Hero Vinoth Minor vs Seshammal - AIR 2006 SC 2234

8/13/2019 Hero Vinoth Minor vs Seshammal - AIR 2006 SC 2234

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Equivalent Citation:AIR2006SC2234, 2006(4)ALD28(SC), 2006(4)AWC3299(SC),(SCSuppl)2006(3)CHN165, 102(2006)CLT393(SC), 2006(4)CTC79, JT2006(5)SC436,

(2006)3MLJ121(SC), 2007MPLJ17(SC), 2006(5)SCAL477, (2006)5SCC545

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

Civil Appeal No. 4715 of 2000

Decided On: 08.05.2006

Appellants: Hero Vinoth (minor)Vs.

Respondent: Seshammal

Hon!le "#$%es& Ariit !asa"atand R.#. Raveendran$ %%.

Co#nsels&

&or Appellant'!etitioner'!laintiff: (.(. )ani$ (.*. +andeep$ )a",r R. +-a- and R.(.!ande"$ Advs

&or Respondents'Defendant: #. !ra-a/ar$ As-o/ (. +ad-, (-an$ Raee !rasadandRevat-" Ra-van$ Advs.

A'tsR#lesOr$ers&

Civil !roced,re Code C!C3$ 108 +ections 100 and 10 Civil !roced,re Code C!C3Aendent3 Act$ 17 +ection 100 ndian 9aseent Act$ 1882 +ections 1 and41 Constit,tion of ndia Article 113

Cases Reerre$&

C-andra *-an v. !aa *ai and Anr. )AN'+C'248'2000 +a/-a-ari !ar;atrao(ara-ale and Anr. v. *-ias-an/ar !ar;atrao (ara-ale )AN'+C'248'2000aBari v. !,r,s-otta i;arideceased3 " =rs. )AN'+C'001'2001

Prior Histor*&

&ro t-e %,dent'Order dated 0.11.1 of t-e >i- Co,rt of %,dicat,re at )adrasin +econd Appeal No. 75 of 18

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Dis+osition&Appeal disissed

Citin% Reeren'e&

C-andra *-an v. !aa *ai and Anr. )AN'+C'248'2000 )entionedD". Conr. >ardoi v. Raa (ris-na Narain )AN'+C'0112'15 Disc,ssed@,ran Ditta v. . Ra Ditta )AN')>'014'128 )entioned(ondia Doad, (ada v. +avitriai +opan @,ar and Ors. )AN'+C'0278'1 )entioned(ris-na )o-an (,l alias Nani C-aran (,l and Anr. v. !ratia )ait" and Ors. )entionedNeela/antan and Ors. v. )alli/a *e, )AN'+C'0062'2002 Disc,ssedReserve *an/ of ndia v. Ra/ris-na @ovind )ore" )AN'+C'0448'176 Disc,ssedRialap,di +,a Rao v. Noon" #eera, )AN'N'018'151 )entioned+a/-a-ari !ar;atrao (ara-ale and Anr. v. *-ias-an/ar !ar;atrao (ara-ale )entioned+antos- >aBari v. !,r,s-otta i;ari deceased3 " =rs. )AN'+C'001'2001 Disc,ssed+ir C-,nilal #. )e-ta and +ons =td. v. Cent,r" +p. ? )f. Co. =td. Disc,ssed


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merel* !e'a#se s#'h sharer ha$ other alternati,e 3a* - Or$er o Hi%h Co#rt $i$not 3arrant intereren'e - A++eal $ismisse$

"UD:MENT

Ari;it Pasa*at0 ".

1. Appellant calls in ,estion lealit" of t-e ,dent rendered " a learned +inle%,de of t-e )adras >i- Co,rt allo;in t-e +econd Appeal filed " t-e defendant i.e.respondent -erein ,nder +ection 100of t-e Code of Civil !roced,re$ 108 in s-ortC!C3.

2. )aterial facts in a n,ts-ell are as follo;s:

A s,it ;as filed " t-e appellant as plaintiff for peranent pro-iitor" in,nction torestrain t-e defendant fro ca,sin ostr,ction in plaintiff p,ttin ,p copo,nd ;all in-is portion of propert" earin R.+. No. 418'5$ +o,t- !adari +treet$ +eer/aBi o;nalon t-e @> line in t-e ro,- plan attac-ed to t-e plaint.

. A !artition deed dated 2.11.150 ;as eEec,ted aon five rot-ersNara"anas;ai$ !aran,sa C-ettiar$ !,r,s-ot-aan C-ettiar$ Rad-a/ris-nan C-ettiarand Arava,t-a C-ettiar. nder t-e said partition$ C +c-ed,le ites ;ere allotted to!,r,s-ot-aan C-ettiar and 9 sc-ed,le ites ;ere allotted to Arava,t-a C-ettiar.nder t-e said partition$ a portion of propert" No. 418'5$ +o,t- !adari +treet$ +eer/aBieas,rin 16F G 226F E 160'2 ;as allotted to !,r,s-ot-aan C-ettiar and anot-erportion to t-e east t-ereof eas,rin 226F E 160 ;as allotted to t-e s-are Arava,t-aC-ettiar. On t-e deat- of Arava,t-a C-ettiar$ -is portion of R.+. No. 418'5 ;asp,rc-ased " plaintiff fro -is leal -eir. Defendant is t-e ;ido; of !,r,s-ot-aan

C-ettiar and -er propert" is sit,ated on t-e ;estern side of plaintiffs propert"$ ;-ic-;as oriinall" allotted to Arava,t-a C-ettiar.

4. Accordin to plaintiff$ -e is entitled to enclose entire propert" and defendant -as nori-t of access to t-e ac/"ard of -er preises$ t-ro,- t-e passae lane3 sit,ated int-e eastern eEtreit" of plaintiffs propert" and t-e ac/"ard of plaintiffs propert".Defendant ;as ca,sin ostr,ction in t-e constr,ction of copo,nd ;all " -i on t-e@> line and t-e sae ;as to e prevented " a decree of peranent pro-iitor"in,nction. Accordin to plaintiff$ t-e defendant ;o,ld reac- -er ac/"ard t-ro,- -erain -o,se sit,ated in t-e front side of t-e propert" and$ t-erefore$ s-e ;as not entitledto clai an" ri-t of ;a" t-ro,- -is propert".

5. Defendant did not disp,te t-e o;ners-ip of plaintiff over t-e propert" ;-ic- ;asoriinall" allotted to Arava,t-a C-ettiar and s,se,entl" p,rc-ased " plaintiff. >erstand ;as t-at s-e -as a ri-t of ;a" in ters of t-e partition deed and if constr,ction isp,t on t-e entire @> line$ -er ri-t of ;a" ;ill e ostr,cted. +-e contended t-atplaintiff if at all entitled to constr,ct an" copo,nd ;all$ s-o,ld not ca,se an"ostr,ction to -er ri-t to ;a" ranted ,nder t-e !artition deed.
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6. rial Co,rt too/ oral and doc,entar" evidence and cae to t-e concl,sion t-atplaintiff is entitled to s,cceed. rial co,rt ;as of t-e vie; t-at t-e ri-t of ;a" providedto !,r,s-ot-aan C-ettiar defendants -,sand3 ,nder t-e partition deed ;as aneaseent of necessit" and ;-en appellant -as ot ot-er access sit,ated on t-enort-ern side t-e necessit" -as ceased to eEist ,nder +ection 41 of t-e ndian9aseent Act$ 1882 in s-ort t-e Act3 and conse,entl"$ plaintiff is entitled to p,t ,pconstr,ction as pra"ed for.

7. Aainst t-e said decision of trial co,rt$ defendant respondent preferred appeal asA.+. 8 of 16 on t-e file of Additional +, %,de$ )a"ilad,t-,rai$ ,t ;it-o,t s,ccess.

8. n t-e second appeal filed " t-e defendantrespondent$ t-e follo;in ,estions ;erefor,lated as s,stantial ,estions of la; arisin for consideration:

a3 H-et-er t-e co,rts elo; are ri-t in ivin a findin reardin eEtin,is-ent ofeaseentar" ri-t ;it-o,t an" pleadin or evidence reardin t-e saeI H-et-er t-eco,rts elo; are ,stified in pres,in eEtin,is-ent ;-en t-ere is no pleadin or

evidence to ;-at effectI

3 H-et-er t-e co,rts elo; are ri-t in statin t-at to prove easeent " prescription$it is necessar" to s-o; t-e eEistence of easeent " necessit" is a condition precedentto plead and prove easeent " prescriptionI

c3 H-et-er t-e co,rts elo; are erred in statin t-at t-e doinant teneent o;nersri-t over servient teneent ;ill et eEtin,is-ed ;-en t-e servient teneentso;ners-ip transferred to anot-er person " ;a" of sale " servient o;nerI

d3 H-et-er t-e co,rts elo; are correct in statin t-at t-e easeent created ot

eEtin,is-ed ;-en t-ere is no c-ane in p-"sical feat,res of t-e propert" coveredrender t-at easeent ri-t as ,seless or ,nnecessar"I

. -e >i- Co,rt noted t-at t-e ,estions ;-ic- need consideration ;ere t-e,estions a ? d. -e >i- Co,rt fo,nd t-at t-e approac- of t-e rial co,rt and t-e firstappellate co,rt ;ere clearl" erroneo,s as t-e" failed to distin,is- et;een t-eeaseent of necessit" and an easeent ac,ired " rant. Considerin t-e relevantcla,se in t-e !artition deed it ;as -eld t-at t-e ri-t of ;a" iven ;as one of rant andnot an easeent of necessit". Accordinl" t-e +econd Appeal ;as allo;ed and t-eplaintiffs s,it ;as disissed.

10. n s,pport of t-e appeal learned Co,nsel for t-e appellant s,itted t-at t-eparaeters of +ection 100$ C!C ;ere not /ept in vie; " t-e >i- Co,rt. t ;as alsocontended t-at as t-ere ;as no specific pleadin reardin t-e easeent " rant int-e ;ritten stateent$ t-e >i- Co,rt co,ld not -ave decided t-e atter on t-at asis.

11. =earned co,nsel for t-e respondent on t-e ot-er -and s,itted t-at t-e readin oft-e relevant cla,se leaves no anner of do,t t-at t-e ri-t flo;in fro t-e relevantportion of t-e partition deed ;as one of rant and not an easeent of necessit".

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12. He s-all first deal ;it- t-e ,estion relatin to ,risdiction of t-e >i- Co,rt tointerfere ;it- t-e conc,rrent findins of fact. Reference ;as ade " learned Co,nselfor t-e appellant to C-andra *-an v. !aa *ai and Anr. )AN'+C'248'2000 :20023+CC565 +a/-a-ari !ar;atrao (ara-ale and Anr. v. *-ia s-an/ar !ar;atrao(ara-ale )AN'+C'248'2000 : 20023+CC608 . +o far as t-e first decision isconcerned$ in vie; of t-e fact,al findins recorded " t-e lo;er Co,rt and t-e firstAppellate Co,rt it ;as -eld t-at interference ;it- t-e conc,rrent findins of fact are not

,stified. -e ,estion related to possession and t;o Co,rts priaril" considerinfact,al position -ad decided t-e ,estion of possession. n t-at ac/ro,nd$ t-is Co,rtoserved t-at ,risdiction ,nder +ection 100C!C s-o,ld not -ave een eEercised. +ofar as t-e second decision is concerned$ t-e position ;as alost siilar and it ;as -eldt-at findins contrar" to conc,rrent findins of lo;er Co,rts and -avin no asis eit-erin pleadins$ iss,es fraed or in ,estions act,all" ad,dicated ,pon " an" of t-elo;er Co,rts cannot e s,stained. -at decision also does not -elp t-e appellant in an"anner as t-e fact,al scenario is totall" different in t-e present case.

1. -o,- as ri-tl" contended " learned Co,nsel for t-e appellant t-e scope for

interference ;it- conc,rrent findins of fact ;-ile eEercisin ,risdiction ,nder +ection100C!C is ver" liited$ and reappreciation of evidence is not perissile ;-ere t-etrial Co,rt and'or t-e first Appellate Co,rt isdirected t-eselves in appreciatin t-e,estion of la; or placed t-e on,s on t-e ;ron part" certainl" t-ere is a scope forinterference ,nder +ection 100C!C after for,latin a s,stantial ,estion of la;.

14. As ;as noted in


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s,stantial ,estion of la; involved and t-e >i- Co,rt is olied to satisf" itselfreardin t-e eEistence of s,c- a ,estion. f satisfied$ t-e >i- Co,rt -as to for,latet-e s,stantial ,estion of la; involved in t-e case. -e appeal is re,ired to e -eardon t-e ,estion so for,lated. >o;ever$ t-e respondent at t-e tie of -earin of t-eappeal -as a ri-t to ar,e t-at t-e case in t-e co,rt did not involve an" s,stantial,estion of la;. -e proviso to t-e section ac/no;ledes t-e po;ers of t-e >i- Co,rtto -ear t-e appeal on a s,stantial point of la;$ t-o,- not for,lated " it ;it- t-eoect of ens,rin t-at no in,stice is done to t-e litiant ;-ere s,c- a ,estion ;as notfor,lated at t-e tie of adission eit-er " ista/e or " inadvertence.

18. t -as een noted tie and aain t-at ;it-o,t insistin for t-e stateent of s,c- as,stantial ,estion of la; in t-e eorand, of appeal and for,latin t-e sae att-e tie of adission$ t-e >i- Co,rts -ave een iss,in notices and enerall"decidin t-e second appeals ;it-o,t ad-erin to t-e proced,re prescried ,nder+ection 100of t-e C!C. t -as f,rt-er een fo,nd in a n,er of cases t-at no effortsare ade to distin,is- et;een a ,estion of la; and a s,stantial ,estion of la;. neEercise of t-e po;ers ,nder t-is section in several cases$ t-e findins of fact of t-e first

appellate co,rt are fo,nd to -ave een dist,red. t -as to e /ept in ind t-at t-e ri-tof appeal is neit-er a nat,ral nor an in-erent ri-t attac-ed to t-e litiation. *ein as,stantive stat,tor" ri-t$ it -as to e re,lated in accordance ;it- la; in force at t-erelevant tie. -e conditions entioned in t-e section ,st e strictl" f,lfilled efore asecond appeal can e aintained and no co,rt -as t-e po;er to add or to enlaret-ose ro,nds. -e second appeal cannot e decided on erel" e,itale ro,nds.-e conc,rrent findins of facts ;ill not e dist,red " t-e >i- Co,rt in eEercise of t-epo;ers ,nder t-is section. &,rt-er$ a s,stantial ,estion of la; -as to e distin,is-edfro a s,stantial ,estion of fact. -is Co,rt in +ir C-,nilal #. )e-ta and +ons =td. v.Cent,r" +p. ? )f. Co. =td. )AN'+C'0056'162: AR162+C114 -eld t-at:

-e proper test for deterinin ;-et-er a ,estion of la; raised in t-e case iss,stantial ;o,ld$ in o,r opinion$ e ;-et-er it is of eneral p,lic iportance or;-et-er it directl" and s,stantiall" affects t-e ri-ts of t-e parties and if so ;-et-er it iseit-er an open ,estion in t-e sense t-at it is not finall" settled " t-is Co,rt or " t-e!riv" Co,ncil or " t-e &ederal Co,rt or is not free fro diffic,lt" or calls for disc,ssionof alternative vie;s. f t-e ,estion is settled " t-e -i-est co,rt or t-e eneralprinciples to e applied in deterinin t-e ,estion are ;ell settled and t-ere is a ere,estion of appl"in t-ose principles or t-at t-e plea raised is palpal" as,rd t-e,estion ;o,ld not e a s,stantial ,estion of la;.

1. t is not ;it-in t-e doain of t-e >i- Co,rt to investiate t-e ro,nds on ;-ic- t-efindins ;ere arrived at$ " t-e last co,rt of fact$ ein t-e first appellate co,rt. t is tr,et-at t-e lo;er appellate co,rt s-o,ld not ordinaril" reect ;itnesses accepted " t-e trialco,rt in respect of crediilit" ,t even ;-ere it -as reected t-e ;itnesses accepted "t-e trial co,rt$ t-e sae is no ro,nd for interference in second appeal ;-en it is fo,ndt-at t-e appellate co,rt -as iven satisfactor" reasons for doin so. n a case ;-erefro a iven set of circ,stances t;o inferences of fact are possile$ one dra;n " t-elo;er appellate co,rt ;ill not e interfered " t-e >i- Co,rt in second appeal. Adoptinan" ot-er approac- is not perissile. -e >i- Co,rt ;ill$ -o;ever$ interfere ;-ere it isfo,nd t-at t-e concl,sions dra;n " t-e lo;er appellate co,rt ;ere erroneo,s ein

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contrar" to t-e andator" provisions of la; applicale or its settled position on t-e asisof prono,nceents ade " t-e ApeE Co,rt$ or ;as ased ,pon inadissile evidenceor arrived at " inorin aterial evidence.

20. -e ,estion of la; raised ;ill not e considered as a s,stantial ,estion of la;$ if

it stands alread" decided " a larer *enc- of t-e >i- Co,rt concerned or " t-e !riv"Co,ncil or " t-e &ederal Co,rt or " t-e +,pree Co,rt. H-ere t-e facts re,ired for apoint of la; -ave not een pleaded$ a litiant s-o,ld not e allo;ed to raise t-at,estion as a s,stantial ,estion of la; in second appeal. -ere ere appreciation offacts$ t-e doc,entar" evidence or t-e eanin of entries and t-e contents of t-edoc,ents cannot e -eld to e raisin a s,stantial ,estion of la;. *,t ;-ere it isfo,nd t-at t-e first appellate co,rt -as ass,ed ,risdiction ;-ic- did not vest in it$ t-esae can e ad,dicated in t-e second appeal$ treatin it as a s,stantial ,estion ofla;. H-ere t-e fact appellate co,rt is s-o;n to -ave eEercised its discretion in a ,dicialanner$ it cannot e tered to e an error eit-er of la; or of proced,re re,irininterference in second appeal. -is Co,rt in Reserve *an/ of ndia v. Ra/ris-na@ovind )ore" )AN'+C'0448'176: AR176+C80 -eld t-at ;-et-er t-e trial co,rt

s-o,ld not -ave eEercised its ,risdiction differentl" is not a ,estion of la; ,stif"ininterference.+ee: (ondia Doad, (ada v. +avitriai +opan @,ar and Ors.)AN'+C'0278'1: J1K2+CR728 3.

21. -e p-rase Fs,stantial ,estion of la;F$ as occ,rrin in t-e aended +ection 100of t-e C!C is not defined in t-e Code. -e ;ord s,stantial$ as ,alif"in F,estion ofla;F$ eans of -avin s,stance$ essential$ real$ of so,nd ;ort-$ iportant orconsiderale. t is to e ,nderstood as soet-in in contradistinction ;it- tec-nical$ ofno s,stance or conse,ence$ or acadeic erel". >o;ever$ it is clear t-at t-eleislat,re -as c-osen not to ,alif" t-e scope of Fs,stantial ,estion of la;F "s,ffiEin t-e ;ords Fof eneral iportanceF as -as een done in an" ot-er provisions

s,c- as +ection 10of t-e Code or Article 113a3of t-e Constit,tion. -e s,stantial,estion of la; on ;-ic- a second appeal s-all e -eard need not necessaril" e as,stantial ,estion of la; of eneral iportance. n @,ran Ditta v. . Ra Ditta)AN'!R'0005'14$ t-e p-rase s,stantial ,estion of la; as it ;as eplo"ed in t-elast cla,se of t-e t-en eEistin +ection 100C!C since oitted " t-e Aendent Act$173 cae ,p for consideration and t-eir =ords-ips -eld t-at it did not ean as,stantial ,estion of eneral iportance ,t a s,stantial ,estion of la; ;-ic- ;asinvolved in t-e case. n +ri C-,nilals case s,pra3$ t-e Constit,tion *enc- eEpressedareeent ;it- t-e follo;in vie; ta/en " a f,ll *enc- of t-e )adras >i- Co,rt inRialap,di +,a Rao v. Noon" #eera, )AN'N'018'151: AR151)ad6 :

H-en a ,estion of la; is fairl" ar,ale$ ;-ere t-ere is roo for difference of opinionon it or ;-ere t-e Co,rt t-o,-t it necessar" to deal ;it- t-at ,estion at soe lent-and disc,ss alternative vie;s$ t-en t-e ,estion ;o,ld e a s,stantial ,estion of la;.On t-e ot-er -and if t-e ,estion ;as practicall" covered " t-e decision of t-e -i-estco,rt or if t-e eneral principles to e applied in deterinin t-e ,estion are ;ellsettled and t-e onl" ,estion ;as of appl"in t-ose principles to e partic,lar facts oft-e case it ;o,ld not e a s,stantial ,estion of la;.

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22. -is Co,rt laid do;n t-e follo;in test as proper test$ for deterinin ;-et-er a,estion of la; raised in t-e case is s,stantial

-e proper test for deterinin ;-et-er a ,estion of la; raised in t-e case iss,stantial ;o,ld$ in o,r opinion$ e ;-et-er it is of eneral p,lic iportance or

;-et-er it directl" and s,stantiall" affects t-e ri-ts of t-e parties and if so ;-et-er it iseit-er an open ,estion in t-e sense t-at it is not finall" settled " t-is Co,rt or " t-e!riv" Co,ncil or " t-e &ederal Co,rt or is not free fro diffic,lt" or calls for disc,ssionof alternative vie;s. f t-e ,estion is settled " t-e -i-est co,rt or t-e eneralprinciples to e applied in deterinin t-e ,estion are ;ell settled and t-ere is a ere,estion of appl"in t-ose principles or t-at t-e plea raised is palpal" as,rd t-e,estion ;o,ld not e a s,stantial ,estion of la;.

2. n D". Conr. >ardoi v. Raa (ris-na Narain )AN'+C'0112'15 :AR15+C521 also it ;as -eld t-at a ,estion of la; of iportance to t-e parties ;asa s,stantial ,estion of la; entitlin t-e appellant to a certificate ,nder t-e t-en3+ection 100of t-e C!C.

24. o e Fs,stantialF a ,estion of la; ,st e deatale$ not previo,sl" settled "la; of t-e land or a indin precedent$ and ,st -ave a aterial earin on t-edecision of t-e case$ if ans;ered eit-er ;a"$ insofar as t-e ri-ts of t-e parties efore itare concerned. o e a ,estion of la; Finvolvin in t-e caseF t-ere ,st e first afo,ndation for it laid in t-e pleadins and t-e ,estion s-o,ld eere fro t-es,stainale findins of fact arrived at " co,rt of facts and it ,st e necessar" todecide t-at ,estion of la; for a ,st and proper decision of t-e case. An entirel" ne;point raised for t-e first tie efore t-e >i- Co,rt is not a ,estion involved in t-e case,nless it oes to t-e root of t-e atter. t ;ill$ t-erefore$ depend on t-e facts andcirc,stance of eac- case ;-et-er a ,estion of la; is a s,stantial one and involved

in t-e case$ or not t-e parao,nt overall consideration ein t-e need for stri/in a,dicio,s alance et;een t-e indispensale oliation to do ,stice at all staes andipellin necessit" of avoidin prolonation in t-e life of an" lis. +ee: +antos- >aBari v.!,r,s-otta i;ari deceased3 " =rs. )AN'+C'001'2001: J2001K251R84+C3 .

25. -e principles relatin to +ection 100 C!C$ relevant for t-is case$ a" es,eriBed t-,s:

i3 An inference of fact fro t-e recitals or contents of a doc,ent is a ,estion of fact.*,t t-e leal effect of t-e ters of a doc,ent is a ,estion of la;. Constr,ction of adoc,ent involvin t-e application of an" principle of la;$ is also a ,estion of la;.-erefore$ ;-en t-ere is isconstr,ction of a doc,ent or ;ron application of aprinciple of la; in constr,in a doc,ent$ it ives rise to a ,estion of la;.

ii3 -e >i- Co,rt s-o,ld e satisfied t-at t-e case involves a s,stantial ,estion ofla;$ and not a ere ,estion of la;. A ,estion of la; -avin a aterial earin on t-edecision of t-e case t-at is$ a ,estion$ ans;er to ;-ic- affects t-e ri-ts of parties tot-e s,it3 ;ill e a s,stantial ,estion of la;$ if it is not covered " an" specificprovisions of la; or settled leal principle eerin fro indin precedents$ and$involves a deatale leal iss,e. A s,stantial ,estion of la; ;ill also arise in a

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contrar" sit,ation$ ;-ere t-e leal position is clear$ eit-er on acco,nt of eEpressprovisions of la; or indin precedents$ ,t t-e co,rt elo; -as decided t-e atter$eit-er inorin or actin contrar" to s,c- leal principle. n t-e second t"pe of cases$ t-es,stantial ,estion of la; arises not eca,se t-e la; is still deatale$ ,t eca,se t-edecision rendered on a aterial ,estion$ violates t-e settled position of la;.

iii3 -e eneral r,le is t-at >i- Co,rt ;ill not interfere ;it- conc,rrent findins of t-eCo,rts elo;. *,t it is not an asol,te r,le. +oe of t-e ;ell reconiBed eEceptions are;-ere i3 t-e co,rts elo; -ave inored aterial evidence or acted on no evidence ii3t-e co,rts -ave dra;n ;ron inferences fro proved facts " appl"in t-e la;erroneo,sl" or iii3 t-e co,rts -ave ;ronl" cast t-e ,rden of proof. H-en ;e refer todecision ased on no evidence$ it not onl" refers to cases ;-ere t-ere is a total deart-of evidence$ ,t also refers to an" case$ ;-ere t-e evidence$ ta/en as a ;-ole$ is notreasonal" capale of s,pportin t-e findin.

26. n t-e case at -and t-e >i- Co,rt fo,nd t-at t-e approac- of t-e trial co,rt and t-efirst appellate co,rt ;as erroneo,s inas,c- as t-e" proceeded on t-e asis as if it is a

case of easeent of necessit". >ad t-e trial co,rt and t-e first appellate co,rtconsidered t-e evidence in t-e li-t of t-e respective stands of t-e parties and t-enconcl,ded one ;a" or t-e ot-er$ t-e position ;o,ld -ave een different. H-en t-eapproac- ;as f,ndaentall" ;ron t-e >i- Co,rt cannot e fa,lted for -avin oneinto t-e ,estion as to ;-at ;as t-e proved intention of t-e part" as c,lled o,t fro t-e!artition deed. -e relevant translation3 portion reads as follo;s:

Arav,,da C-ettiar coonl" eno" t-e ;ell sit,ate on t-e portion allotted to!,r,s-ottaa C-ettiar$ li/e;ise !,r,s-ot-aa C-ettiar coonl" eno" t-e lanesit,ate on t-e portion allotted to Arav,,da C-ettiar. Hell is t-e eEcl,sive propert" of!,r,s-ot-aa C-ettiar and =ane is t-e eEcl,sive propert" of Arav,,da C-ettiar.

27. -o,- an attept ;as ade " learned Co,nsel for t-e appellant to contend t-att-e ,oted portion ;as onl" t-e preale and not t-e intention of t-e parties$ t-e saeis clearl" ,ntenale. 9arlier to t-e ,oted portion it -as een noted as follo;s:

As per t-e aove arraneent ;e decided to enter into t-e !artition deed and -ence;e are ;ritin t-is !artition deed. He s-o,ld ta/e possession of o,r respective s-aresand eno" t-e sae ,ninterr,ptedl" for ever.

-erefore$ t-ere is no anner of do,t t-at t-e intention ;as clear t-at it ;as a rantand not an easeent of necessit" ;-ic- co,ld e eEtin,is-ed.

28. -e ,estion ;-et-er an easeent is one ac,ired " rant as contrasted fro aneaseent of necessit"3 does not depend ,pon asol,te necessit" of it. t is t-e nat,re oft-e ac,isition t-at is relevant. )an" easeents ac,ired " rant a" e asol,tel"necessar" for t-e eno"ent of t-e doinant teneent in t-e sense t-at it cannot eeno"ed at all ;it-o,t it. -at a" e t-e reason for t-e rant also. *,t easeent ofrant is a atter of contract et;een t-e parties. n t-e atter of rant t-e parties areoverned " t-e ters of t-e rant and not an"t-in else. 9aseent of necessit" and,asi easeent are dealt ;it- in +ection 1of t-e Act. -e rant a" e eEpress or
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even " necessar" iplication. n eit-er case it ;ill not ao,nt to an easeent ofnecessit" ,nder +ection 1of t-e Act even t-o,- it a" also e an asol,te necessit"for t-e person in ;-ose favo,r t-e rant is ade. =iit of t-e easeent ac,ired "rant is controlled onl" " t-e ters of t-e contract. f t-e ters of t-e rant restrict its,ser s,ect to an" condition t-e parties ;ill e overned " t-ose conditions. An" -o;t-e scope of t-e rant co,ld e deterined " t-e ters of t-e rant et;een t-eparties alone. H-en t-ere is not-in in t-e ter of t-e rant in t-is case t-at it ;as tocontin,e onl" ,ntil s,c- tie as t-e necessit" ;as asol,te. n fact even at t-e tie it;as ranted$ it ;as not one of necessit". f it is a peranent arraneent ,ncontrolled" an" condition$ t-at peranenc" in ,ser ,st e reconiBed and t-e servientteneent ;ill e reconiBed and t-e servient teneent ;ill e peranentl" ,rdened;it- t-at disailit". +,c- a ri-t does not arise ,nder t-e leal iplication of +ection 1nor is it eEtin,is-ed " t-e stat,tor" provision ,nder +ection 41of t-e Act ;-ic- isapplicale onl" to easeent of necessit" arisin ,nder +ection 1.

2. An easeent " rant does not et eEtin,is-ed ,nder +ection 41of t-e Act ;-ic-relates to an easeent of necessit". An easeent of necessit" is one ;-ic- is not

erel" necessar" for t-e reasonale eno"ent of t-e doinant teneent$ ,t one;-ere doinant teneent cannot e ,sed at all ;it-o,t t-e easeent. -e ,rden oft-e servient o;ner in s,c- a case is not on t-e asis of an" concession or rant ade" -i for consideration or ot-er;ise$ ,t it is " ;a" of a leal oliation enalin t-edoinant o;ner to ,se -is land. t is liited to t-e arest necessit" -o;everinconvenient it is irrespective of t-e ,estion ;-et-er a etter access co,ld e iven "t-e servient o;ner or not. H-en an alternate access ecoes availale$ t-e lealnecessit" of ,rdenin t-e servient o;ner ceases and t-e easeent of necessit" "iplication of la; is leall" ;it-dra;n or eEtin,is-ed as stat,toril" reconiBed in+ection 41. +,c- an easeent ;ill last onl" as lon as t-e asol,te necessit" eEists.+,c- a leal eEtinction cannot appl" to an ac,isition " rant and +ection 41is not

applicale in s,c- case.

0. Aove ein t-e position$ t-e >i- Co,rt ;as ri-t in -oldin t-at t-e parties clearl"provided for a ri-t of access to t-e ac/"ard of t-e defendants -o,se ;-en t-e!artition deed ;as eEec,ted and s-ares ;ere allotted to vario,s s-arers ta/in intoacco,nt vario,s factors and it is a atter of contract,al arraneent et;een t-e. ns,c- a contract if a ri-t of ;a" is provided to a partic,lar s-arer$ it cannot eeEtin,is-ed erel" eca,se s,c- s-arer -as ot-er alternative ;a". -e >i- Co,rtsreasonin and concl,sions do not s,ffer fro an" infirit" to ;arrant interference.

-e appeal is accordinl" disissed. No costs.

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Hero Vinoth Minor vs Seshammal - AIR 2006 SC 2234

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Transcript of Hero Vinoth Minor vs Seshammal - AIR 2006 SC 2234