Learning How do we learn?. What is Classical conditioning? Ivan Pavlov (Respondent Behavior)
Human Behavior And The Social Environment506/PDFs/SOWK+506...Human Behavior And The Social...
Transcript of Human Behavior And The Social Environment506/PDFs/SOWK+506...Human Behavior And The Social...
Classical Conditioning• IvanPavlov• RussianPhysiologist•NobelLaureate• ClassicalConditioning(RespondentConditioning)
Definitions in Classical Conditioning• Unconditionedstimulus(UCS):Thestimulusthatprovokestheresponsetooccurnaturally.
• Unconditionedresponse(UCR):Areactionwhichoccursnaturally.
• Conditionedstimulus(CS):Involvesaneutralstimulusthatdoesnotresultinanovertbehavioralresponse.
• Conditionedresponse(CR):Aresponsetotherepeatedlypairedconditionedstimulus(CS)withtheunconditionedresponse(UCR).
• Note:Theconditionalresponse(CR)isthesameastheunconditionedresponse(UCR).Theonlydifferenceisthattheconditionedresponseisevokedbyadifferentstimulus.
Classical Conditioning• Foodisanunconditionedstimulus(UCS).Salivationisanunlearnedorunconditionedresponse(UCR) tofood.
•Afterthebellandfoodwerepairedseveraltimes,Pavlovsoundedthebellandwithheldthefood.
• Pavlovobservedthatthedogsnowsalivatedtothesoundofthebellalone.
• Theirbehaviorhadbeenconditioned
Basic Principles• Stimulus-Response• Acquisition—pairingtheconditionedresponse
• Establishandstrengthenpairing• Stimulusmustbenoticeable• Stimulusmustbetimely
• Extinction-occurswhenpairingofstimulusandresponsestops• SpontaneousRecoveryoccurswhenbehaviorpreviouslythoughtextinctreappears
• StimulusGeneralization-similarstimuliinvokeresponses• Discriminationiswhenastimulimustbediscretetoinvokeresponses
John Watson’s Theory of Behaviorism
•Developmentdoesnotoccurinsequentialstages•Developmentisacontinuousprocessofacquiringnewandmoresophisticatedbehavioralpatternsorhabits
•Onlyhumanreflexessuchasbreathing,sucking,kicking,graspingandhead-turningareinborn.
•Allimportantbehavioraltendencies,e.g.,traits,talents,valuesandaspirations,arelearned
How does Classical Conditioning Explain Human Behavior?
•Anxiety/PTSD• Phobias
• Flooding• SystematicDesensitization
• SubstanceAbuseTreatment• LearningEnvironments
Advertising•Associatingpositiveimageswithaproduct
• Celebritiessellingproducts• Familiesenjoyingmeals• Popularmusicplayingwithproducts
Substance Abuse• RecognizingTriggers• Beingwithcertainfriends•Watchingsports•Goingouttoeat•Usingsubstancesasstressresponses