlbIK., pyxaHH H.l\e5IJIap MeH K93KapaCTap )I(yHeci.

l1epapXlI1I - T9MeHri weH)J.ep MeH JIaya3blM.l\ap.nblH.lKOFapbIllapFa 6afblHY T6PTi6i.

I1MaM - K.Y,ll3HF3 KYJIWblJIblK. ery 6apblCblH)J.a aJUI,a TypYWbl, .niHH )I(eTeKwi; MYCblJIMaH

KaYblMblHblfl. 6aCWb1CbI.

l1~mepaTIIB - 3,llaMfa )KaF.naHITap HeMece MOP3Jlb.niK 3aH)J.ap TapanblHaH KOHblJIaTblH T3Jlan.

I1MnllqMellT - Kbl3MeITeH aJJaCTaTY lK6He 6JI,lle6ip KYPMeni, peCMH HeMece naif.na 6KeJIeTiH

KbI3MeT iCTeyre TblHbIM CaJJy.

I1l1ayrypal.\IIH - C3JlTaHaITbI Typ.ne I(bl3MeTKe Kipicy p6ciMi.

I1I1BeCTlIUlI1I - naif.n3 Ta6y Mal(CaTbIH)J.a 6JI,lle6ip 6aCTaMara, icKe, lKo6ara Y3aK Mep3iMre

Kam1T3Jl (He~lece MYJliKTiK HKH IIHTeJIJIeKTYaJUI,bIK KYH)J.blJIbIKTap.nblfI. Ke3-KeJIreH TYpiH) CaJJY.

I1l1.l\lIKaTOp - 6JI,lleHeHi 9JIWey YWiH KOJI,llaHbIJlaTbIH KYPbIJIrblHblfI. Ke3-KeJIreH TYPi.

1111110BaUliJl - )I(3f1.aWbIJI,llbll(; TeXHHKa MeH TeXHOJIOrHH 6YbIH)J.apbIHb1fI. 3JlMaCYbIH KaMTaMaCbI3

eTeTiH 3KOHOMHKaFa Kap)l(bI K.YIO; FbIJIbIMH-TeXHIIK3JlbIK. nporpecc lKeTicTiKTepiHifi. H6T11lKeci

60JlbIn Ta6bIJIaTbIH lKafl.a TeXHIIKa MeH TeXHOJlOrIl5l.

I1HTerpaUHlI - )I(aKbIH)J.acy, 93apa 6peKeT lKacay, KOHH-KOJITbIK. bIHTbIMaKTaCTbIK.

I1HTepaKTlIBTi - 3,llaM MeH KOMnbIOTep.niH. .nH3JIOr T6pTi6i; naif.n3JlaHYlIIblHblfI. cypayblHa

KOMnblOTepJIiK )I(yHe.neH 6ip.neH lKayan TycyMeH CllnaIT3JIaTbIH 93apa KapbIM-l(aTbIHac 6.nici.

I1I1TepnpeTaUIIH - 6JI,lleHeHiH. MarblHaCblH TYciH)J.ipy, aHKbIH.ll,ay; 6JI,lle6ip M6TiHre TyciHiKTeMe

6epy; 9Hep.ne - K.aH)J.aH .na 6ip K9pKeM rybIH)J.blHbI 93 yrbIMbI, lIIe6epJIiriHe caH OPbIH)J.ay.

I1I1<!>JIHUIIH - TayapJIap.nblH. 6araCbI 9cin, YJITTbII( BaJJIOTaHbIH. CaTLin 3JIYlIlbIJIbIK KYHbI

T9MeH)J.eHTiH Mep3iM (Ky6blJIbIC) aHCbl.

KallOH - ceHYlIliJIep.nifi. 66piHe OpTal( )I(6He MiH)J.eni lK3JInbIWipKeYJIiK HopMa.

KallTOIl - <DpaHl.\II51 MeH WBeHl.\apllfI,llaFbI 6KiMlIIiJIiK-aYMaK.TbIK 6ipJIiK.

KBIIIIT3cceHUIIH - 6ip.nefl.eHifi. 93eri; M6H-MaFbIHaCbI; eH. Mafl.bI3.nbICbI, 6aCTbICbI.

KBOTa- 6JI.l\eHeHifi. 69JIiri, yJIeci, HopMaCbI HeMece M9JIlliepi: caH lKaFblHaH WeKTeyJIep.

lhl eli

K

I

69 KOaJIHUHII - opTaK MYlUlere KOJI lKeTKi3Y MaKCaTblH,ua 6ipJIece KHMbUl lKacay YllIiH MeMJIeKerrepuiH, callCH napTHIIJIapUbIH, Kaci6H lKaHe 6aCKa .na yHblM.l(ap.nblH KeJIiciMre KeJIyi; o.naFbl,6ipJIeCTiri.

Ko.neKC - a.naM 9MipiHiH He Kbl3MeTIHiH 6emiJIi 6ip CaJlaCblHa KaTblCTbl 3aH.l(ap lKHblHTblfbI.

Ko.nHCilHKaUHII - eJl.l(iH 3aH.l(apblH KYKblKTblH lKeKe CanaJIapbl 60HbIHllIa 6ip

lKYHere 6ipiKTipy; aJl.l(e6ip epelKeJIep.ni, 6amap.nbl, 6eJIriJIeYJIep.ni lKyHeJIey.

KOKYC - AKlll-Ta 3aH llIblfapYlllbl 6HJIiK allCblHUa napTHllJlap.nblH 6ipiryi; YJIbl6pIITaHHII.l(a -6YJI napJIaMeHrriK napTHllJlap. . .. KOJlJla6opaUHOHHCTep - 1939-1945 lKbUl.l(apbl rHTJIepJIiK fepMaHHII 6aCbIn anraH aYMaKTap.na HeMic-!jJalllHcT 6acKbIHllIbiJIapbIHa Kbl3MeT eTKeH a.naM.l(ap.

KOMMepUHaJIlf3aUHII - aJI.ne6ip lKep.ne He icTe KOMMepUHllJlbIK, HapblKTblK KaTblHCTap.nbl eHrby; cay.na-carrbIK, KOMMepUHllJIblK Heri:3re K9ll1y.

KOMnHJlHUHH - 93iH.l(iK eMec, 93reJIep.niH llIblrapMaJIapblH nan.naJIaHY apKblJlbl KypaCTblpblJIfaH KypaMa a.ne6H eH6eK.

KOHBepreHlI.IIlI - KapaMa-KaHllIbIJIbIKTap.nbl 6aceH.l(ery, lKaKblH.l(acy, KOCblJlY npoueci.

KOHfJlOMepaT -I)ap TeKTec .nYHHeJIep.ni (TyciHiKTep.ni, 3arrap.nbl, Ky6blJIbICTap.nbl) lK9HlKOCblKCbl3 Koca CaJIY; 2) 3KOH. ap CaJIa.nafbl MeKeMeMeJIepJJ.iH, 9H.l(ipicTep.niH 6ipiry!jJopMaCbI.

KOHceHcyc - 6eJIriJIi 6ip MaCeJIe 60HblHllIa 93apa TyciHicTiKKe lKaHe 93apa apeKeT lKacayra MYMKiH.l(iK 6epeTiH OpTaK He YKcac 6af.napJIap.nbIH 60JIYbl; COJI HeriJ.ne KeJIiciMre KOJI lKeTKi3Y.

KOHcepBaTOp - KOHCepB3THBTIK IIKH eCKi.!\eH TypaKTaJIbIn KaJIraH, .nacTYPJIi K93KapaCTap.nbl yCTaHylllbl; eCKi HeMece .naCTYPJIi KaJIbInTbl, lKaf.nan.nbl lKaKTaYlllbl, lKaHalllblJl.l(blKKa KapCbl a.naM.

KOHCOJlH.naUHH - aJl.l(e6ip KYlliTep.niH opTaK My.nue YllIiH KypecTi YJIfaHry MaKcaTblHUa 6ipiryi, TOnTaCbIn-HblfalObI.

KOHCblOMepH3M - I) TYTblHYlllblJlap.nblH KYKblfblH Kopfay MaKcaTblH.nafbl K03faJIb1C; 2) TYTblHYlllblJlblK TayapJIap.nbl 9Mip.neri eH MaHbl3.nbl KYHUblJlblK .nen ecemeHTiH MaTepHaJIHCTiK K93Kapac.

KOH!jJHcKaUHH - COT llIellliMi He aKiMllIiJIiK aKTi 60HblHllIa lKeKe a.naMHbIH MYJIKiH MeMJIeKeT nan.naCblHa blPblKCbI3 lKaHe T9JIeyci3 TYP.ne TaPKiJIey.

KOHljIpoHTaUHII - KapaMa-KapCbIJIbIK; aJIeYMerriK lKyHeJIep.niH, TamblK My.nueJIep.niH. callCHH.l(ellJlblK npHHUllmep.niH KapaMa-KaHllIblJlblfbl, KaKTblfblCbI.

KOHuenUHH - K93KapaCTap lKYHeci; aJl.l(e6ip Ky6blJIblCTbi He npouecTi 6emiJIi 6ip K93KapacKa caH TYHciHY, Ka6blJl.l(ay; aJl.l(e6ip llIblFapMaHblH, FblJlblMH eH6eKTiH ~eKTi H.l(eIlCbl, 6ipTYTac, KeJIeJIi OHM.

KOHueCCHII - MeMJIeKerriH HeMece MYHHUHnaJI.l(bIK 9KiMerriH, KapaMafblH.l(aFbl lKep Y'lacKeJIepiH, nan.naJIbl KeH OpblH.l(apblH HeMece 9HUipiCTep.ni 6eJIrmi 6ip llIapT Heri3iHUe ipi YJIrrblK He llIeTeJl.l(iK MOHOnOJIHllJlapra nan.naJIaHyra 6epy ryPaJIbl KeJIiciM-lliapT.

Koop.nHHaUHH - YHJIeCTipy; KY3blpblHa any; 6ip caHKeCTiKKe KeJITipy (YFblM.l(bl, apeKerri, opraHH3M KbI3MeTiH).

KoppynUHII - Jlaya3blM.l(bl a.naM.l(ap.nbIH 93.nepiHe ceHin TanCblpblJlfaH KbI3MeT 6a6bIH, KYKblKTapbl MeH 6HJIiKTepiH lKeKe 6aCbIHbIH, nan.naCbI YllIiH lKYMcaYbIHa, nan.naJIaHYbIHa callTbIH KbIJIMbICTbIK apeKeT.

KOC~lOnOJlHTII3M - "a.naM - 0JICM a3aMaTbI" ncrCH lKaJIF3H ypaH lKeJ1cyiMeH YJITlK3H.nbIJ1bIKTbI,

.' ~ :

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, .. ' ... , I _. " •. ' '. ,,'/' .. ,," " .,"'-, h. I I I "I I .J U I ,I, I 1\".1.1.\1 ;111-[ Ii I JI t ll....: I U I I ~ p~ )Kc- Ydl' bJJ~i.I phi )t.;.cUJ:lJI FaH

, ~ , JlallJ(Tar - 16-17 ff. Keti6ip HCMic KH5I3W,IKTapbIHnafbl lKcpriJIiKTi eKiMeT opraHnapbl; 6yriHri

KYHi KCfl6ip eJInepne (rCpMallH5I, ABCTpllll) lKepriJIiKTi eKiJIeTTi opraH,Dap.

" .1.' ~

,:. ~ ,:; i JIcfllTlI,\Ial\1I1I - aJIne6ip KYKblKTbl1{ He eKiJIeTTiKTil{ 3aH,DblJIblfblH MoftbIH,Day HeMCCC paCTay.

JICfllTlI,\IIIOCTb - 3aH,DbIJIbIK, 3aH,Dbl MarbIHaCblH,Da.

JICti60PIICTbi - arblJIWblHHbl1{ OI{WblJI COL\l1aJIIICTiK

arb[JIWblH HMnepHaJII13MiHil{ KOC llapTllllCblHbl1{ 6ipi.

. J , llapTI111CbI; KOHCepBamOpAap,lteH I(aTap i.

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Jl1I6cpaJIIl3aL\1I11 (6araIlbl JIII6cpllaJIII3aL\IIIIJIay) - 6afaJIapnblfl. HapbIKTbIK 3KOHOMI1KaHblf{;~ l

3aH,DapbIHa Carl, Tayap WblfapYWbIJIapnblfl. e3apa 6aceKeci lKaHe Tayapra C¥paHbIC lleH YCbIHbIC ~ ; '. Hcri3iH,De epKiH Typne KaJIblllTaCYbl. . ,

JIII6cpaJIl13M - "KJIaCCIIKaJIbIK" JIlI6epaJIII3M - ap anaMHbll{ Heri3ri KYKblKTapbl 60JIYblH lKaHe :.

OJIap 3al{ lKY3iH,De KOpraJIYbl KalKeTTiriH TaJIan eTeTiH KOHl\elll\Hllra Heri3neJIreH Ca5lCII iJIiM.

JIlinep - KeceM; 6aCTaYWbl. Ca5lCI1 llapTIIIlHbIK, Kora~tnblK yfiblMHbl1{ 6aCWb1Cbl, lKeTeKwici.

JI066113,\1 - llapJIa~leHT MywcJIepiHil{ 6eJIriJIi 6ip lKo6aHbi KOMan naYblc 6epyiH Ka~ITaMaCbI3 ery

:-laKcaTblHna blKllaJI lKacafITblH TOllTapnbl yl'Ibl,tnaCrblpyra 6arbiTTaJIraH callcaT.

JIOIl.%lIbll' - eKiMeT opraH,DapblHbll{ 3aH,DapbIH, epelKeJIepiH, lKaHe TaJIanTapblH MYJITiKCiJ

0pbIHnay; eHereJIiJIiK, 6efiTapanTblK, KaH,Dal'I na 6ip OpafiCbI3, YHaMcbl3 apeKeTKc 6apMaYWb1JIb1K ..

MaiKiJIic - Ka3aKCTaH pecny6JI11KacblHbll{ 3al{ wblfapywblJIbIK Kbl3MeT aTKapaTblH lKorapbl

0KiJIerriK opraHbl - llapJIaMeHrril{ eKi naJIaTaCblHbl1{ 6ipi (T0McHri).

MaiKopIITap.%IK lKYIIC - CaflJIay HaTIIlKeciH aHblKTalITblH lKyfieJIepnil{ 6ipi; 6YJI lKYlIe 6ollblHw3

KaH!UlllarrapnbII{ iwiHlle el{ Ken (CaJIblCTblPMaJIbl He a6COJIIOT TYPlle) naYblc aJIfaHbl lKel{eni.

JVlaKp03KOIlO~lIIl<a - 3KOHOMlIKaHbll{ Kel{ aYKblMnbl lKaHe lKaJIllbmaMa, MbICaJIbl, eJIni I{ 6apJIbiK

Ta6blCTapbI ~leH HHBeCTlIl\IlIlJIapbIHbll{ apaKaTblHaCbl CHllKTbI MaCCJIeJIepni 3cprrel'ITiH 3KOHOMllK3

CaJIaCbl.

MalllmYJllIL\lI11 - KOJIMCH aMe6ip KypneJIi lKYMblCTbl OpblH,Day; KyflTblpKbl apeKCT; 6YKapa

caH3CblHa 6cJIriJIi 6ip IInC5IHbl cil{ipy ~JaKcaTblH,Da OfaH 6YKapaJIbiK aKnapaT KypaJInapblHblf{

K0"leri~leH ItneOJIOrJliIJIblK lKaHe pyxaHI1-nCHXOJIOrH5IJIbIK blKllaJI ery aniCTepi ~leH a'laJInapblHblfl.

)!(ytieci.

MapKCTlIIlr - Ta6blCTbi aprrblpy YWiH, TYTblHYWblJIapllbl1{ TayapJIap ~ICH

K,bl3Merrepre MYKTa)!(bl MeH TaJIfa~lblH aJInblH-aJIa cypacTblpblll 3epTTey apKblJIbl 0HcpKacinTiK

Kb13:-leTiH HapblK TaJIa6blHa calI YlIblMnaCTblpy lKaHe lKeTeKWiJIiK eTY )Kyftcci.

JVlcTaqHl311Ka I) nllaJIeKTlIKara Kapa~ta-KapCbl 0I1JIay, TYIICIKTey alllCI: 60mlblCTbiK

K0piHicrcpni OJIapnbl1{ iWKi 6al1JIaHblCbl lKaHe na~lyblHa opai1 CMCC, KcpiciHwe, 6ip-6ipiHC

6a1IJIaHb1CCb13, 60JICK, lKeKe-napa KapaCTblpanbl. 2) aMe6ip .-epeKci3, ol1wa lKOPblTbiJIraH, COJI

cc6enri TyciHiKCi3, KYl{ripT Hapce. 3) 60JIMblCTbll{ )KOrapbl ce3iMniK llplIHl\lInTepi TYPaJIbl

Q)IIJIOCOQJII5IJIbIK iJIiM (60JIMblCTbll{ PYXTblK aJIrbl waprrapbl, T.C.C.)

J\'IIIKp03KolioMIIKa - 3KOHOMIIKaHbll{ lKeKe CaJIaJIapblH, 60JIiKTepiH 3cpTTey; ~IaCeJIeH, HaKTbl 6ip

KO,lllaHII5IHbII{ iWKi 6ara Ca5lCaTbl.

i\,IIIIIII~1II3aL\1I11 - WblrblHnbl a3al1TY MaKCaTblH,Da aJInc6ip npoueCKe KaTblCYWbl 3JIe,leHTTep

caHblH a3aHTY He OJIapnbl1{ apaCblH,Darbl 6al1JIaHbiCrapnbl lKel{iMeTY, Ol{aflJlaTY.

/\'IYIfIll{IIn1laJIIITCT - lKepriJIiKTi C3IIJIaH6aJIbl e3iH-03i 6acK,apy OpraHbl.

HapblKTbl1\ 6ara - caTblll aJIYWblJIap aJIyra, 3JI eHnipywincp Tayapbl.\leH HapblKTbl )!(a611blKTayra

blHr,L%1 60JIaTblHnalI 6ara llcl{ret1i.

71 Hapbll\Tbl1\ 3KOIIOMIIKa - TayapJlbIK, wapyawbIJlbIK,K,a HeriJ)leJlrCH lKaHe apKiMHiH KiMMeH )lC

60JlCblH KeJliciM lKacay api S3 TayapbIHa 6araHbi epKiH 6eJlriJIey MYMKiH)llflH eCKepeTiH

Ma~l)lap)lbIH 3KOHOMlIKa CaJlaCbIH)larbI 6ip-6ipiMeH bIHTbIMaK,Tacy, S3apa apeKeTTTecy TaciJli.

HaUIIOllaJIIl3M - YJlTWbIJl)lbIK" YJlTlKaH)lbIJlbIK,; 6eJlriJli 6ip YJlTTbIH MY)l)leciH 6aCKaJlap)lbIH

MYMeciHeH lKOrapbI K,OIO lKaHe OHbI K,Opray.

HOBaTOpJlbII\ - lKaHaWbIJl)lbIK,; aJl)le6ip npOll,eCKe lKaHaJlbIK, aKeJlY apK,bIJlbI aJlra TapTY.

HOMellKJlaTypa - 1) fblJlbIM, SHep, TeXHHKa lKaHe T.C.C. CaJlaJlap)la nat'i)laJIaHblJlaTbIH TepMHH)lep

P MeH aTaYJlap)lbIH TiJiMi He lKHbIHTblfbI; 2) Tafat'ibIH)laJIYbI HeMece 6eKiTiJlyi lKOfapbI TypraH

opraH)lap)lbIH K,Y3blpeTiHe K,apaCTbI 60JlaTbIH Jlaya3bIM HeJlepiHiH weH6epi (Ks6iHece .. . i KOMMYHHCTiK pelKHM TYCbIH)lafbI lKoraprbI napTIHI MyweJlepI MeH 6HJliK HeJlepiHe K,aTbICTbI

at'iTblJlMbI)

OJlHrapXHII - a3WbIJlbIK,TbIH 6HJliri; callCH 6HJliK K,OFaMHbIH eH bIK,naJI)lbl 6sJliriHiH, aT Ts6eJliH)leH

a3 faHa TonTbIH K,OJlblH)la 60JlaTbIH pelKHM.

Onn03HUHlI - KsnwiJliKTiH niKipiHe K,apCbI WblfY HeMece KsnwiJliKTiH KeHiHeH eTeK aJlraH,

YCTeM)liK eTywi KS3K,apaCbIHa KapCbl KeJlY, COJl CHlIK,TbI 3aH WblfapYWbl, napTllllllblK, aJl)le 6acK,a

K,YPblJlbl~l)lap)larbI YCTeM niKip MeH KS3K,apaCTapfa K,apCbI WblfY; cOH)lat'i K,apCbIJlbIK, KspceTywi

Ma~l)lap He Tomap.

OnnOlleHT - 6allH)la~1afa He )lIlCCepTal.Ulllfa CbIH at'iTYWbl TYJlra.

OPTO)lOKCTbII\ - aH)lat'i )la 6ip iJliMHiH npHHlI,HmepiHiH 6acranK,bI HeMece lKaJlnbIJlaH

K,a6blJl)laHfaH TypnaTbIH 6YJlTapmat'i OpbIH)laYWbI, K,OJl)laYWbI.

OXJlOKpaTIlII- To6blP)lblH 6IlJliri.

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TIapTlIKYJlllPJlbII\- lKeKeJlereH, 6SJleK, )lapa.

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3THOCK,a TOJlbIK,lKaTK,bI36at'l)lbI, lIfHH MOHbIH)laMat'l)lbl.

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K,03faJIbIC; corbICTbIH Ke3-KCJlrCH TypiHe K,apCbI.

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nOnYJlII3M - 6YKapa apaCblH,Ua 03 ailrilliriH Hcri3Ci3, 0pblHnaJIYbI eKiTaJlail yanellep apKbIllbI YllfailTyra 6afblrraJIfaH iC-apeKeT.

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npeaM6YJla - peCMH KY)Karraplla- allne6ip XaJlbIKapaJIbIK KY)KarrbIH" 3aH,HbIH" 3aH.llap )KHHarblHbIH, Kipicne, TyciH,UipMe 60lliri.

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npe!jlepeHlIlliI - )KeH,iJllliK, apTbIKWbIJlbIK; MacelleH, XaJlbIKapaJIbIK KelliciM 60ilbIHwa eJlllep apaCbIH.!(arbI caYlla-carrbIKTbI YllrailTY MaKCaTbIH.lla 6epilleTiH caYlla )KeH,iJUtiKTepi.

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npHBaTll3allHiI - ~IeMlleKerriK MYlliKTi eH,6eK Y)KbIMllapbIHa, aKl\HOHeplliK KOraMllapfa HeMece )KeKe a3a~larrap ~leHwiriHe cary, 6epy.

npllOpllTeT - <3JllleHere K06ipeK KYKbIKTbI 60llY; apTbIKwbIllbIK.

npoBailllep - )Ka611bIKTaywbI, )KeTKiJin 6epywi.

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PallllKaJllI3M - CaiICaTTa 6aTbIll wapaJIap MeH <3peKerrepre TaJlnbIHY.

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Tayap - aflblp6ac (aKwarran He 3arr3l1) YWiH sl{JlipinreH SHiM.

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.. <l>aKcIIMIIJle - K.oJJ)Ka36aHbI He K.Y)KaTTbII{ Typa KowipMeciH KaRJIaH Jla 6ip )KOJlMeH JlaHblRJIay; JlaJlMe-JlaJl KowipMe.

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ICKepJliK 6eJlCeHJliJliK ulIKJli - 3KOHOMUKMaFbI oPJley )KaHe K.YlIJ\blpay Ke3eRJIepi; iCKeplliKKe bIl{raiiJlbI lKaHe KepiciHwe, bII{FaHCbI3, TycTap, Ke3eRJIep.

II1apnFaT - KypaHFa Heri3J1ellreH MycbIJlMaH)J,bIK. epelKeJlep lKUHaFbL

3B!jJeMII3M - TypnaHbI HeMece aJlenCi3 MaFbIHaHbI lKyMcapTa 6epy.

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3KcnaHclI1I- allJ\eHeHi 03iHil{ 6aCTanK.bI IlleriHeH aCblpy, YJlraHry; K.aRJIaH Jla 6ip MeMJleKeTTiH 03iHil{ 6acK.a ellJ\epre bIK.naJI eTY ailCbIH YJlFaHTY callcaTbI lKaHe COJI MaK.CaTTa60reH TeppfITOplllVlapJlbI 6aCbIn aJIyra JleHiH 6apYbL .•

3KcnponpllaUII1I - MeMJleKeT 6uJliriMeH lKypri3iJleriH MYJliKTi, MeHwiKTi epiKci3 TYPJle TapKiJley; aK.bICbI3 He al(bVlbI TYPJle 60JlYbI MYMKiH.

3KCTpeMII3M - callcaTTa HeMece allJ\e6ip lIJleMa weKTeH wblraTbIH K03K.apaCTap MeH ic-apeKerKe ayecTiK.

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~II~ IIII~ - IFES · KOJ1arWbl )Kalle )KaKCblpaK CKeHiH 03i TY>Kblpbli'-lnaraHbl 36Jan, ATl...

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