Heart Disease

Heart DiseaseHeart Disease

Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of women yet only 8% of American women realize it is a greater threat than cancer

A woman has a 50% chance of dying from her first heart event, compared with a 30% chance for a man

Of those who survive their first heart attack, 38% of women will die within a year, vs. 25% of men

46% of women are disabled by heart failure after a heart attack, compared with 22% of men

Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of women yet only 8% of American women realize it is a greater threat than cancer

A woman has a 50% chance of dying from her first heart event, compared with a 30% chance for a man

Of those who survive their first heart attack, 38% of women will die within a year, vs. 25% of men

46% of women are disabled by heart failure after a heart attack, compared with 22% of men

Percentage breakdown of deaths from cardiovascular Percentage breakdown of deaths from cardiovascular diseases diseases (United States: 2006)(United States: 2006) * - Not a true underlying cause.* - Not a true underlying cause.Source: NCHS. Source: NCHS.

51

17

7

74

14

Coronary HeartDisease

Stroke

HF*

High Blood Pressure

Diseases of theArteries

Other

Heart FactsHeart Facts

43 million Americans have one or more forms of heart/blood vessel disease

1.5 million Americans will have a heart attack this year 550,000 will die each year

350,000 Americans die before they reach the hospital. Why? Because the average victim waits 3 hours before seeking help

43 million Americans have one or more forms of heart/blood vessel disease

1.5 million Americans will have a heart attack this year 550,000 will die each year

350,000 Americans die before they reach the hospital. Why? Because the average victim waits 3 hours before seeking help


U.S. has the 2nd highest death rate from heart disease in the world (Finland is #1 because of a high fat diet & a high amount of alcohol consumption; Japan had a diet high in fish & veggies and has the lowest death rate in the world from heart disease)

U.S. has the 2nd highest death rate from heart disease in the world (Finland is #1 because of a high fat diet & a high amount of alcohol consumption; Japan had a diet high in fish & veggies and has the lowest death rate in the world from heart disease)


Heart disease is the #1 killer in the U.S. (over 1/2 of all deaths are from CVD’s. Heart disease beats out accidents, cancer, & pneumonia combined)

Heart disease is the #1 killer in the U.S. (over 1/2 of all deaths are from CVD’s. Heart disease beats out accidents, cancer, & pneumonia combined)

CVD disease mortality trends for males and femalesCVD disease mortality trends for males and females(United States: 1979-2006). United States: 1979-2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.Source: NCHS and NHLBI.

350

400

450

500

550

79 80 85 90 95 00 06

Years

De

ath

s in

Th

ou

sa

nd

s

Males Females

AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is the major underlying condition of cardiovascular disease

Also known as “hardening of the arteries”

It is a degenerative disease that can narrow or block arteries to the brain, heart, kidneys & other parts of the body.

Atherosclerosis is the major underlying condition of cardiovascular disease

Also known as “hardening of the arteries”

It is a degenerative disease that can narrow or block arteries to the brain, heart, kidneys & other parts of the body.


Artery linings become thick by deposits of fat, cholesterol, cellular debris & calcium

Artery linings become thick by deposits of fat, cholesterol, cellular debris & calcium

Process of atherosclerosisProcess of atherosclerosis

Risk factors to heart disease


Major factors that cannot be changed:

-heredity-sex (men higher)-race (blks higher)-age (higher w/age)

Major factors that cannot be changed:

-heredity-sex (men higher)-race (blks higher)-age (higher w/age)



Factors that can be changed-cigarette smoking -high blood pressure-blood cholesterol-physical inactivity

Factors that can be changed-cigarette smoking -high blood pressure-blood cholesterol-physical inactivity



Contributing factors-obesity-lack of exercise-stress-diabetes

Contributing factors-obesity-lack of exercise-stress-diabetes

Prudent heart livingPrudent heart living

Prudent heart living is modifying or altering risk factors to minimize the risk of future heart disease

1) Weight control2) Physical

fitness/exercise/remember the heart is a muscle

Prudent heart living is modifying or altering risk factors to minimize the risk of future heart disease

1) Weight control2) Physical

fitness/exercise/remember the heart is a muscle


3) No smoking4) Stress control5) Control of blood pressure6) Diabetic control,meds, diet7) Sensible nutrition

a) avoid foods high in cholesterolb) eat more fish & poultry

3) No smoking4) Stress control5) Control of blood pressure6) Diabetic control,meds, diet7) Sensible nutrition

a) avoid foods high in cholesterolb) eat more fish & poultry


c) cook with vegetable oilsd) drink non-fat milke) avoid fast foodsf) reduce salt

c) cook with vegetable oilsd) drink non-fat milke) avoid fast foodsf) reduce salt

Signals of a heart attack (MI=myocardial infarction)Signals of a heart attack

(MI=myocardial infarction)Uncomfortable pressure, fullness,

squeezing or pain in the chest lasting 2 minutes or longer

Pain may spread to shoulder, neck, or arms

Severe pain, dizziness, fainting, sweating, nausea, or shortness of breath

Not all signals may be present

Uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the chest lasting 2 minutes or longer

Pain may spread to shoulder, neck, or arms

Severe pain, dizziness, fainting, sweating, nausea, or shortness of breath

Not all signals may be present

WHAT IS A STROKE?WHAT IS A STROKE?

Blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.

Third leading cause of death in the US.Responsible for 1 death in 15About 500,000 new strokes annually

Blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.

Third leading cause of death in the US.Responsible for 1 death in 15About 500,000 new strokes annually

Risk FactorsRisk Factors

Increasing age Male Family history Prior stroke High blood pressure Cigarette smoking Diabetes Carotid artery disease Heart Disease Mini strokes High red blood cell count

Increasing age Male Family history Prior stroke High blood pressure Cigarette smoking Diabetes Carotid artery disease Heart Disease Mini strokes High red blood cell count

Other FactorsOther Factors

Socioeconomic factors

Excessive alcohol intake

Certain kinds of drug abuse

Socioeconomic factors

Excessive alcohol intake

Certain kinds of drug abuse

Signs of a StrokeSigns of a Stroke

Sudden severe headache

Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes

Sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body

Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding

Sudden dizziness, trouble walking, or loss of balance or coordination

Sudden severe headache

Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes

Sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body

Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding

Sudden dizziness, trouble walking, or loss of balance or coordination

Kinds of StrokesKinds of Strokes

Cerebral embolism: Occurs when a clot travels through the bloodstream and lodges in the brain.

Cerebral Thrombosis: Occurs when a clot forms inside one of the arteries in the brain. Blood flow to parts of the brain is blocked.

Cerebral Hemorrhage: Occurs when an artery inside the brain bursts. This presents two problems. One, blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off. Two, accumulated blood from the burst artery causes pressure in the surrounding brain tissue.

Cerebral embolism: Occurs when a clot travels through the bloodstream and lodges in the brain.

Cerebral Thrombosis: Occurs when a clot forms inside one of the arteries in the brain. Blood flow to parts of the brain is blocked.

Cerebral Hemorrhage: Occurs when an artery inside the brain bursts. This presents two problems. One, blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off. Two, accumulated blood from the burst artery causes pressure in the surrounding brain tissue.

Kinds of Strokes ContinuedKinds of Strokes Continued

Aneurysm: Is a blood filled pouch that balloons out from a weak spot in an artery wall. A stroke occurs when an aneurysm bursts in the brain.

Brain tumor can press on an artery and cut off circulation.

Aneurysm: Is a blood filled pouch that balloons out from a weak spot in an artery wall. A stroke occurs when an aneurysm bursts in the brain.

Brain tumor can press on an artery and cut off circulation.

STROKESSTROKES

The Effects of Stroke If a stroke occurs blood flow can’t reach the region that controls a particular body function, that part of the body won’t work as it should. If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain, for instance, it’s likely that some disability involving vision will result. The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction and the extent of brain tissue affected. Because one side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body, a stroke affecting one side will result in neurological

complications on the side of the body it affects.

The Effects of Stroke If a stroke occurs blood flow can’t reach the region that controls a particular body function, that part of the body won’t work as it should. If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain, for instance, it’s likely that some disability involving vision will result. The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction and the extent of brain tissue affected. Because one side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body, a stroke affecting one side will result in neurological

complications on the side of the body it affects.

STROKESSTROKES

Right Brain If the stroke occurs in the brains right side, the left side of the body (and the RIGHT side of the face) will be affected, which could produce any or all of the following:

- Paralysis on the left side of the body - Vision problems - Quick inquisitive behavioral style - Memory loss

Right Brain If the stroke occurs in the brains right side, the left side of the body (and the RIGHT side of the face) will be affected, which could produce any or all of the following:

- Paralysis on the left side of the body - Vision problems - Quick inquisitive behavioral style - Memory loss

STROKESSTROKES

Left Brain If the stroke occurs in the left side of the brain, the right side of the body (and the LEFT side of the face) will be affected, producing some or all of the following:

- Paralysis of the right side of the body -Speech/language problems

-Slow, cautious behavioral style -Memory loss

Left Brain If the stroke occurs in the left side of the brain, the right side of the body (and the LEFT side of the face) will be affected, producing some or all of the following:

- Paralysis of the right side of the body -Speech/language problems

-Slow, cautious behavioral style -Memory loss

Heart Disease

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