HEALTH HAZARDSHEALTH HAZARDS

Anything that damages Anything that damages healthhealth

© PDST Home Economics

Smoking Smoking

Why people begin:Why people begin:

CuriosityCuriosity

ImageImage

Peer pressurePeer pressure

Bad ExampleBad Example

Harmful substances in tobaccoHarmful substances in tobacco

4000 chemicals4000 chemicals

Nicotine – addictive drugNicotine – addictive drug

Tar – coats lungsTar – coats lungs

Carbon monoxide – robs body of oxygenCarbon monoxide – robs body of oxygen

Irritants – Causes coughsIrritants – Causes coughs

Carcinogens – triggers cancer in the bodyCarcinogens – triggers cancer in the body

Harmful Effects of SmokingHarmful Effects of SmokingCancer: lungs, stomach, mouth, throat. 90% of Cancer: lungs, stomach, mouth, throat. 90% of people who get lung cancer are smokers.people who get lung cancer are smokers.

Heart disease: 3 times more common in smokers Heart disease: 3 times more common in smokers than non-smokers.than non-smokers.

BronchitisBronchitis

Smoker’s children get more lung infectionsSmoker’s children get more lung infections

Pregnant smokers are more likely to have Pregnant smokers are more likely to have miscarriages, still births or smaller babies.miscarriages, still births or smaller babies.

Smokers coughSmokers cough

Other EffectsOther Effects

Poor sense of taste and smellPoor sense of taste and smell

AddictionAddictionUnfit and slowBad breath, smelly clothesYellow teeth and fingersWrinkles and skin ageingWastes a lot of money

Passive smokerPassive smoker

When people who do not smoke inhale other When people who do not smoke inhale other peoples cigarette smoke.peoples cigarette smoke.

Environmental tobacco smoke ETSEnvironmental tobacco smoke ETS

Passive smoking can have the same effects as Passive smoking can have the same effects as smokingsmoking

Government ActionGovernment Action

MARCH 2004 – SMOKING BANMARCH 2004 – SMOKING BAN

High TaxHigh Tax

illegal to sell tobacco to under 18’sillegal to sell tobacco to under 18’s

Pack of 10 bannedPack of 10 banned

Health warnings on packsHealth warnings on packs

Tobacco advertising bannedTobacco advertising banned

In Ireland 5000 people die In Ireland 5000 people die each year because of each year because of

smokingsmoking

Alcohol AbuseAlcohol AbuseAlcoholic drinks contain a drug called ethyl Alcoholic drinks contain a drug called ethyl alcoholalcoholIf adults drink within recommended limits it may If adults drink within recommended limits it may do no harm.do no harm.If too much alcohol is drunk it can become If too much alcohol is drunk it can become addictive and cause serious health problemsaddictive and cause serious health problems

Why people drinkWhy people drink

For confidenceFor confidence

Relaxes themRelaxes them

Like the tasteLike the taste

Peer pressurePeer pressure

To escape problemsTo escape problems

Effects of alcohol depend on:Effects of alcohol depend on:

How much is drunkHow much is drunk

How quickly it is drunkHow quickly it is drunk

The size and gender of the drinkerThe size and gender of the drinker

If the drinker has eaten firstIf the drinker has eaten first

Short-term effects Short-term effects of alcoholof alcohol

Blood vessels widen – Blood vessels widen – skin redskin redLoss of co-ordination – Loss of co-ordination – staggers, slurred speechstaggers, slurred speechBrain slows downBrain slows downEffects judgementEffects judgementCauses aggressionCauses aggressionPoisonous – pass outPoisonous – pass out

Long term effect of alcohol Long term effect of alcohol abuse:abuse:

AddictionAddictionDestroys brain cells – co-ordination Destroys brain cells – co-ordination and memory effectedand memory effectedCirrhosis liverCirrhosis liverFoetal alcohol syndromeFoetal alcohol syndromeCancer throat and mouthCancer throat and mouthHeart diseaseHeart diseaseStomach ulcersStomach ulcersObesityObesityMental illness – depressionMental illness – depressionPremature deathPremature death

Effects on the family of the Effects on the family of the abuserabuser

Family unhappiness and Family unhappiness and breakdownbreakdown

Financial problems – alcohol Financial problems – alcohol is expensiveis expensive

Physical abuse of spouse or Physical abuse of spouse or childrenchildren

Bad example for childrenBad example for children

Effect of alcohol abuse on Effect of alcohol abuse on societysociety

Increase in crimeIncrease in crime

Increase in road accidentsIncrease in road accidents

More people absent from More people absent from workwork

Tax payers money used Tax payers money used treating abuserstreating abusers

Help for alcoholics and their Help for alcoholics and their familiesfamilies

Alcoholics anonymous – Alcoholics anonymous – group that helps group that helps alcoholic control their alcoholic control their addiction, it cannot be addiction, it cannot be cured.cured.Al Anon – for partners Al Anon – for partners and adult relatives of an and adult relatives of an alcoholicalcoholicAlateen – for teenage Alateen – for teenage children of alcoholicschildren of alcoholics

Teenage Teenage DrinkingDrinking

Added dangers of drinking early Added dangers of drinking early in life before you are finished in life before you are finished growinggrowingAlcohol has a more severe effect Alcohol has a more severe effect on a younger body and brain.on a younger body and brain.Addiction develops more easilyAddiction develops more easilyLearning and exams sufferLearning and exams sufferGreater risk of underage Greater risk of underage pregnancypregnancy

Alcohol content of drinksAlcohol content of drinks

Measured in unitsMeasured in units

Max 3 units recommended for men per dayMax 3 units recommended for men per day

Max 2 units recommended for women per dayMax 2 units recommended for women per day

1unit = 1 glass wine or ½ pt beer or 1 measure of 1unit = 1 glass wine or ½ pt beer or 1 measure of vodkavodka

Sensible drinking for adults (over Sensible drinking for adults (over 18)18)

Drink in moderationDrink in moderation

Drink slowlyDrink slowly

Eat before drinkingEat before drinking

Avoid ‘rounds’Avoid ‘rounds’

Don’t mix drink and Don’t mix drink and medicine or other drugsmedicine or other drugs

Don’t drink and driveDon’t drink and drive

Don’t force other people to Don’t force other people to drinkdrink

DrugsDrugs

DrugsDrugs

Any substance other than food which affects the Any substance other than food which affects the body.body.

Some drugs are very helpful if used correctly, Some drugs are very helpful if used correctly, preventing disease, curing disease, reducing preventing disease, curing disease, reducing pain.pain.

Follow doctors instructions, complete the course Follow doctors instructions, complete the course of medication, only give medicine to the person of medication, only give medicine to the person for which it’s prescribe.for which it’s prescribe.

Types of drugsTypes of drugs

Common drugsCommon drugs Controlled Controlled drugs drugs (prescription)(prescription)

Illegal drugsIllegal drugs

CaffeineCaffeine

Alcohol Alcohol

NicotineNicotine

Painkillers Painkillers (Panadol)(Panadol)

Sleeping pillsSleeping pills

TranquillisersTranquillisers

AntibioticsAntibiotics

EcstasyEcstasy

CannabisCannabis

CocaineCocaine

HeroinHeroin

Common drugsCommon drugs

nicotine

caffeine

alcohol painkillers

Controlled (prescription)Controlled (prescription)Sleeping pills

Anti-biotic

Tranquilisers

Illegal drugsIllegal drugs

Drug AbuseDrug Abuse

Drug abuse or misuse is using a drug for the Drug abuse or misuse is using a drug for the wrong purpose so it causes harm.wrong purpose so it causes harm.

Why do people abuse drugs?Why do people abuse drugs?

CuriosityCuriosity

For pleasureFor pleasure

To hide insecurities or forget problemsTo hide insecurities or forget problems

Peer pressurePeer pressure

Which drugs are abused?Which drugs are abused?

Painkillers – taking them when not neededPainkillers – taking them when not needed

Solvents – glue sniffingSolvents – glue sniffing

Controlled drugs – stolen and sold illegallyControlled drugs – stolen and sold illegally

Illegal drugs - cannabis, cocaine, ecstasyIllegal drugs - cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy

Effects of drug abuseEffects of drug abuse

Addiction and withdrawal symptomsAddiction and withdrawal symptoms

Health damaged – self neglectHealth damaged – self neglect

Tolerance growsTolerance grows

AIDSAIDS

Death – overdose, suicide, inhaling solvents, Death – overdose, suicide, inhaling solvents, disease.disease.

Crime increasesCrime increases

Hardship and heartbreak for family of addictsHardship and heartbreak for family of addicts

AddictionAddictionAddiction is dependence on a drug.Addiction is dependence on a drug.

2 types (i) Physical addiction (ii) Psychological 2 types (i) Physical addiction (ii) Psychological addiction.addiction.

Physical addiction: the body depends on the drug, Physical addiction: the body depends on the drug, without it they get withdrawal symptoms, cravings, without it they get withdrawal symptoms, cravings, cramps, sweating etc.cramps, sweating etc.

Psychological addiction: person relies on the drug to Psychological addiction: person relies on the drug to get them through the day, without it the feel tension, get them through the day, without it the feel tension, panic, paranoia etcpanic, paranoia etc

Addicts can suffer from one or both types.Addicts can suffer from one or both types.

Overcoming AddictionOvercoming Addiction

Physical addiction is worst and medical help is Physical addiction is worst and medical help is needed for the addict to withdraw from the drug needed for the addict to withdraw from the drug safely – drug treatment centresafely – drug treatment centrePsychological addiction is easier to overcome, if Psychological addiction is easier to overcome, if the addict decides to kick the habit they can be the addict decides to kick the habit they can be helped by friends, family counsellors to stay away helped by friends, family counsellors to stay away from the drug one day at a time.from the drug one day at a time.