HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40,...
Transcript of HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40,...
HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339
�� �� ���� �� � ��: �� ���� ��� ��� ��
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(2001 11� 26� ��, 2002 3� 27� ��)
Study on the Measurement of Average Specific Cake Resistance in Cake Filtration of Particulate Suspension and Sedimented Floc
Sung Sam Yim†, Yun Min Song and Se Jin Jun*
Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inchon 402-751, Korea*Department of Environment and Life Science, Daewon Science College, Jechon 390-702, Korea
(Received 26 November 2001; accepted 27 March 2002)
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Abstract − The exact measurement of average specific resistance in a cake filtration is fundamental and important for the
industrial operation and research. In spite of the importance, the influences of the relative size between the particles in sus-
pension and pores of filter medium, the initial concentration of suspension, the velocity of sedimentation during filtration, the
pre-sedimentation time before the start of filtration to the measured values of average specific cake resistance were not been
studied. These phenomena have been studied experimentally and analyzed, then the methods to eliminate such effects to measure
the accurate specific cake resistance are proposed. A method of measuring the exact solid content of a cake for the floc filtration is
also proposed. Without this method the average specific cake resistance would be measured only 52% of the exact value.
Key words: Filtration, Cake Filtration, Filtration-Permeation, Floc Filtration, Sedimentation During Cake Filtration
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HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002
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)±2> �� ��>� {�=��� B�� 40 L À> �1 �
2O�. ��1 MN2> ��>� À> � B�� GH1 IPI
{�=���1 �VMB À> �� ��+,� 0.5 >+7� �&
J ö¡ ��. P Q {�=���� À> � B�� GH1 IPË
{�=���1 (±M¥�.
#$&� �� C� .I VM� ��>� À> � B�� GH1
z_ ��1 MN��. ��3 À> �� °+?@ �h%�. Pp�
@ �� Au +,� £V� T�. çyS?@ 200 cm3� ���
200 cm3� �1 gh2O?�@ ~�� 3F9 400 cm3� <=� *
�� K� %�. À> �� CL� 40,000 cm3�I �& g>� <=
� 400 cm3��@ L_1 �&?@ ·� +,Õ� °ó3 í 1%� %
�. � M� æ�[3 (+(��)� ��_±± ²3 K�F +,� £
V� !> �� � )*� BC2O�.
Ã�1 �� !" aUg3 �� C� ù <r�[ ��� 80% (A
�h% Q<� ���1 ��± ²Aø �N�O¡ P�2O�.
3-3-2. �+® ����
Fig. 3� |� �� C� òQ2� �+� g m¡ aN2O�. #$
&� .I �� ¸�1 RI òQ23 �3 1-2r� �S?F, �y V
�� �9� è±2> �� #$&� .� 2r Q� ��1 MN2O�.
��� gh� H�3 �� C y<� YÂ<�� �23 +,� K
ó1 YÂMB ��1 gh2O�. TU� f_m3 I+� Kó1 �
23 +,?@ °+M�3 °+��1 BC2� �23 +,� �fE
�. 7ç� °+��3 ��C� +,� (MB �� +,7� íi
ö� +,� D_n >J1 J À-��. �� ���[3 �� Au +
dVdt------- p∆
µ αavW Rm+( )----------------------------------=
Fig. 1. A typical experimental result of filtration-permeation of bento-nite floc flocculated with cationic flocculant at 1 atm.
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of a vacuum filtration apparatus.
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of pressure filtration apparatus.
HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002
334 ���� !"�#$%
,� ö{��� ¶{±3 �(� âV%�. Fig. 1� Ã� >i� ×
� V�� �� ∆t/∆V� '(D± ²� �� �p� +,� Õ�@ ·
� ���.
��-�1 gh� H� �1 �� !" aUg1 �� 400 mL�
W C>� ._ ��>� Kó TU B�� �2O�. ��>� ��
d C> B�� YÂj�A !" aUg1 XY �þ�. +,� !" a
Ug� f_m3 C>� À-%�. ��� �hD9[ Fi �&�Z�
!" aUg� �� C� À-� D_ "YS?@ ��-Ã�� Y�_
�h%�. � ��3 }@ ���� ���[ BC2O�. Fig. 3� �
��� �£1 FåæE�.
3-2. ���� ��
�� J3 Advantec[\�]^_`a(�X)�[ a�% Advantec
Toyo 5A, Advantec Toyo 5C, �b� Whatman No. 4, Whatman No. 5,
Whatman GF/C, P�I Micro filtration systemB� cellulose acetate¤
K� microfiltration!(MF!), polysulfone¤K� MF!, P�I Bonmac
cB� += ¢�� ¯d�� SartoriusB�[ a�� Àe ßH 8µm
��!� BC2O�. SartoriusB� af� �� � �� ���� B
C2O�.
g hi �� �y �K@3 Jin chemicalB(�b)�[ a�� jkk
l� BC2O�. � jkkl� Malvern cB� Mastersizer1 BC2
� !A rs� Â� J Z� !"� <= �� !" �>@ 0.3-50µm
B�� r³2I mE�. � M� æ�[3 _Ú µ( �>� !"� 4
� r³1 Õ±23 �� {�¬ âS?@ E¡ r³D_ m?Ë, �
� !"H� 8.54µm �E?Ë, 1µm �2� �>1 �±3 !"3 10%
(AO�.
���� �f> ��[3 bentonite !"1 #$&?@ �f_ BC
2O�. � mÊF�n volclay3 American Colloid Company af?@
"> uL� 12-15Í� �� og2� Coulter counter� �� 19.3µm
7� � �� 33.4%, 12.1 7� � �� 52.9%, 7.63 7� � �� 72.3%,
4.81 7� � �� 85.3%@ Fåp�.
��a@3 �` ��a Cyanamid Superfolc(Superfloc) C 581�
BC2O�. r"L� 105-106 g/mol@ Ir" ��a@3 r"L� N
� ���.
4. � ��
4-1. ! ���� "�� #�$% &'( �� �� ����
��) *+
�� �� ����� �� J� �� ��� õ3 (A1 §> �
� 8 � � �� J� 1 wt%� jkkl #$&� 0.5 >+� °+?
@ ��-Ã�M�3 ~�� gh2� Fig. 4� ~� Â�1 FåæE�.
�� �� J� !" aUg1 �MB '(� � �A, ��
J� ÀiÁ� ¼41 BC2� k� �� J� �� Àe ßH�
Table 1� aM2O�. BC� �� J u �� � Àe� �� ��
BonmacB� += ¢�@ ßH� 4.2µmOI, Whatman No. 4, Toyo
5A, Whatman GF/C� ý[@ �>� N¡ Fåp�. Whatman GF/C3
2.2µm� ßH� �±I m3 �?@ '(DE�. P �;?@3 Whatman
No. 5� 1.2µm, Toyo 5C� 0.95µm@ U� V�� ßH� �±I m
E�. �q1 �� ~�� microfiltration� BC23 polysulfone ¤K
� !� 0.51µm, cellulose acetate¤K� !� 0.43µm� ßH�E�.
Fig. 4� cd ~�� �>� *�23 ßà <r� �� >i�I, Q
>� U� �(� ∆t/∆V�� �±3 <r� !" aUg� Ã� >i
��. ��-Ã� ~� Â��[ Whatman No. 5� Toyo 5C�� × �
�. H�� 7�I, Fr± 6�3 U� V�� Â�1 7O�.
�� Àe ßH� y�S?@ � �� J� N� �� J� ~�
Â�� c¼ {^Ô� U� |� <r� ³´D_ m�. µ� Àe� �
� ßH� 4.2µm· +=¢�� 0.43µm· MF!� ��-Ã� ~� Â
�� U� V�2¡ F` �� }s��� Â���. ��� çS·
��� �� ��� <û23 �?@, �� J1 Z�23 Àe� �
>� �� �� ��� �� ��� ��± ²3�3 �� *�� }I
m�. � ~��[ �� J3 ѱ ���1 õ }3 ��� 2I m
?Ë, ��3 ����[ �_1�3 � �� !*DE�I w���.
�J@ �� >i� �� �����, � >i� �� ����� �
¡ Õ�� F± ²3�.
PpF �� Àe ßH� �� 1.2µm� 0.95µm@ '(% Whatman
No. 5� Toyo 5C� ��-� ~��[3 �� >i� >�>� ��
�� ����� � �� ��, Ã� >i�A ∆t/∆V� �� �Ñ� �
Ë �&t�F¸ � yu2O�. � P^¯ xú� 7 cm� ��23
90 cm3� ��� ¢£� Mi� çyS· �� Â�1 Fåæ3 Toyo
5A� H��3 1r 50�O?F, µ�� Â�1 Fåæ3 Whatman No.
5� H�3 4r 23�@ 2.4� Mi� �S�.
� ¼ � � �±�[ �_1 #y� �;� |� rs2O�. � #
$&� Ĥ23 �±� Àe �>� �v� !"f� :;<� �±
� !�> MN� �� � ¼ �±� ��-Ã� �A1 Ú�¡ 2O�
I w���. Àe� �>� J � += ¢�� |� �� J�[3 N
� !"� Àe?@ �©F�9[ ���� »�� D_ �� J� !
w #y� U� TE�I �s2O�. �� Àe� �>� {} N�
MF !�[3 BC� #$& æ� !"� J +[ N� Àe� !w #
y� TE�I xÑ2O�.
�y� rs� �û29 N� Àe� �� �� J1 BCy� H�
��� z_±3 �� {�Ë, � Àe� �� �� J1 BCy� H
� ��� J {¬±3 �A {��. }��n � q� #$& æ� �
� J1 !� g m3 �>� !"� 4� Ĥ�[3 W %�3 ��
�. Pp�@ #��[ ��1 gh� �� J@ �� ~�~�[ �
� ~�� gh2� Sû�� xÑ23 �� |eß2�. ��[ gh
� ~��[3 ~� �(� _Ú (A� � � gâD> ð6� ~�
Fig. 4. Filtration-permeation of 1 wt% calcium carbonate suspensionwith various filter medium at 0.5 atm.
Table 1. Average pore diameters of various filter medium
Filter medium Pore diameter(µm)
Coffee filter(bonmac) 4.2Whatman No. 4 3.6Toyo 5A 2.8Whatman GF/C 2.2Whatman No. 5 1.2Toyo 5C 10.95Microfiltration membrane(PS) 10.51Microfiltration membrane(CA) 10.43
���� �40� �3� 2002� 6�
�� �� ���� �� � ��: �� ���� ��� ��� �� 335
�[ '(% �� ����� g�S?@ "R� ÉÊ2± ²þ�.
���� �� N� !"f� ��D_ m?�@ ���� �>3 �
� J� Àe� �>7�3 � � H�� �<r��. Pp�@ �
��� �>� �� J� Àe� �>� �Á� -¬ �� �� ��
��� � ��� õ±3 ²3�. PpF ��a� Ó� <}2� ��
D± ²� N� !"� Ĥ23 H�, �� |� �� J� � � -
¬[3 ���A� � Ú¨K g m�. �� ��� BC23 ��a
� r"L� � H� &J �� ${ m3 #� ��a� �� J�
�¨ �� �A� � Ú¨K g m�. �� H�� �2�3 ~ <r
�[ rs� ���.
4-2. ,-.� /' 01( �� �� ��� � ��) *+:
�� 234 5671� *+
��1 MN� ð� IJ� KL ¦A� 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%,
8 wt%, 15 wt%· #$&� �� ��-Ã� ~�� gh2O�. ~��
cd Â�1 P<� Fåæ>3 _¨��@ �ÖS· Æ �� ~� Â
�1 Fig. 5� FåæE�. P<� »Ù3 c¼ »S· ��-Ã� ~
� Â�O�. � P<?@ 79 ¶� ¦A� ~� Â��[3 ��� Ã
�>i� Zr� tY� ��_±F, ö� ¦A· 1 wt% #$&� ~
� Â��[3 �� >i� Ã� >i� Zr� W %�. PpF yú�
t�29 1 wt% #$&� ~� Â�A �>� 8 wt% #$&� ~� Â
�� |� ��2¡ ��� Ã� >i� Zr%�.
4-2-1. ��>i� C �� ßà� >�> rs
�� ~� Â�1 rs2> �2� �� ® (6)� �� � ¦A� �
� �& Ñ� <=� »�D3 ���� IJ� KL C �� Z2O�.
P�I ~�� �� >i� ��23 ���� ßà ®� >�>1 Z
2O�. � �f� Table 2� FåæE�(� ¼ �± �� �&� qA, �
� +,?@ ® (8)� BC2� �� �� ����� k� g m�).
Fig. 5�[3 ~� Â�1 V� ∆t/∆V� ��[� FåæE?F,
Table 2�3 ~� Â�1 V� t/V� P^¯@A (�2� Z� ��>
i� >�>A aM2O�. �>�[ So3 ��� MND3 ýi� #
$&� I»r KL rÁ��. #¤7± cd YZ"f� � �>� So
� J ��>i� � è±%�I w�2I, ��>i VW� C �
� ® (6)� �� � So@<� k2O�.
Table 2� ö� ¦A�[3 C� �� #$& æ� �> I»r KL
rÁ So� U� |?F, ¶� ¦A�[3 y�� Õ�� FI m�. �
�� ® (6)� �� Â�@[ ¶� ¦A, µ� � �� ��� |� ¶
� ¦A� ���[3 µ� C�� }��n � �?@ w�%�. C1
Fåæ3 x�[ �� �� �� ~�� �� ö� ¦A· 1 wt%� C
�· 10.1 kg/m3� >8?@ 2� �. ¦A� C �� ��� Æ Í·
�1 Få� ���. �> ¦A 8 wt%3 1 wt%� �� �> ¦A@3
8Í�±� C �?@3 8.8Í��.
~� Â�� SCM�> �� ® (8)� dt/dV1 ∆t/∆V@ �J29 {
^� ®� %�.
(11)
�� >i� × � �yS(���)· ��� h���9 Table 2�
>�>� � ®� -¬n ��. Þ ® (11)�[ (µαav/∆p)C� �� >�
>� %�. �p ¦A� ~��[, �� �� qA, �� ����, +,
� V�2�@ >�>3 ѱ C�� �á�n ��. Table 2� R hi
z� ~�� ∆t/∆V��[ Z� >�>1 FåæE�. �� � z� �
� �� So� 0.01� >�>� �� � ¦A�[� >�>� Æ Í·�
1 ÖM2� �þ�. ® (11)� -3 �yS· ���[3 C1 Få
æ3 z� �� æ� �"� R hi x� ��æ� �"� ���n
��. PpF ~��[3 ¶� ¦A�[� ~��gø ¼ hi z� R
hi z� �� æ� �"� Õ�� J N�©[ So�� 0.08· H��
3 ¼ hi z� �� 8.8, R hi z� �� 15.6?@ ��7� 77%
J � >�>1 FåæE�. ��3 >�>� C� P�I qA� +,
?@ �� ����� k2�@ �S?@ �� ����� ��Z
J � �?@ '(%�.
�� �q1 �� Sr� �� ��% ® (9)� �M S3�.
(9)
� )*� �� ~��[ '(% >�>3 (µαav/2∆p)C� %�. � �
A �M C�� ��n ��. Table 2� 4hi z� '(% >�>1
SI, �� �� V�� >8?@ k� �� SE�. �� æ� �f
� =Ô x� �� V�2±3 ²?F y�� �v2Ë, C1 Fåæ3
x�3 y�� ��.
Âb �� �q3 ¦A� -. >�>� ® (11) �3 (9)� (t2
¡ ��2±3 ²3�3 �� 7�8�. ��� rs23 )�� ¼ �
±� m�. P 2F3 ¦A� �� #$&�gø ��� ~�� Õ�
� � �?@ 7{ >�>� Õ�� ¦A� ���¬I �( � g m
�. �3 ¦A� *�´� -¬ �� ����� *���3 �(� �
g m�.
® (11)� �29 V� ∆t/∆V� P^¯� �� >i� >�>3 (µαav/
∆p) C�I, ® (9)� �29 V� t/V� P^¯� >�>3 (µαav/2∆p)
C?@ ~�� (t� H� � >�>� �Á� 2�_n ��. Table 2
� � ~�� �� >�>� Õ�1 S_ �þ�. ö� ¦A· So� 0.01
�[3 � �Á� 2.07@ U� ��� �7�F, ¶� ¦A· So� 0.08
�[3 2.407± *���. ��� �� ®� Ý ��2± ²¡ 23 £
·� #$&� �> I»r KL rÁ So� m�3 �� ����.
4-2-2. '(% �� ����
�� >�>�[ Z� �� >i� ¼ �± �� �����, ® (4)
� �� Ã� >i� �� ����, P�I ® (11)� �� �� J�
��� Table 3� FåæE�.
�>[ αav.f(∆t/∆V)3 V� ∆t/∆V� P^¯� �� >i� >�>�
[ �� �� �� �����I, αav.f(t/V)3 V� t/V�[ �� ���.
∆t∆V-------- µ
p∆------αavCV µ
p∆------Rm+=
tV---- µ
2 p∆---------αavCV µ
p∆------Rm+=
Table 2. The values of C based on So and the slopes during filtration
So[−]C by So
[kg/m3]Slope(∆t/∆V)[×104 s/m2]
Slope(t/V)[×104 s/m2]
Slope(∆t/∆V)slope(t/V)
0.01 10.1(1.0) 1.51(1.0) 0.73(1.0) 2.070.02 20.5(2.0) 3.49(2.3) 1.62(2.2) 2.150.03 31.2(3.1) 6.92(4.6) 3.19(4.4) 2.170.04 42.1(4.2) 9.69(6.4) 4.37(6.0) 2.220.08 88.9(8.8) 23.5(15.6)1 19.80(13.4) 2.40
Fig. 5. Filtration-permeation of 1, 4, 8 wt% calcium carbonate suspen-sion at 0.5 atm.
HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002
336 ���� !"�#$%
�� αav.p(∆t/∆V)3 V� ∆t/∆V� P^¯�[ Ã� >i� Ã� �A�
® (4)1 BC2� k� �� ������.
#¤ çCD3 ��� �29 �� ����� ¦A� ��� õ±
²?�@, � Ö� cd �� ����� V�2¡ '(D_n ��. P
pF αav.f (∆t/∆V)3 �> #$&� I»r rÁ� *�� -¬ 7.48�
1010m/kg�[ 13.2�1010m/kg@ 76%F *�2OI, αav.f(t/V)3 ��
7�3 N� (A�F �M I»r rÁ� *�� -¬ y�� (A�
�� ����� *�1 7O�. � �3 � >�>�[ �'� g
m3 B�?@ |� �K�¬A ¦A� �9 ��� �� #¤� r
s)*?@ �� ���� '(� H� ¦A1 �>�n ´� 7�8
�. � æC� J �t� 2> �� Fig. 6� P<?@ cd �� ��
��� FåæE�.
Fig. 6� �29 ��>i� '(% �� ���f�3 º�, Ã� >
i� '(% αav.p�� _Ú (A� �Õ1 7�>3 2F �p ¦A�
#$&� �� U� �v� ���@ �> I»r rÁ So� ��� õ
± ²3�I xÑ2O�. Þ, Ã� >i� '(� �� ����(average
specific cake resistance)� �� »�% ����[ '(2O?�@ P
� �(, Þ ¦A� �� º¬±3 � �A� ��� õ± ²3�
I Â�� æS�. � ~� Â�3 �U g� Gi çCD_` ��, Þ
�� �� ����� #$&� ¦A� -¬ /02± ²3�3 �
� ����.
Pp�@ ¦A� ��� õ� �Ì�� m3 �K� �� �����
'(�3 ��-� )*� J �� g m3 �� ��� m�. �
� Ã� >i� /2± ²3 è�� '(23 ���@ ��>i� (
t� >�>1 '(23 �7� i� g m�.
4-2-3. � � gâD3 �� >i VW� #$&� I»r rÁ S�
�� rs
�y� |� ��1 ç� '(� �� ����� #$&� �> I
»r rÁ� -¬ /023 ~�Â�, �3 /023 �è� ��[3
�"� YZ[13]1 ab2I3 7I% |� T�. Fig. 6� |� � >
i� '(% �� ����� ~� ]Õ �æ� �� 7�3 â9, �
� >i� '(% �� ����� ¦A� -¬ �.�� 7�3 ��
�� �;� |� �(2O�. Þ, �� >i�A ~a@3 Ã� >i�
|� �� ����� �±I m?F, ® (11)�F ® (9)� k� ��
�!� �� �<� (t2± ²{ �. �� �� ����� �_�
���.
�� �� ~� Au� #$&� j�� � U� �y � � �_
1�3 �� § g mE�. #$&� �> ¦A� ö?9 "è��(free
settling)� �7� »Ù� � � �_F #$&� yÇ&(supernatant)
� � 9(solid blanket)� tY� FåF± ²?F, �> ¦A� ¶
?9 × � � 9� »�D3 i�� (hindered sedimentation)�
7O�. PpF _Ú H��d �� Au� #$&� ù<r� �� y
Ç&� »�D3 �� j�DE�.
yÇ&� Ĥ3 ��>i� ���@ f_�3 #$&� I»r r
Á S� �> I»r rÁ So�3 º��3 �� ����. �1 !*2
> �� J #$& <=� �â� ��% ýi� ��[ w�� 7>
@ ��. #¤ ����� BCDI m3 #$&� I»r rÁ S3 �
�>i J� � �> #$&� I»r rÁ So� |�I �(2I
m�. Pp9 �â� ��% ýi ${m3 â� #$&� I»r rÁ
�M So� D_n ��. P�� � ýi� yÇ&� y�� <r� I
J� U� T3 yÙ@ j�%�. #$&� So� 7Ä%�9 I»r�
yÇ& {^Ô� #$&� c�m� ��Ë � ¶� ¦A� #$&�
P ýi ���@ f_�I m3 ���. � ���@ f_�3 ¦A3
�>� |� g T�. S_A � ýi� y�� � I»r rÁ S� �
��� À-DI m�I Â�� ±� g m�. �� |� 5�� #$
&� â� ��% ð� ��23 �� {��. S_A e� �>� a
b� cd �� >i� �> I»r rÁ So� ���� À-D3 ��
{�¬I Â�±� g m�. Pp�@ � � gâD3 ���[3 �
> I»r rÁ So�[ ® (6)� �� ��>i� �& Ñ� <=� »
�D3 ���� IJ� KL C1 k23 �� ��� ] � %�.
4-2-4. #$&� ¦A� ��>i� '(% �� ����� ��S·
rs
�� 5�� �29 � � m� H� �� >i VW ���� À-
D3 #$&� I»r rÁ S� �� � �A� j� m_n ��.
� ��� ~�� �29 ¦A� ö� #$&� � �A� ¦A�
¶� #$&� � �A7� ��. ��� #$&� � ~��[
A �� V�� Â�1 �E�. ���?@ 7{[3 � � ��� ö
� ¦A� #$&� ���[ J #�2¡ FåFn� �?@ w�%
�. PpF �� º� Fig. 6�[3 ö� ¦A� #$&� ���[ '
(% �� ����� � � Ía% Ã��[ '(% �� ����
� U� |� �� FåæI, ¶� ¦A� #$&�[ '(% �� �
���� y�� �¡ '(%�. � #y� �� �� �� Table
4� 90 cm3� �&� ��D3 Mi� � ¦A� �� SE�.
1 wt% #$&� � �A� ��I 2F ��� 74��9 U� 3
F�@ � � �� ��� �¡ õ± ²� g m�. P^A íi� �
� ��� õ?�@ Fig. 6�[� |� �� >i� '(% �� ��
��� Ã� >i� '(% �� íi� Õ�1 7�3 ��¬I �s
2O�. 8 wt% #$&� �� Mi� 493���@ � �A� �& z
�I 2�A � >i� ���[ � � �� ��� �2¡ õ3�. P
Â�@ ���� À-D3 #$&� I»r rÁ S3 �> #$&� I
Table 3. Filtration-permeation results with various concentrations of calcium carbonate suspension
So[-] αav.f(∆t/∆V)[×1010m/kg] αav.f(t/V)[×1010m/kg] αav.p(∆t/∆V)[×1010m/kg] Intercept(∆t/∆V)[s/m] Rm[×1010m−1]
0.01 7.48 7.23 6.16 446 12.23--0.02 8.51 7.91 6.77 195 10.976-0.03 11.1 10.2 6.17 −13.1 −0.06580.04 11.5 10.4 6.51 −449 −2.25--.0.08 13.2 11.0 5.74 1−2580 −12.9--.
Fig. 6. Average specific cake resistances by calcium carbonate suspen-sion measured with the filtration of various concentrations at0.5 atm.
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»r rÁ So7� y�� � �� %�. P Â� ® (6)� �� ~a@
3 C�� J �I, Â�S?@ ~��[� �� >i� >�> (µαav/
∆p) CA "Y� �¡ '(D_n ��. Âb � #y� '(?@ t·
% �� Table 2� m3 ¦A� *�� -. >�>� *���.
4-2-5. � � ��� �� ���� /0
�� �>� �� (ò� '(� �Ì29 ��[ 0-� #y� t
·� g m�. Þ �>� �¡ �hD3 ���[3 � � ��� N
I, �> I»r ´L So� è±o g m?�@ C�� N�. Pp�@
>�>(µαav/∆p) C� Q>� �� N� ��_n ��. PpF � >i
� �. è�, 4� èL, -�� è�� /0@ ·2� ~�S· '(
� � ��2�[14]. P Q � � ��� �� S�, P� �� C�
� /23 >i� m�. � >i �M ~�S· '(� _��. P �;
�n _Ú (A W(% �@� � �� S� � è±DI, P� -. C
� è±DË, Â�S?@ >�>(µαav/∆p) C� 7� � �?@ � è
±D3 >i� ~� Â�@ Få1�. � Â�� Fig. 5� 4 wt%, 8 wt%
� ~� Â���. �>� Â�3 ~�� FåF± ²I, �� � >�
>� è±D3 V��[<� '(� ��_��.
� P<�[3 Ý §{7> _¨�F ßà· �� ~� <r� Y�
2� yú� �F3 �� �� Table 3� ´4 FåæE�. ¦A� +K
gø �� �� N{©[, y�� (A� ;� �7± Få1�. ® (11)
� �29 � ��� (µ/∆p) Rm��. �>�[� qA� +,Õ P�I
�� Rm� �y Ó� �� �©n ��. J�� V�� +,Õ�[ h
� ~��[ ¦A� *�´� -¬ ���� qÕ@ x_ ;� �� %
�3 �� Ñý� ��� /0@3 �o g T�.
PpF � #y� �[ �� �;� æC� !*��. Þ, �>�
'(D± ²� N� >�>@ *���. P Q '(� MND3 Mq�
[3 � � ��� �� � >�>1 �±3 ßà�� �_��. �5
¡ �_� ßà� bY�2� yú� �F3 q�[ Rm� Z2�@ �
�� �Y� ;� �� �±¡ %�. �� �A� z� ¶� ¦A� #
$&� ���gø � #y� +��. �3 X ��� ~õ�23 ~�
S· *U� 2F��.
�>[ Al� g m3 � 2F� Â�� ® (11)� ~�� �� ��
?@ �� J� �� Rm� '(23 �� � � m3 ~��[3 ª
± ²�3 ���. � ��?@ �� J� ��� '(23 )*� ]
� VW BCDE?Ë, �<C q�[�A ~¨m�[10].
4-2-6. ���� ���[� ¦A� � � ��
��� sS u� 2F� � �A1 *�M�> �´��. Pp�
@ ��M¥ Q �� � M�± ²I ��23 H�3 � ï��. X
56�[3 �� Q � M¥ � �� ��M�3 H��� w���.
� ð3 � ?@ ·2� �� �y � �� ¦A� t(D_ S_A
��� ±�D3 >i�3 V�2¡ è±%�. Þ �� >i� �� �
y�K� I»r ´L S3 ��1 MN� ð� � So� U� V�� �
?@ è±%�.
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4-3. 86(9:) 56; �� �� ����� ��) *+
Fig. 2� °+® ���[3 �� C� #$&� <_ .I � ��1
MN� g m�. PpF Fig. 3� |� �+® ���[3 �� C� #
$&� .� Q ��� RI òQ23 N�� �n ��. � N�� Ï
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�3 ��� §> �� °+® �� ���[ #$&� .� Q P�@
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� P^¯1 rs29 �;� |� q� § g m�.
gi3 B � � m3 �� >i�[3 P5± ²� H�� ��
|� V��[ ∆t/∆V�� ��. Þ è�� y�� Ú��. B � �
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Q ��1 29 �� >i� ���1 �± ü��. !"� U� c¼
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� S�� D_ C� � +±�@ ��>i� >�>� � +��.
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�[ '(D3 V�[3 ��� �_A ��. Fig. 7� 4r �y�
B � � m3 H�� �� ����.
R hi3 B � � m3 H� V�� V ��[ �� �A� Ú
¨±�@ � � ��� J õ¡ %�. P Â� S� C� *�2� P^
¯� >�>� +±¡ D_ �> I»r ´L So@ �� �� ����
� k29 � � Â�1 �¡ %�. Fig. 7�[ B � � T3
H�� >�>3 9.69�104 s/m2�I 1.1r B � � M¥ H�� >
�>3 1.29�105 s/m2@ y�� ��. Âb �� ����� � (A�
]� vw��3 ����. �� ��A B � � T3 H�3
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!*� �� %�.
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Table. 4. Filtration time needed for 90 cm3 filtrate
Concentration Time(s)
1% -742% 1133% 1944% 2448% 493
Fig. 7. Filtration-permeation of 4 wt% calcium carbonate suspensionwith various pre-sedimentation time.
HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002
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Fig. 1 ~�� H� ��� MNo ð� ��> �� .� � ��
�� ¶�3 147 mm�E?Ë, ��� ��% Q� I»r <r Þ �
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3 0.044O�. �3 ���� ���[3 I»r� KL rÁ� �¡ *
�2± ²;� ����. S� 0.01· jkkl !" #$&� ��29
Sc� 0.8 (A� ���� �_±3 �� �29 y�� N� (A� I
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Q� y�� (A� +¿ �N� ghDE�3 �� ����.
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� ���. !" #$&� ���[3 ® (6)� BC2� �& <=�
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% ���� ���[ S/Sc�� w/29 C� U� �â?@ k�
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(µαav/∆p) C ��@ C�� �� +, P�I �&� qA1 �!29
�� >i� �� ��� αav, f� kDË P �� 7.99�1011m/kg��.
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� +,, P�I ��� KL� �&� qA�� �!2� � >i�
�� ����� Z� g m�. Fig. 1� Ã� >i� "Ô 8� ���
� �� Ã� �A 254 s/cm@ k� Ã� >i� �� ���� αav,p
3 8.07�1011m/kg��.
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�� Ã�>i� Ã� ®?@ '(� ����� ~� ]Õ �æ@ �
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H�� |� w/29 �� >i� �� ���� αav,f� 4.18�1011
m/kg@ ~a�� 52%@ k%�.
5. �
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� ��� � % ���� ��1 ��S, ~�S?@ rs2� �;
� �1 �E�.
(1) #$& æ� !"� �� J� RÀ� y�S· �>� �� �
� ���� y�� (A@ ��� ��Ë, � ��� Ía2> ��[
3 !"� �>7� {} N� Àe� �±3 �� J1 BC2UF
{} � Àe� �±3 �� J1 BC23 �� |eß2�.
(2) �� J� S�� à(% H��A #$&� �> ¦A� -¬
�� Au � �A� º¬��. � � �A� �� �� �����
��3 ��� rs2O?Ë, (t� �� ����� '(2> ��[
3 ��-� )*� BC� �� aW2O�.
(3) �� MN � B (>?) � � (A� �� �� �����
y�� ��� ��UF N±_3 ��>i� ~�Â�1 �± ü� g
A m;� ~�� ç2� 7O�.
(4) � % ���� ���[ (t� �� �� ���� Z2> �
� �9?@ ���� ¼41 (23 )*, ���� I»r ´L� (
t� '(�n ��3 �� �¬�.
� �
X YZ3 2000GA ·2��q [�YWHYZ®�(RRC) YZ�
@ YZDE?Ë, ±�� °Bï���.Fig. 8. Filtration of sedimented bentonite floc flocculated with cationic
flocculant.
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of
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).
����
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HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002