IEEE Guide for Protective Relay

Applications to Transmission Lines

What’s New in C37.113-2015

2017 Western Protective

Relay Conference

History

Revision of C37.113-1999Application of relays and protection systems

to protect transmission linesD19 Working Group of IEEE Power System

Relaying and Control (PSRC) Committee31 working group membersApproved on December 5, 2015

2

C37.113-2015 (D19 WG) members

Don Lukach - Chair

Jeffrey Barsch – Vice Chair

Martin Best

Gustavo Brunello

David Circa

Stephen Conrad

Randall Cunico

Alla Deronja

Normann Fischer

Dom Fontana

Gary Kobet

Walter McCannon

3

Alexis Mezco

Dean Miller

John Miller

Joe Mooney

James O’Brien

Dean Ouellette

Claire Patti

Elmo Price

Sam Sambasivan

Mohindar Sachdev

Phil Tatro

Richard Taylor

Michael Thompson

Ian Tualla

Demetrios Tziouvaras

Jun Verzosa

Solveig Ward

Roger Whittaker

Zhiying Zhang

Summary Paper D36 WG members

Jeffrey Barsch - Chair

Don Lukach - Vice Chair

Laura Agudelo

Jay Anderson

Gustavo Brunello

Don Burkart

David Busot

Nestor Casilla

Randall Cunico

Dom Fontana

Rafael Garcia

Binaya Joshi

4

Gary Kobet

Walter McCannon

John Miller

Joe Mooney

Manish Patel

Claire Patti

Greg Ryan

Ian Tualla

Looja Tuladhar

Joe Uchiyama

Umer Usman

Roger Whittaker

Karl Zimmerman

Table of Contents

Definitions, abbreviations, and acronymsFundamentalsImpact of system configuration on

selection of protection schemesRelay schemesAnnex and extensive bibliography

5

What’s New?Communication systems; Redundancy;

AutoreclosingGround overcurrent protection; Line

length considerationsLines terminated into transformersCurrent differential applications; Ground

path configurationsEffects of high grounding resistance

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What’s New (continued)?

Transfer and stub bus configurationsRelay elements used in step distance

schemesPolarization methodsSpecially shaped characteristicsSingle-phase tripping and reclosingFault and system studies

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Communications

Communications allows for high-speed clearing

Considerations when choosing a communication-based scheme

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Redundancy and Backup Considerations

9

Main 1 and main 2 systems for protecting a transmission line

Remote backup protection of a transmission line

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Autoreclosing methods

IEEE Std C37.104

Discusses criteria used for selecting autoreclosing schemes

High-speed and time-delayed are discussed

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Sensitive ground OC fault protection

High impedance faults pose challenge for distance relaysDirectional ground OC relays must

balance sensitivity and securityConsiderations when using OC

relaysCoordination requirements

12

Line length considerations and SIR

SIR > 4 ; short line0.5 <= SIR <= 4 ; medium lineSIR < 0.5 ; long line

Short lines pose challenge for line protection

13

Line length considerations and SIR

14

Considerations for Line Distance Applications

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Preferred scheme for a line terminated into a transformer –Use VH and IH

Considerations for Line Distance Applications

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Relay uses VH and IL

Considerations for Line Distance Applications

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Relay uses VL and IL

Considerations for Line Distance Applications

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Relay uses VL and IH

Current differential applications for lines terminated into transformers

No issues if current IH is used

If IL is used, consider:–Phase shift correction–Zero-sequence filtering

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Ground path configurations

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Symmetrical component diagram

21

Zero-sequence current flow

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(a)Delta to wye-grounded

transformer

(b)Wye-grounded to wye-grounded

transformer

Effects of high grounding resistance on operation of line protection

23

Transfer bus and stub bus configurations

24

Transfer bus configuration

Relay elements in step distance schemes

Use positive-sequence impedance in step distance schemes

Three relay elements are needed for detecting multiphase or single-phase-to-ground faults

k = (Z0 – Z1) / (3Z1)

25

Relay element

Type of fault

Voltage applied

Current applied

1 A-ground VA IA + 3I0k2 B-ground VB IB + 3I0k3 C-ground VC IC + 3I0k

Directional ground overcurrent relay polarization methods

Various methods are discussedImportance of using matching polarizing

methods

26

Specially shaped characteristics

27

Cone-type load blinder

28

Load blinders and lenticular characteristic

29

Role of directional ground OC relays with ground distance relays

Directional ground OC can provide sensitive protection for ground faults–Directional comparison pilot schemes

Load and system imbalanceA secure approach is to coordinate all

ground elements with each other

30

Single-phase tripping and reclosing

SLG fault -> Trip faulted phaseMulti-phase fault -> Trip all phasesBenefits:

– Typically improves stability and power transfer capability

– Improved system response– Lower power surges for generators– Do not need to check for synchronism on

reclose– Reduced switching overvoltages

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Single-phase tripping and reclosing – Special considerations

Faulted phase selectionArc deionizationAutomatic reclosing considerationsPole disagreementEffects of unbalanced currentsExtra requirements for circuit breakers

and relays

32

Questions

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