How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in...

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How Genes Work 14.1 Translation

Transcript of How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in...

Page 1: How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA

How Genes Work

14.1 Translation

Page 2: How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA

What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players

tRNA Anticodon

mRNA Ribosomes

Page 3: How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA

What does the ribosome do? Two parts to ribosome

60S, 40S subunits (eukaryotes) 50S, 30S subunits (prokaryotes)

Polyribosomes

Page 4: How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA

What are the three steps of translation? Initiation Elongation Termination

Page 5: How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA

What happens in initiation? Small subunit attaches at start codon First tRNA arrives at P site Large subunit attaches

Page 6: How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA

What happens in elongation? Second tRNA arrives at A site P site tRNA transfers amino acids to A site Ribosome shifts to open A site

“old” tRNA released at E site

Page 7: How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA

What happens in termination? Ribosome reaches

stop codon Release factor

attaches Subunits detach

Page 8: How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA

How Genes Work

14.2 Mutations

Page 9: How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA

What is a mutation? Permanent change in DNA

sequence Can cause cancer

Carcinogenesis Carcinogens vs. mutagens

Two types of mutations Point Frameshift

Page 10: How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA

What is a point mutation? Substitution of wrong nucleotide

Page 11: How Genes Work 14.1 Translation. What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA

What is a frameshift mutation? Original:

THE BIG FLY HAD ONE RED EYE. Point mutation:

THE BIT FLY HAD ONE RED EYE. Frame shift mutation: Addition:

THE BIT GFL YHA DON ERE DEY E. Deletion:

THE BIF LYH ADO NER EDE YE. Which is more dangerous?


Web view11. If the DNA sequence is --- AAA TAT CCG TAG CAA ATG, write the mRNA sequence, tRNA anticodon sequence, and the six amino acids for this

Web view11. If the DNA sequence is --- AAA TAT CCG TAG CAA ATG, write the mRNA sequence, tRNA anticodon sequence, and the six amino acids for this

Class I and II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase tRNA groove … · Class I and II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase tRNA groove discrimination created the first synthetase•tRNA cognate pairs and

Class I and II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase tRNA groove … · Class I and II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase tRNA groove discrimination created the first synthetase•tRNA cognate pairs and

A QUICK INTRODUCTION Protein Synthesis. Key Terms Gene RNA mRNA tRNA rRNA Transcription Translation Codon Anticodon Ribosome Denature RNA Polymerase.

A QUICK INTRODUCTION Protein Synthesis. Key Terms Gene RNA mRNA tRNA rRNA Transcription Translation Codon Anticodon Ribosome Denature RNA Polymerase.

Section Q – Protein synthesis. Q1 Aspects of protein synthesis Codon-anticodon interaction, Wobble, Ribosome binding site, Polysomes, Initiator tRNACodon-anticodon.

Section Q – Protein synthesis. Q1 Aspects of protein synthesis Codon-anticodon interaction, Wobble, Ribosome binding site, Polysomes, Initiator tRNACodon-anticodon.

From elongator tRNA to initiator tRNA

From elongator tRNA to initiator tRNA

Unit 6 PPT #2...amino acid to the ribosome 3. The tRNA anticodon is complimentary to the mRNA codon 4. Amino acids are strung together like beads on a necklace 5. Amino Acids are held

Unit 6 PPT #2...amino acid to the ribosome 3. The tRNA anticodon is complimentary to the mRNA codon 4. Amino acids are strung together like beads on a necklace 5. Amino Acids are held

Section O Molecular Biology Course Section P THE GENETIC CODE AND tRNA: introduction to translation.

Section O Molecular Biology Course Section P THE GENETIC CODE AND tRNA: introduction to translation.

PAP Biology Warm up Discuss at your table what protein synthesis is.using the terms: transcription, translation, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, codon, anticodon and.

PAP Biology Warm up Discuss at your table what protein synthesis is.using the terms: transcription, translation, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, codon, anticodon and.

DNA & PROTEIN SNTHESIS (Words to Know) 1. Transfer RNA 2. Peptide Bond 3. Dipeptide Bond 4. ATP 5. Translation 6. Anticodon 7. Transcription 8. Messenger.

DNA & PROTEIN SNTHESIS (Words to Know) 1. Transfer RNA 2. Peptide Bond 3. Dipeptide Bond 4. ATP 5. Translation 6. Anticodon 7. Transcription 8. Messenger.

Translation. tRNA acceptor site of amino acid tyrosine Anticodon arm Anticodon: recognizes the codon of the mRNA. The recognition is facilitated by complementing.

Translation. tRNA acceptor site of amino acid tyrosine Anticodon arm Anticodon: recognizes the codon of the mRNA. The recognition is facilitated by complementing.

ANTICODON CODON tRNA mRNA AMINO ACID Everything in you is made of or by proteins! Protein Examples Hemoglobin is a protein in your blood that transports.

ANTICODON CODON tRNA mRNA AMINO ACID Everything in you is made of or by proteins! Protein Examples Hemoglobin is a protein in your blood that transports.

Translation - Állatorvostudományi Egyetem lessons 27-28... · Initiation of translation in prokaryotes 1. Small ribosomal subunit + IF-1 and IF-3 2. + IF-2-GTP + tRNA ini + mRNA

Translation - Állatorvostudományi Egyetem lessons 27-28... · Initiation of translation in prokaryotes 1. Small ribosomal subunit + IF-1 and IF-3 2. + IF-2-GTP + tRNA ini + mRNA

6. Translation...Initiation of Translation in Prokaryotes: Mechanism 5. Base pairing between the start AUG and the anticodion of the initiator tRNA induces a conformational change

6. Translation...Initiation of Translation in Prokaryotes: Mechanism 5. Base pairing between the start AUG and the anticodion of the initiator tRNA induces a conformational change

Ch14 Translation Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Attachment of amino acids to tRNA The ribosome Initiation of translation Translation elongation Termination.

Ch14 Translation Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Attachment of amino acids to tRNA The ribosome Initiation of translation Translation elongation Termination.

Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon.

Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon.

Translation · 2018-09-10 · Translation tRNA • The process of assembling a protein from the genetic information on an mRNA molecule “cooking from a recipe” “building from

Translation · 2018-09-10 · Translation tRNA • The process of assembling a protein from the genetic information on an mRNA molecule “cooking from a recipe” “building from

RNA and Protein Synthesis · Web viewamino acid, anticodon, codon, gene, messenger RNA, nucleotide, ribosome, RNA, RNA polymerase, transcription, transfer RNA, translation Prior Knowledge

RNA and Protein Synthesis · Web viewamino acid, anticodon, codon, gene, messenger RNA, nucleotide, ribosome, RNA, RNA polymerase, transcription, transfer RNA, translation Prior Knowledge

1997 Expression of a coronavirus ribosomal frameshift signal in Escherichia coli_ influence of tRNA anticodon modificati

1997 Expression of a coronavirus ribosomal frameshift signal in Escherichia coli_ influence of tRNA anticodon modificati

Vocabulary Key Terms DNA DNA replication Codon Intron Exon Translation Central Dogma Transcription RNA mRNA tRNA Anticodon Genes Nucleotide Nitrogen base.

Vocabulary Key Terms DNA DNA replication Codon Intron Exon Translation Central Dogma Transcription RNA mRNA tRNA Anticodon Genes Nucleotide Nitrogen base.

Protein Synthesis. Transcription DNA mRNA Occurs in the nucleus Translation mRNA tRNA AA Occurs at the ribosome.

Protein Synthesis. Transcription DNA mRNA Occurs in the nucleus Translation mRNA tRNA AA Occurs at the ribosome.