ICE CDM Lecture 2013.pdf

7/30/2019 ICE CDM Lecture 2013.pdf

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Monday 11th February 2013

CDM Regulations 2007Chris Hayward


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Agenda

Why do we need CDM - Purpose of the Regulations

Client

Designers

CDM Co-ordinator

Contractor

Health and Safety Files

Designer Interventions

The Future

Questions


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CDM 2007why?

European recognition of appalling rate of incidents within construction -50 fatal accidents in the UK last year

EU Directive interpreted under national legislation in the UK as theCDM Regulations

CDM 1994 wasnt working

The message was lost in bureaucracy

Health and Safety issues to be addressed from the initial stages of aproject;


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To avoid this.


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Principles

Early identification of hazard and risk;

Aim for health and safety to be integrated into normal management and

working procedures, not a bolt-on extra

Focus on actions to reduce and manage risk;

Co-ordination of Health & Safety across design, construction, use,

maintenance and demolition

Improved documentation throughout the life of a project

Reduce bureaucracy;


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Scope and field of application

All construction works in GB and its territorial waters

Some requirements only apply to notifiable projects

CDM 2007 applies to both employers and the self-employed


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Notifiable projects

Construction works expected to either:

- Last more than 30 working days;

- Or Involve more than 500 person days.

Notification to the HSE using the F10 form.

But:

DESIGNER DUTIES ALWAYS APPLY


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Clients


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Why are clients important?

Biggest single influence over the competence and resources of theconstruction team and the way the project is run;


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Who is a Client?

Developers

Local Authorities

Government or agencies

PFI

Insurance companies

Not domestic clients (provided project is not for profit).


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What clients must do ALWAYS

Check competence and resources of the project team (designers,contractors etc);

Allow sufficient time for each stage of the project;

Ensure that there are suitable communication and management

arrangements for the whole project to ensure that:

- The construction work can be carried out safely;

- Fixed workplaces are safe for use;

- There are suitable welfare facilities;

Co-operate with the project team;


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What clients must do NOTIFIABLE PROJECTS

Appoint a coordinator at the start of the design work;

Provide the coordinator with information:

- Likely to be needed by designers, PC, contractors;

- About the mobilisation period;

Ensure the HSE is notified (Client to sign F10);

Appoint a Principal Contractor;

Ensure that the construction phase does not start until:

- The PC has prepared a suitable H&S plan;- There are suitable welfare facilities;

Make sure the H&S file is reviewed, updated or prepared at the end of

the construction work.


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Provision of pre-construction information

To allow designers and contractors to identify hazards;

Hazards arising from previous works, site conditions, activities on or

near the site;

Information that can be obtained by surveys and other investigations;


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Existing On Site Risks e.g.

Boundaries and access;

Adjacent land use; Storage of hazardous material;

Locations of existing Services;

Ground Conditions, Underground structures, Watercourses;

Information about existing Structure, stability, Structural form, fragileor hazardous material;

H&S Information from Prior Projects (H&S File)

Asbestos;

Contaminated land;

Health Risks from Clients Activities.


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Existing on site risks

Example

Ammonia Plant

Low Pipe Bridge

Canal

Low canopy

Gas Compound andGovernor

Nitrogen Plant

Suspended Floor slab

with low capacity

Dust hazard to

asthmatics


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CDM Coordinator


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CDM Coordinator

Key project advisor in respect of construction health and safety riskmanagement matters;

To be appointed before design work, or planning or other preparation

for construction work is begun;

- i.e. before significant detailed design begins (includingpreparation of initial concept design and implementationof strategic brief);

If not appointed the client is considered to be the CDM coordinator


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CDM Co-ordinator: role and duties

Advise clients in particular on competence and resources of theirappointees;

Notify HSE about the project;

Ensure that design works and early planning are properly coordinated;

Identify and collect pre-construction information needed for designers

and contractors and advise client if surveys need to be commissioned

to fill significant gaps;


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CDM Co-ordinator: role and duties

Manage the flow of health and safety information between client,designers and contractors (e.g. CDM reviews, workshops etc.), even at

construction stage;

Advise client on suitability of construction H&S plan and of welfare

facilities arrangement at the start of works on site;

Produce or update the Health & Safety file.


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Design &

Planning

Feasibility &

Concept

Tender &

Mobilisation

ConstructionCommissioning &

Handover

CDM Co-ordinator


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Designers


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What is design?

To work out a structure by sketch

To Plan and Make Something

To intend something for a specific

purpose

A sketch, plan or drawing


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Who is a Designer?

Architects

Civil and Structural Engineers

Building Services Engineers

Temporary works designers

Contractors

Quantity Surveyors

Heritage organisations

The Client


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Designers

Reg. 11;

Ensure that they do not start design work other than initial design

unless a CDM Co-ordinator has been appointed;

Safe for use, provision of workplace regulations 92;

Provision of information:

- Notes on drawings;- Written information in the design;

- Suggested construction sequences.


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Designer duties

Designers have to:

- Ensure clients are aware of their duties

- Make sure they (the designer) are competent

- Coordinate their work with others as necessary tomanage risk

- Cooperate with CDM Coordinator and others

- Provide information for the Health and Safety File


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Designer duties

Designers have to avoid foreseeable risks So Far As Is ReasonablyPracticable by:

- Eliminating hazards from the construction, cleaning,

maintenance, and proposed use (workplace only) &demolition of a structure

- Reduce risks from any remaining hazard

- Give collective risk reduction measures priority overindividual measures


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Designer duties

Designers must also:

Take account of the Workplace Regs when designing a workplace

structure

Provide information with the design to assist clients, other designers, &

contractors

In particularinform others of significant or unusual/ not obvious

residual risks


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Designer duties

Designers have to be given relevant information by the Coordinator

Risks which are not foreseeable do not need to be considered

The Regulations do not require zero risk designs because this is

impossible.

Amount of effort made to eliminate hazards should be proportionate to

the risk


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Design risk assessmentthe HSE view

Inspectors may consider excessive and unnecessary paper work showsa lack of competence.

Designers should concentrate on reducing risk and not on managing

paperwork.


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Design risk assessmentan alternative view

Having an auditable trail to record key design decisions is oftenimportant for project and legal reasons.

Design risk registers are useful tools when used a live documents.


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Prosecutions

Person fell through fragile roof to their death. Designer, PlanningSupervisor and Contractor all prosecuted.

Prosecution for failing to design adequate temporary works to support

excavation.

Architect specified heavy blocks that contractor decided could only be

laid manually


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Worst case scenario

A sub contractor was working on the air conditioning

plant which was a built on a platform accessed via aladder at the edge of a flat roof. The roof only had a low

parapet which was not high enough to prevent him from

falling 9m to the ground.

Oxford Architects Partnership of Oxford was fined

120,000 and ordered to pay 60,000 costs

Speaking after the hearing, the Health & SafetyExecutive said:

Designers must ensure that plant and equipment can be

accessed safely and that safety harnesses are only used

as a last resort.

NB: Principal Contractor also fined 75,000 and orderedto pay costs of 68,000.


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Design Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment


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Hazards e.g.

Falls people, objects;

Electric shock;

Drowning;

Confined spaces;

Fire;

Polluted or contaminated ground

Lifting, lowering loads

Services below and above ground;

Substances hazardous to health;

Moving plant and vehicles.

d


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Hazard

Something with potential to cause harm

I i i l h d id ifi i


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Initial hazard identification

Brainstorm ideasPrevious Projects

Talk to fellow design team members

Use Industry GuidanceUse Red, Amber and Green lists

Ri k


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Risk

The product of the severity and the likelihood that the harmwill occur

5 i k


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5 steps to risk assessment

1. Look for the hazards

2. Decide who may beharmed and how

3. Evaluate the risks anddecide whether existing

precautions are adequateor more should be done

4. Record the findings

5. Review and revise


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Identify

Hazards

Identify

Control

Measures

Review

Options

Is

Residual

Risk

Acceptable

?

RISK REGISTER

Implement

Control

Measures

What could

go wrong?

Assess

Risks

Monitor

Quantify

Rank

Mitigation

Management

Control

No

Yes

Update risk

register

Risk management approach


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ARC (cousin of E. R. I. C).

AvoidOmit, Substitute

Remove at source

Remove COMPLETELY

REDUCESubstitute with lower risk

Reduce exposure

CommunicateThe right information

To the right person

At the right time


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Simple Risk Register


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Current Register 130+ identified issues


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TimeCost benefits


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Ways of communicating

Notes on drawings

SHE Box

Narrative

Photos on drawings

Construction Sequences

Notes on as built drawings

Risk statements

D f d il


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information which they cannot be expected to know

stated only to the extent necessary to enable a competent contractor...................

to put appropriate precautions in place

Degree of detail


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Summarya practical approach

Initial hazard identification (IHI) then evaluate;

Determine the likelihood that harm will occur;

Carry out a risk assessment;

Apply ERICEliminate, Reduce, Inform, Control;

Change the design to mitigate the risk;

Re-assess the risk;

Update the IHI and CDM reviews;

Talk to your fellow design team members;

Document the process.


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(Principal) Contractors

i


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Contractor Duties

Part IV of the Regulations

Plan, manage and monitor own work and that of workers e.g.

- Work At Height

- Excavations

- Electricity- Many others..

Secure the site

Provide welfare

Train own workers

Most Important role?


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Competence

C C i i


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Core Criteria

Defined in Appendix 4 and 5 of the Approved Code of Practice

Provides details of standard to be achieved and gives examples

Knowledge

Understanding

Experience

NB: Think Corporate and Individual.

C f i i


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Competency assessment of organisations

Stage 1: assessment of companys organisation and arrangements for

health and safety;

- General H&S procedures

- CDM arrangements

- Accident frequency, enforcement notices etc.

Stage 2: assessment of companys experience and track record

A d f i


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A word of caution

A mans gotta know his

limitations


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Health and Safety File

H lth d S f t fil


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Health and Safety file

Only for notifiable jobs:

To be finalised at the end on construction phase, or when

needed (e.g. phased handover)

Project summary which records aspects of the

construction which have Health and Safety implications

D i C t ib ti t th fil


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Designers Contribution to the file

For example:

Residual design and hazards and how they have been mitigated. Cross

references to drawings etc.

Key structural principles e.g. bracing and tensioning

Changes to the original specification

Hazardous materials used.

Information regarding the removal or dismantling of installed plant and

equipment.

Fire Strategy


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Designer Interventions

Further examples

S f i D i


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Safety in Designlifecycle approach


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Construction

Design Consideration Aesthetics


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Design Consideration - Aesthetics

Fatality as worker fell from

platform

Life safety

Buildability

Design considerations - Cost


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Design considerations Cost

- Parapets are expensive.right?

Pre assembly


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Pre-assembly

Depending on site

access and availableroutes to the site, the

majority of steelwork

assembly can take place

offsite. As pre-assembly

of material reduces therisks on site, this aspect

of the project should be

explored during the

planning phase.

Pre installed edge protection


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Pre-installed edge protection

Lifting brackets and pre-installed edge protection improve lifting

practices. If the handrail cannot be installed, brackets are an alternative.

Simple but effective


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Simple but effective.

Installing glazing


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Installing glazing

Scaffoldless construction

What other factors to consider

during design?

What goes up


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What goes up.

Terminology


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Terminology

o Fall Restraint

o You cant fall

o Must be fitted and worn correctly

o Must be positioned correctlyo Requires Training

o Fall arrest

o You can fallbut not far

o Requires verycareful selection

o

Must be fitted and worn correctlyo Has a shock absorber

o Requires extensive training

o How do you get down? Trauma.

o Also netting...

Use of Mock ups


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Use of Mock ups

How to safely and efficiently construct

novel design features?

Risks to safety

Risks to programme

Improved means of access

Amended method statements

100 days of erection time saved on site


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Maintenance

MEWPSWhat could go wrong?


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MEWPSWhat could go wrong?

Facade lighting


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Facade lighting

Lamps protrude over the parapet

Risks from reaching out and falling

Solution to design stands that swivel

to bring heads back inside the

parapet.

Example - up lights and window actuators


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Example - up lights and window actuators

Risk of fall from height

Difficult to maintain

Fixed ladder to access walkway

Latchway on walkway

Windows open inwards

But

Has the risk been eliminated?.

Access to ceiling voids


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Access to ceiling voids

Void at 5 Metres

Large panels

Work at height

Manual Handling

Design for MEWP access

Hinge panels

No plant in inaccessible

areas of the void.

A word on ladders..


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3 D Modelling


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3 D Modelling

Services are difficult to

coordinate

Can lead to late changes in

design

Difficult to install andmaintain

Modelling can improve safety

and buildability

Existing on site risks


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g

Existing pipe bridge

East West Ditch contaminated

Existing access

Lockable gate to access to

pipe bridge stanchion

Existing utilities and

drainage in verge

New access required

Piles of unprocessed

materials

Security systems to bemaintained throughout

Upgraded

road Site in flood plain

Overhead pipe lines

Powered CSO Screen


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Screen mounted on alifting frame with guiderails so it could be

brought to the surface

for maintenance.- Reduces the frequency of

personnel entering thechamber for maintenance.

The chamber was pre-fabricated off site anddropped into place

Grasscrete


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Pre-cast Manhole


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Shoemaker's RowShaft,


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Heading & Re-Lining Works

Re-line a partiallycollapsed culvert

- Draining mine workings

- No option to abandon

Brainstorm options

Highlight risks andassumptions

Specialist tunnellingcompany used

Split flushing orifice plate


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Flow control

If become blocked can belifted from the surface

No confined space entryrequired in a floodedmanhole

Extended pile cap sleeves


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Proposed demolition or construction sequences


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Many internal walls and floors to be removed to leave the faade

Initial Designer needed to communicate their intent and understanding of the building to the

Contractors Temporary Works Designer

Sketches form a good basis for discussion with temporary works designer and are a an

example of good communication of risk

Useful documents


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Approved Code of PracticeThe ACOP;

Five Steps to Risk AssessmentHSE web site;

Designing for Health and Safety In ConstructionHSE

ISBN 0717608077;

CIRIA C662 - Construction work sector guidance for

designers

CIRIA C663 - Workplace in-use guidance for designers

CIRIA C611Safe Access for Maintenance and Repair.


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The Future

Possible Changes


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g

Domestic clients

The CDM-C

Competence


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Any Questions?

ICE CDM Lecture 2013.pdf

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