HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40,...

10
330 HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 : * * (2001 11 26 , 2002 3 27 ) Study on the Measurement of Average Specific Cake Resistance in Cake Filtration of Particulate Suspension and Sedimented Floc Sung Sam Yim , Yun Min Song and Se Jin Jun* Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inchon 402-751, Korea *Department of Environment and Life Science, Daewon Science College, Jechon 390-702, Korea (Received 26 November 2001; accepted 27 March 2002) . , , , , . , 52% . Abstract - The exact measurement of average specific resistance in a cake filtration is fundamental and important for the industrial operation and research. In spite of the importance, the influences of the relative size between the particles in sus- pension and pores of filter medium, the initial concentration of suspension, the velocity of sedimentation during filtration, the pre-sedimentation time before the start of filtration to the measured values of average specific cake resistance were not been studied. These phenomena have been studied experimentally and analyzed, then the methods to eliminate such effects to measure the accurate specific cake resistance are proposed. A method of measuring the exact solid content of a cake for the floc filtration is also proposed. Without this method the average specific cake resistance would be measured only 52% of the exact value. Key words: Filtration, Cake Filtration, Filtration-Permeation, Floc Filtration, Sedimentation During Cake Filtration 1. (average specific cake resistance) . . Ruth[1] 1930 . 60 . Tiller Kwon[2] . . , . . . Sperry[3] . , . . (floc) To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]

Transcript of HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40,...

Page 1: HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 : † * * (2001 11 26 , 2002 3 27 ) Study on the Measurement

HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339

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(2001 11� 26� ��, 2002 3� 27� ��)

Study on the Measurement of Average Specific Cake Resistance in Cake Filtration of Particulate Suspension and Sedimented Floc

Sung Sam Yim†, Yun Min Song and Se Jin Jun*

Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inchon 402-751, Korea*Department of Environment and Life Science, Daewon Science College, Jechon 390-702, Korea

(Received 26 November 2001; accepted 27 March 2002)

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�� � 52%f ��g0 deD -h7 <i9Q/.

Abstract − The exact measurement of average specific resistance in a cake filtration is fundamental and important for the

industrial operation and research. In spite of the importance, the influences of the relative size between the particles in sus-

pension and pores of filter medium, the initial concentration of suspension, the velocity of sedimentation during filtration, the

pre-sedimentation time before the start of filtration to the measured values of average specific cake resistance were not been

studied. These phenomena have been studied experimentally and analyzed, then the methods to eliminate such effects to measure

the accurate specific cake resistance are proposed. A method of measuring the exact solid content of a cake for the floc filtration is

also proposed. Without this method the average specific cake resistance would be measured only 52% of the exact value.

Key words: Filtration, Cake Filtration, Filtration-Permeation, Floc Filtration, Sedimentation During Cake Filtration

1. � �

��� �� ��� � ��� �� ��� �� �� �� �

���(average specific cake resistance)� �� � ��� ��. � �

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. �� �� ����� /01 '(23 4� 56� �1 7�8�.

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m3 #yf� zU29 {^� |�.

X YZ1 MN23 }a3 �� ~� �h Au vw23 � � �

���. ��� �� ��� (�D> <� Sperry[3]� �� �� ~

� u �_F3 � � �� �K� '(23 � ��� 8�3 ��

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g3 T�.

�� !"1 ��M�I � ��1 gh� H��3 ���(floc)�†To whom correspondence should be addressed.E-mail: [email protected]

330

Page 2: HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 : † * * (2001 11 26 , 2002 3 27 ) Study on the Measurement

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C ρS1 S Sc⁄–-------------------

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µ αavCV Rm+( )-------------------------------------= =

HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002

Page 3: HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 : † * * (2001 11 26 , 2002 3 27 ) Study on the Measurement

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� g m�. ].Ô� xú� �h2¡ 7�3 É� qf� »�% ��

dtdV------- µ

p∆------αavCV µ

p∆------Rm+=

tV---- µ

2 p∆---------αavCV µ

p∆------Rm+=

µ2 p∆---------αav

µp∆

------Rm

dVdt------- p∆

µ αavρS

1 S– Sc⁄-------------------V Rm+

-----------------------------------------------------=

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Page 4: HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 : † * * (2001 11 26 , 2002 3 27 ) Study on the Measurement

�� �� ���� �� � ��: �� ���� ��� ��� �� 333

�� !" T3 �� Ã�(permeation)23 �(� Få��. � ð3

��>� m� cd !", (� ���� c¼ ���@ /0� Q��

@ Ã� >i u� ���� Ó W� �(2¡ è±%�.

(4)

Pp�@ (+��� H� ® (4)�[ ∆p� �(2¡ è±DI, �&

� qAA �(2Ë, �� J� �� Rm� �(29 �&� �A dV/

dt, �3 � �� �g ∆t/∆V3 �(�n ��. Ã� >i�3 #$&�

cd !"� ���@ /02O?�@ W� �� y�� �¡ ~�2

3 �� �Ì2�. � H� aavW� �� Rm7�  � �¡ D�@ Rm

� w/� g m�. Pp�@ � ®� �� Ã�>i� �� ����

αav1 ;¡ k� g m�.

� )*� � >i� � �A�[ Z� �� ������@ �

. �9, Þ �� >i� vw23 � , (� ��� MND> � Ä

¤� g m3 B (>?) � Ç� ���[ @_A g m�3 �q�

m�.

3. ��� ��

3-1. �� ����

~��3 °+®� �+® �� ��1 c¼ BC2O�.

3-3-1. °+® ����

7ç BC23 Büchner funnel� V�� ��1 �;� ¼ <r� /

»MB[ BC2O�. �<r� �� C(filtration cell)� V� ¶��[

4� Ó� #$&� D> �� �� J� íi ù<r� �� 9S7

� E¡ D_ m�. PpF � E_±3 <r� � % !"� )��

@ �1 )±2> �� �� J� V�� �>F»� �� C� aN

2� BC2O�. �� C� ßH� 4 cm, ¶�3 16 cm@ 200 cm3�

#$&� D� g m�. Fig. 23 ~��[ BC� °+® �� ����.

��Au °+� �� {�=���(aspirator)� �� +,� £V�

)±2> �� ��>� {�=��� B�� 40 L À> �1 �

2O�. ��1 MN2> ��>� À> � B�� GH1 IPI

{�=���1 �VMB À> �� ��+,� 0.5 >+7� �&

J ö¡ ��. P Q {�=���� À> � B�� GH1 IPË

{�=���1 (±M¥�.

#$&� �� C� .I VM� ��>� À> � B�� GH1

z_ ��1 MN��. ��3 À> �� °+?@ �h%�. Pp�

@ �� Au +,� £V� T�. çyS?@ 200 cm3� ���

200 cm3� �1 gh2O?�@ ~�� 3F9 400 cm3� <=� *

�� K� %�. À> �� CL� 40,000 cm3�I �& g>� <=

� 400 cm3��@ L_1 �&?@ ·� +,Õ� °ó3 í 1%� %

�. � M� æ�[3 (+(��)� ��_±± ²3 K�F +,� £

V� !> �� � )*� BC2O�.

Ã�1 �� !" aUg3 �� C� ù <r�[ ��� 80% (A

�h% Q<� ���1 ��± ²Aø �N�O¡ P�2O�.

3-3-2. �+® ����

Fig. 3� |� �� C� òQ2� �+� g m¡ aN2O�. #$

&� .I �� ¸�1 RI òQ23 �3 1-2r� �S?F, �y V

�� �9� è±2> �� #$&� .� 2r Q� ��1 MN2O�.

��� gh� H�3 �� C y<� YÂ<�� �23 +,� K

ó1 YÂMB ��1 gh2O�. TU� f_m3 I+� Kó1 �

23 +,?@ °+M�3 °+��1 BC2� �23 +,� �fE

�. 7ç� °+��3 ��C� +,� (MB �� +,7� íi

ö� +,� D_n >J1 J À-��. �� ���[3 �� Au +

dVdt------- p∆

µ αavW Rm+( )----------------------------------=

Fig. 1. A typical experimental result of filtration-permeation of bento-nite floc flocculated with cationic flocculant at 1 atm.

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of a vacuum filtration apparatus.

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of pressure filtration apparatus.

HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002

Page 5: HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 : † * * (2001 11 26 , 2002 3 27 ) Study on the Measurement

334 ���� !"�#$%

,� ö{��� ¶{±3 �(� âV%�. Fig. 1� Ã� >i� ×

� V�� �� ∆t/∆V� '(D± ²� �� �p� +,� Õ�@ ·

� ���.

��-�1 gh� H� �1 �� !" aUg1 �� 400 mL�

W C>� ._ ��>� Kó TU B�� �2O�. ��>� ��

d C> B�� YÂj�A !" aUg1 XY �þ�. +,� !" a

Ug� f_m3 C>� À-%�. ��� �hD9[ Fi �&�Z�

!" aUg� �� C� À-� D_ "YS?@ ��-Ã�� Y�_

�h%�. � ��3 }@ ���� ���[ BC2O�. Fig. 3� �

��� �£1 FåæE�.

3-2. ���� ��

�� J3 Advantec[\�]^_`a(�X)�[ a�% Advantec

Toyo 5A, Advantec Toyo 5C, �b� Whatman No. 4, Whatman No. 5,

Whatman GF/C, P�I Micro filtration systemB� cellulose acetate¤

K� microfiltration!(MF!), polysulfone¤K� MF!, P�I Bonmac

cB� += ¢�� ¯d�� SartoriusB�[ a�� Àe ßH 8µm

��!� BC2O�. SartoriusB� af� �� � �� ���� B

C2O�.

g hi �� �y �K@3 Jin chemicalB(�b)�[ a�� jkk

l� BC2O�. � jkkl� Malvern cB� Mastersizer1 BC2

� !A rs� Â� J Z� !"� <= �� !" �>@ 0.3-50µm

B�� r³2I mE�. � M� æ�[3 _Ú µ( �>� !"� 4

� r³1 Õ±23 �� {�¬ âS?@ E¡ r³D_ m?Ë, �

� !"H� 8.54µm �E?Ë, 1µm �2� �>1 �±3 !"3 10%

(AO�.

���� �f> ��[3 bentonite !"1 #$&?@ �f_ BC

2O�. � mÊF�n volclay3 American Colloid Company af?@

"> uL� 12-15Í� �� og2� Coulter counter� �� 19.3µm

7� � �� 33.4%, 12.1 7� � �� 52.9%, 7.63 7� � �� 72.3%,

4.81 7� � �� 85.3%@ Fåp�.

��a@3 �` ��a Cyanamid Superfolc(Superfloc) C 581�

BC2O�. r"L� 105-106 g/mol@ Ir" ��a@3 r"L� N

� ���.

4. � ��

4-1. ! ���� "�� #�$% &'( �� �� ����

��) *+

�� �� ����� �� J� �� ��� õ3 (A1 §> �

� 8 � � �� J� 1 wt%� jkkl #$&� 0.5 >+� °+?

@ ��-Ã�M�3 ~�� gh2� Fig. 4� ~� Â�1 FåæE�.

�� �� J� !" aUg1 Ã�MB '(� Ã� �A, �� 

J� ÀiÁ� ¼41 BC2� k� �� J� �� Àe ßH�

Table 1� aM2O�. BC� �� J u �� � Àe� �� ��

BonmacB� += ¢�@ ßH� 4.2µmOI, Whatman No. 4, Toyo

5A, Whatman GF/C� ý[@ �>� N¡ Fåp�. Whatman GF/C3

2.2µm� ßH� �±I m3 �?@ '(DE�. P �;?@3 Whatman

No. 5� 1.2µm, Toyo 5C� 0.95µm@ U� V�� ßH� �±I m

E�. �q1 �� ~�� microfiltration� BC23 polysulfone ¤K

� !� 0.51µm, cellulose acetate¤K� !� 0.43µm� ßH�E�.

Fig. 4� cd ~�� �>� *�23 ßà <r� �� >i�I, Q

>� U� �(� ∆t/∆V�� �±3 <r� !" aUg� Ã� >i

��. ��-Ã� ~� Â��[ Whatman No. 5� Toyo 5C�� × �

�. H�� 7�I, Fr± 6�3 U� V�� Â�1 7O�.

�� Àe ßH� y�S?@ � �� J� N� �� J� ~�

Â�� c¼ {^Ô� U� |� <r� ³´D_ m�. µ� Àe� �

� ßH� 4.2µm· +=¢�� 0.43µm· MF!� ��-Ã� ~� Â

�� U� V�2¡ F` �� }s��� Â���. ��� çS·

��� �� ��� <û23 �?@, �� J1 Z�23 Àe� �

>� �� �� ��� �� ��� ��± ²3�3 �� *�� }I

m�. � ~��[ �� J3 ѱ ���1 õ }3 ��� 2I m

?Ë, ��3 ����[ �_1�3 � �� !*DE�I w���.

�J@ �� >i� �� �����, � >i� �� ����� �

¡ Õ�� F± ²3�.

PpF �� Àe ßH� �� 1.2µm� 0.95µm@ '(% Whatman

No. 5� Toyo 5C� ��-� ~��[3 �� >i� >�>� ��

�� ����� � �� ��, Ã� >i�A ∆t/∆V� �� �Ñ� �

Ë �&t�F¸ � yu2O�. � P^¯ xú� 7 cm� ��23

90 cm3� ��� ¢£� Mi� çyS· �� Â�1 Fåæ3 Toyo

5A� H��3 1r 50�O?F, µ�� Â�1 Fåæ3 Whatman No.

5� H�3 4r 23�@ 2.4� Mi� �S�.

� ¼ � � �±�[ �_1 #y� �;� |� rs2O�. � #

$&� Ĥ23 �±� Àe �>� �v� !"f� :;<� �±

� !�> MN� �� � ¼ �±� ��-Ã� �A1 Ú�¡ 2O�

I w���. Àe� �>� J � += ¢�� |� �� J�[3 N

� !"� Àe?@ �©F�9[ ���� »�� D_ �� J� !

w #y� U� TE�I �s2O�. �� Àe� �>� {} N�

MF !�[3 BC� #$& æ� !"� J +[ N� Àe� !w #

y� TE�I xÑ2O�.

�y� rs� �û29 N� Àe� �� �� J1 BCy� H�

��� z_±3 �� {�Ë, � Àe� �� �� J1 BCy� H

� ��� J {¬±3 �A {��. }��n � q� #$& æ� �

� J1 !� g m3 �>� !"� 4� Ĥ�[3 W %�3 ��

�. Pp�@ #��[ ��1 gh� �� J@ �� ~�~�[ �

� ~�� gh2� Sû�� xÑ23 �� |eß2�. ��[ gh

� ~��[3 ~� �(� _Ú (A� � � gâD> ð6� ~�

Fig. 4. Filtration-permeation of 1 wt% calcium carbonate suspensionwith various filter medium at 0.5 atm.

Table 1. Average pore diameters of various filter medium

Filter medium Pore diameter(µm)

Coffee filter(bonmac) 4.2Whatman No. 4 3.6Toyo 5A 2.8Whatman GF/C 2.2Whatman No. 5 1.2Toyo 5C 10.95Microfiltration membrane(PS) 10.51Microfiltration membrane(CA) 10.43

���� �40� �3� 2002� 6�

Page 6: HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 : † * * (2001 11 26 , 2002 3 27 ) Study on the Measurement

�� �� ���� �� � ��: �� ���� ��� ��� �� 335

�[ '(% �� ����� g�S?@ "R� ÉÊ2± ²þ�.

���� �� N� !"f� ��D_ m?�@ ���� �>3 �

� J� Àe� �>7�3  � � H�� �<r��. Pp�@ �

��� �>� �� J� Àe� �>� �Á� -¬ �� �� ��

��� � ��� õ±3 ²3�. PpF ��a� Ó� <}2� ��

D± ²� N� !"� Ĥ23 H�, �� |� �� J� � � -

¬[3 ���A�  � Ú¨K g m�. �� ��� BC23 ��a

� r"L� � H� &J �� ${ m3 #� ��a� �� J�

�¨ �� �A�  � Ú¨K g m�. �� H�� �2�3 ~ <r

�[ rs� ���.

4-2. ,-.� /' 01( �� �� ��� � ��) *+:

�� 234 5671� *+

��1 MN� ð� IJ� KL ¦A� 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%,

8 wt%, 15 wt%· #$&� �� ��-Ã� ~�� gh2O�. ~��

cd Â�1 P<� Fåæ>3 _¨��@ �ÖS· Æ �� ~� Â

�1 Fig. 5� FåæE�. P<� »Ù3 c¼ »S· ��-Ã� ~

� Â�O�. � P<?@ 79 ¶� ¦A� ~� Â��[3 ��� Ã

�>i� Zr� tY� ��_±F, ö� ¦A· 1 wt% #$&� ~

� Â��[3 �� >i� Ã� >i� Zr� W %�. PpF yú�

t�29 1 wt% #$&� ~� Â�A �>� 8 wt% #$&� ~� Â

�� |� ��2¡ ��� Ã� >i� Zr%�.

4-2-1. ��>i� C �� ßà� >�> rs

�� ~� Â�1 rs2> �2� �� ® (6)� �� � ¦A� �

� �& Ñ� <=� »�D3 ���� IJ� KL C �� Z2O�.

P�I ~�� �� >i� ��23 ���� ßà ®� >�>1 Z

2O�. � �f� Table 2� FåæE�(� ¼ �± �� �&� qA, �

� +,?@ ® (8)� BC2� �� �� ����� k� g m�).

Fig. 5�[3 ~� Â�1 V� ∆t/∆V� ��[� FåæE?F,

Table 2�3 ~� Â�1 V� t/V� P^¯@A (�2� Z� ��>

i� >�>A aM2O�. �>�[ So3 ��� MND3 ýi� #

$&� I»r KL rÁ��. #¤7± cd YZ"f� � �>� So

� J ��>i� � è±%�I w�2I, ��>i VW� C �

� ® (6)� �� � So@<� k2O�.

Table 2� ö� ¦A�[3 C� �� #$& æ� �> I»r KL

rÁ So� U� |?F, ¶� ¦A�[3 y�� Õ�� FI m�. �

�� ® (6)� �� Â�@[ ¶� ¦A, µ� � �� ��� |� ¶

� ¦A� ���[3 µ� C�� }��n � �?@ w�%�. C1

Fåæ3 x�[ �� �� �� ~�� �� ö� ¦A· 1 wt%� C

�· 10.1 kg/m3� >8?@ 2� �. ¦A� C �� ��� Æ Í·

�1 Få� ���. �> ¦A 8 wt%3 1 wt%� �� �> ¦A@3

8Í�±� C �?@3 8.8Í��.

~� Â�� SCM�> �� ® (8)� dt/dV1 ∆t/∆V@ �J29 {

^� ®� %�.

(11)

�� >i� × � �yS(���)· ��� h���9 Table 2�

>�>� � ®� -¬n ��. Þ ® (11)�[ (µαav/∆p)C� �� >�

>� %�. �p ¦A� ~��[, �� �� qA, �� ����, +,

� V�2�@ >�>3 ѱ C�� �á�n ��. Table 2� R hi

z� ~�� ∆t/∆V��[ Z� >�>1 FåæE�. �� � z� �

� �� So� 0.01� >�>� �� � ¦A�[� >�>� Æ Í·�

1 ÖM2� �þ�. ® (11)� -­3 �yS· ���[3 C1 Få

æ3 z� �� æ� �"� R hi x� ��æ� �"� ���n

��. PpF ~��[3 ¶� ¦A�[� ~��gø ¼ hi z� R

hi z� �� æ� �"� Õ�� J N�©[ So�� 0.08· H��

3 ¼ hi z� �� 8.8, R hi z� �� 15.6?@ ��7� 77%

J � >�>1 FåæE�. ��3 >�>� C� P�I qA� +,

?@ �� ����� k2�@ �S?@ �� ����� ��Z

J � �?@ '(%�.

�� �q1 �� Sr� �� ��% ® (9)� �M S3�.

(9)

� )*� �� ~��[ '(% >�>3 (µαav/2∆p)C� %�. � �

A �M C�� ��n ��. Table 2� 4hi z� '(% >�>1

SI, �� �� V�� >8?@ k� �� SE�. �� æ� �f

� =Ô x� �� V�2±3 ²?F y�� �v2Ë, C1 Fåæ3

x�3 y�� �­�.

Âb �� �q3 ¦A� -. >�>� ® (11) �3 (9)� (t2

¡ ��2±3 ²3�3 �� 7�8�. ��� rs23 )�� ¼ �

±� m�. P 2F3 ¦A� �� #$&�gø ��� ~�� Õ�

� � �?@ 7{ >�>� Õ�� ¦A� ���¬I �( � g m

�. �3 ¦A� *�´� -¬ �� ����� *���3 �(� �

g m�.

® (11)� �29 V� ∆t/∆V� P^¯� �� >i� >�>3 (µαav/

∆p) C�I, ® (9)� �29 V� t/V� P^¯� >�>3 (µαav/2∆p)

C?@ ~�� (t� H� � >�>� �Á� 2�_n ��. Table 2

� � ~�� �� >�>� Õ�1 S_ �þ�. ö� ¦A· So� 0.01

�[3 � �Á� 2.07@ U� ��� �7�F, ¶� ¦A· So� 0.08

�[3 2.407± *���. ��� �� ®� Ý ��2± ²¡ 23 £

·� #$&� �> I»r KL rÁ So� m�3 �� ����.

4-2-2. '(% �� ����

�� >�>�[ Z� �� >i� ¼ �± �� �����, ® (4)

� �� Ã� >i� �� ����, P�I ® (11)� �� �� J�

��� Table 3� FåæE�.

�>[ αav.f(∆t/∆V)3 V� ∆t/∆V� P^¯� �� >i� >�>�

[ �� �� �� �����I, αav.f(t/V)3 V� t/V�[ �� ���.

∆t∆V-------- µ

p∆------αavCV µ

p∆------Rm+=

tV---- µ

2 p∆---------αavCV µ

p∆------Rm+=

Table 2. The values of C based on So and the slopes during filtration

So[−]C by So

[kg/m3]Slope(∆t/∆V)[×104 s/m2]

Slope(t/V)[×104 s/m2]

Slope(∆t/∆V)slope(t/V)

0.01 10.1(1.0) 1.51(1.0) 0.73(1.0) 2.070.02 20.5(2.0) 3.49(2.3) 1.62(2.2) 2.150.03 31.2(3.1) 6.92(4.6) 3.19(4.4) 2.170.04 42.1(4.2) 9.69(6.4) 4.37(6.0) 2.220.08 88.9(8.8) 23.5(15.6)1 19.80(13.4) 2.40

Fig. 5. Filtration-permeation of 1, 4, 8 wt% calcium carbonate suspen-sion at 0.5 atm.

HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002

Page 7: HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 : † * * (2001 11 26 , 2002 3 27 ) Study on the Measurement

336 ���� !"�#$%

�� αav.p(∆t/∆V)3 V� ∆t/∆V� P^¯�[ Ã� >i� Ã� �A�

® (4)1 BC2� k� �� ������.

#¤ çCD3 ��� �29 �� ����� ¦A� ��� õ±

²?�@, � Ö� cd �� ����� V�2¡ '(D_n ��. P

pF αav.f (∆t/∆V)3 �> #$&� I»r rÁ� *�� -¬ 7.48�

1010m/kg�[ 13.2�1010m/kg@ 76%F *�2OI, αav.f(t/V)3 ��

7�3 N� (A�F �M I»r rÁ� *�� -¬ y�� (A�

�� ����� *�1 7O�. � �3 � >�>�[ �'� g

m3 B�?@ |� �K�¬A ¦A� �­9 ��� �� #¤� r

s)*?@ �� ���� '(� H� ¦A1 �>�n ´� 7�8

�. � æC� J �t� 2> �� Fig. 6� P<?@ cd �� ��

��� FåæE�.

Fig. 6� �29 ��>i� '(% �� ���f�3 º�, Ã� >

i� '(% αav.p�� _Ú (A� �Õ1 7�>3 2F �p ¦A�

#$&� �� U� �v� ���@ �> I»r rÁ So� ��� õ

± ²3�I xÑ2O�. Þ, Ã� >i� '(� �� ����(average

specific cake resistance)� �� »�% ����[ '(2O?�@ P

� �(, Þ ¦A� �� º¬±3 � �A� ��� õ± ²3�

I Â�� æS�. � ~� Â�3 �U g� Gi çCD_` ��, Þ

�� �� ����� #$&� ¦A� -¬ /02± ²3�3 �

� ����.

Pp�@ ¦A� ��� õ� �Ì�� m3 �K� �� �����

'(�3 ��-� )*� J �� g m3 �� ��� m�. �

� Ã� >i� /2± ²3 è�� '(23 ���@ ��>i� (

t� >�>1 '(23 �7� i� g m�.

4-2-3. � � gâD3 �� >i VW� #$&� I»r rÁ S�

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���.

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b� cd �� >i� �> I»r rÁ So� ���� À-D3 ��

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> I»r rÁ So�[ ® (6)� �� ��>i� �& Ñ� <=� »

�D3 ���� IJ� KL C1 k23 �� ��� ] � %�.

4-2-4. #$&� ¦A� ��>i� '(% �� ����� ��S·

rs

�� 5�� �29 � � m� H� �� >i VW ���� À-

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�. PpF �� º� Fig. 6�[3 ö� ¦A� #$&� ���[ '

(% �� ����� � � Ía% Ã��[ '(% �� ����

� U� |� �� FåæI, ¶� ¦A� #$&�[ '(% �� �

���� y�� �­¡ '(%�. � #y� �� �� �� Table

4� 90 cm3� �&� ��D3 Mi� � ¦A� �� SE�.

1 wt% #$&� � �A� �­�I 2F ��� 74��9 U� 3

F�@ � � �� ��� �¡ õ± ²� g m�. P^A íi� �

� ��� õ?�@ Fig. 6�[� |� �� >i� '(% �� ��

��� Ã� >i� '(% �� íi� Õ�1 7�3 ��¬I �s

2O�. 8 wt% #$&� �� Mi� 493���@ � �A� �& z

�I 2�A � >i� ���[ � � �� ��� �2¡ õ3�. P

Â�@ ���� À-D3 #$&� I»r rÁ S3 �> #$&� I

Table 3. Filtration-permeation results with various concentrations of calcium carbonate suspension

So[-] αav.f(∆t/∆V)[×1010m/kg] αav.f(t/V)[×1010m/kg] αav.p(∆t/∆V)[×1010m/kg] Intercept(∆t/∆V)[s/m] Rm[×1010m−1]

0.01 7.48 7.23 6.16 446 12.23--0.02 8.51 7.91 6.77 195 10.976-0.03 11.1 10.2 6.17 −13.1 −0.06580.04 11.5 10.4 6.51 −449 −2.25--.0.08 13.2 11.0 5.74 1−2580 −12.9--.

Fig. 6. Average specific cake resistances by calcium carbonate suspen-sion measured with the filtration of various concentrations at0.5 atm.

���� �40� �3� 2002� 6�

Page 8: HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 : † * * (2001 11 26 , 2002 3 27 ) Study on the Measurement

�� �� ���� �� � ��: �� ���� ��� ��� �� 337

»r rÁ So7� y�� � �� %�. P Â� ® (6)� �� ~a@

3 C�� J �I, Â�S?@ ~��[� �� >i� >�> (µαav/

∆p) CA "Y� �¡ '(D_n ��. Âb � #y� '(?@ t·

% �� Table 2� m3 ¦A� *�� -. >�>� *���.

4-2-5. � � ��� �� ���� /0

�� �>� �� (ò� '(� �Ì29 ��[ 0-� #y� t

·� g m�. Þ �>� �­¡ �hD3 ���[3 � � ��� N

I, �> I»r ´L So� è±o g m?�@ C�� N�. Pp�@

>�>(µαav/∆p) C� Q>� �� N� ��_n ��. PpF � >i

� �. è�, 4� èL, -�� è�� /0@ ·2� ~�S· '(

�  � ��2�[14]. P Q � � ��� �� S�, P� �� C�

� /23 >i� m�. � >i �M ~�S· '(� _��. P �;

�n _Ú (A W(% �@� � �� S� � è±DI, P� -. C

� è±DË, Â�S?@ >�>(µαav/∆p) C� 7� � �?@ � è

±D3 >i� ~� Â�@ Få1�. � Â�� Fig. 5� 4 wt%, 8 wt%

� ~� Â���. �>� Â�3 ~�� FåF± ²I, �� � >�

>� è±D3 V��[<� '(� ��_��.

� P<�[3 Ý §{7> _¨�F ßà· �� ~� <r� Y�

2� yú� �F3 �� �� Table 3� ´4 FåæE�. ¦A� +K

gø �� �� N{©[, y�� (A� ;� �7± Få1�. ® (11)

� �29 � ��� (µ/∆p) Rm��. �>�[� qA� +,Õ P�I

�� Rm� �y Ó� �� �©n ��. J�� V�� +,Õ�[ h

� ~��[ ¦A� *�´� -¬ ���� qÕ@ x_ ;� �� %

�3 �� Ñý� ��� /0@3 �o g T�.

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'(D± ²� N� >�>@ *���. P Q '(� MND3 Mq�

[3 � � ��� �� � >�>1 �±3 ßà�� �_��. �5

¡ �_� ßà� bY�2� yú� �F3 q�[ Rm� Z2�@ �

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S· *U� 2F��.

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� VW BCDE?Ë, �<C q�[�A ~¨m�[10].

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@ ��M¥ Q �� � M�± ²I ��23 H�3  � ï��. X

56�[3 �� Q � M¥ � �� ��M�3 H��� w���.

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m3 H�3 B � � �� )· � �� �� ��%�. � ��

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B � � m3 H�� �� ����.

R hi3 B � � m3 H� V�� V ��[ �� �A� Ú

¨±�@ � � ��� J õ¡ %�. P Â� S� C� *�2� P^

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H�� >�>3 9.69�104 s/m2�I 1.1r B � � M¥ H�� >

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]� vw��3 ����. �� ��A B � � T3 H�3

−4.49 s/m�Ë, 1.1r B � � M¥ H�3 −6.26 s/m@ J +��.

� Â�f� �[ aW� � � ¡�1 V�� ¦A�[ ~�?@

!*� �� %�.

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Table. 4. Filtration time needed for 90 cm3 filtrate

Concentration Time(s)

1% -742% 1133% 1944% 2448% 493

Fig. 7. Filtration-permeation of 4 wt% calcium carbonate suspensionwith various pre-sedimentation time.

HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002

Page 9: HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 : † * * (2001 11 26 , 2002 3 27 ) Study on the Measurement

338 ���� !"�#$%

� � U¢ � �� ��23 ���@ �1 �M B � MB ~

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1 BC2� ��M¥ Q, � � �� Ç� I&r� �N� gh��.

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� �� ��� Â�1 FåæE�. � �� ��� �� qÕ@ ��

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ç� YÂ2I, � ç� !" aUg� +,� �� ��� Ã�1 g

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Fig. 1��. Þ !" aUg1 Y�S?@ �� C� �� }_[ ��

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1 ç�M�3 Ã�(permeation) >i� Ã� �A� � �(2¡ è

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�� ¶�3 147 mm�E?Ë, ��� ��% Q� I»r <r Þ �

��� ¼43 70 mmO�. � ��� ¼43 �Q� �S· Ã��

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��� I»r KL rÁ S3 0.021�I, ���� I»r KL rÁ Sc

3 0.044O�. �3 ���� ���[3 I»r� KL rÁ� �¡ *

�2± ²;� ����. S� 0.01· jkkl !" #$&� ��29

Sc� 0.8 (A� ���� �_±3 �� �29 y�� N� (A� I

&r�� ��_±3 ���. Pp�@ çyS· ¢� ¯��F «n

¯��� �� � ���� I&r��[ �_±3 ¶� Sc3 ��

Q� y�� (A� +¿ �N� ghDE�3 �� ����.

� % ���� ��� #¤ ~�� H� ���[ �_±3 S/Sc�

� 0.48@ 1 wt% jkkl #$& ��� H�� 0.013� �29  �

� ���. !" #$&� ���[3 ® (6)� BC2� �& <=�

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y�� N� ���@ çyS?@ w/23 H�� 4�. PpF � �

% ���� ���[ S/Sc�� w/29 C� U� �â?@ k�

DË, P Â� �� �� ����� U� ¼ Í  �¡ k%�.

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(µαav/∆p) C ��@ C�� �� +, P�I �&� qA1 �!29

�� >i� �� ��� αav, f� kDË P �� 7.99�1011m/kg��.

Ã� >i�3 �� C� }_� !"� c¼ ���@ /02O�I

w�� g m�. Pp�@ ® (4)� '(% �&� Ã� �A dV/dt, �

� +,, P�I ��� KL� �&� qA�� �!2� � >i�

�� ����� Z� g m�. Fig. 1� Ã� >i� "Ô 8� ���

� �� Ã� �A 254 s/cm@ k� Ã� >i� �� ���� αav,p

3 8.07�1011m/kg��.

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�� Ã�>i� Ã� ®?@ '(� ����� ~� ]Õ �æ@ �

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H�� |� w/29 �� >i� �� ���� αav,f� 4.18�1011

m/kg@ ~a�� 52%@ k%�.

5. �

��� ���[ (t� �� �� ����� '(2> �� #$&

� ��� � % ���� ��1 ��S, ~�S?@ rs2� �;

� �1 �E�.

(1) #$& æ� !"� �� J� RÀ� y�S· �>� �� �

� ���� y�� (A@ ��� ��Ë, � ��� Ía2> ��[

3 !"� �>7� {} N� Àe� �±3 �� J1 BC2UF

{} � Àe� �±3 �� J1 BC23 �� |eß2�.

(2) �� J� S�� à(% H��A #$&� �> ¦A� -¬

�� Au � �A� º¬��. � � �A� �� �� �����

��3 ��� rs2O?Ë, (t� �� ����� '(2> ��[

3 ��-� )*� BC� �� aW2O�.

(3) �� MN � B (>?) � � (A� �� �� �����

y�� ��� ��UF N±_3 ��>i� ~�Â�1 �± ü� g

A m;� ~�� ç2� 7O�.

(4) � % ���� ���[ (t� �� �� ���� Z2> �

� �9?@ ���� ¼41 (23 )*, ���� I»r ´L� (

t� '(�n ��3 �� �¬�.

� �

X YZ3 2000GA ·2��q [�YW­HYZ®�(RRC) YZ�

@ YZDE?Ë, ±�� °Bï���.Fig. 8. Filtration of sedimented bentonite floc flocculated with cationic

flocculant.

���� �40� �3� 2002� 6�

Page 10: HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 · 2001-06-23 · HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002, pp. 330-339 : † * * (2001 11 26 , 2002 3 27 ) Study on the Measurement

�� �� ���� �� � ��: �� ���� ��� ��� �� 339

of

rea

).

����

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tration Congress, Nice, France, 80(1990).

8. D’Arcy, H. P. G.: “Les Fontaines Publiques de la Ville de Dijon,”

Victor Delmont, Paris(1856).

9. Carman, P. C.: Transactions.-Institution of Chemical Engineers, 168

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HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 2002