Occupational Health Hazards - PEC · Three classes of occupational health hazards include _____. A....

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Occupational Health Hazards

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Occupational Health HazardsThree classes of occupational health hazards include1. Chemical hazards2. Biological hazards3. Physical hazards

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Chemical Hazards• Enter body through

– Inhalation– Absorption– Ingestion

• Inhalation is most common route• Many chemicals cannot be detected easily by the senses • To prevent exposure

– Practice proper hygiene– Wear PPE

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Chemical HazardsChemical hazards include• Sandblasting• Painting• Lead exposure• Compressed air• Benzene• Organic solvents• Carbon dioxide and nitrogen• Asbestos, fiberglass and manmade mineral fibers• Mercury• Methanol

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Biological Hazards • Naturally occurring substances • Sources

– Bacteria– Viruses– Fungi– Insects– Plants– Birds– Animals– Humans

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Biological Hazards • Exposure through

– Inhalation of dust or dander– Ingestion of contaminated food– Injected through animal bites or needle sticks

• Once inside the body they can cause– Infections– Allergies– Poisoning

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Biological Hazards • Be aware of site specific wildlife

– Poisonous plants– Venomous snakes

• Do not approach an animal • Be aware of insects that may cause anaphylactic shock

– Mosquitos– Ticks– Bees

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Biological Hazards Preventative measures• Properly storing food• Avoiding potentially contaminated animals• Washing hands and face • Reducing dust and aerosol levels • Proper PPE• Care when performing first aid• Avoiding contaminated items

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Physical Hazards Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM)• Found in formation material brought to surface by production

of oil and gas• Levels can be dangerously high and may cause cancer• Primarily inhalation or ingestion hazard• Protection includes

– Respirators and protective clothing– Site specific NORM training

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Adverse Weather Conditions

Lightning• Electrical discharge caused by

imbalance between positive and negative charges

• Can cause death• Follow company policies or local

response procedures • Shelter indoors or inside a vehicle

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Adverse Weather ConditionsLightning• Avoid areas that contain

– Water– High elevations– Metal objects– Open spaces

• Do not– Retreat under trees– Stand next to vehicles

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Tornadoes• Powerful events that can develop

quickly with little or no warning • Tornado watch

– Conditions are favorable• Tornado warning

– Tornado has been seen or has formed

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Adverse Weather ConditionsIndoors during tornado• Go to lowest floor • Use the stairs• Stay in the center room away from

windows• Go to a room with plenty of supports• Crouch down• Cover head with hands

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If there is an interior bathroom in the home, it is a good idea to hide inside a bathtub.


Adverse Weather ConditionsOutdoors during tornado• Find a sturdy building• Stay away from trees and vehicles• Life flat and face down• Crouch down and cover head with arms

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Adverse Weather ConditionsIn a vehicle during tornado• If the tornado is far away

– Drive at right angles away from tornado• If the tornado is close

– Follow outdoor procedures– Do not remain in vehicle

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Hurricanes• Produce strong winds and heavy

rain• Hurricane season is between

June 1st – November 30th

• Companies have hurricane contingency plans

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Adverse Weather ConditionsHurricanes• When a hurricane watch is issued

– Begin preparations immediately • When a hurricane warning is issued

– Follow the hurricane contingency plan for the facility – Follow any recommendations made by authorities– Heed all evacuation orders

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Adverse Weather ConditionsTsunamis• Wreak havoc on coastal

populations and landscapes• Plan an evacuation route• Know warning signs

– Rapid rising or falling coastal waters– Rumblings of earthquake

• Never stay near shore

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A tsunami is a series of waves. Do not return to an affected coastal area until it is safe.



Flooding• Make sure that you have a plan • Be aware of watches and warnings • Precautions include

– Preparing– Moving to higher ground– Evacuating if advised

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Earthquake preparation• Earthquake readiness plan• Locate a safe place in each

room• Keep supplies

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Adverse Weather ConditionsIf an earthquake occurs• Take cover under desk or table• Stay indoors until tremors stop• Stay away from furniture that can fall• Stay away from windows• Turn off your gas and water mains• If outdoors, find clear spot and drop to the ground• If in a car, stay in the car until shaking stops

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Occupational Health Hazards Quiz

July 2013 Safety Meeting

Name: Date:

INSTRUCTIONS: Sign and date this quiz sheet. Circle the letter representing the correct answer to each quiz question below.

QUIZ-SM-OCPHLTHHAZ

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1. Three classes of occupational health hazards include __________________.

A. Chemical hazards B. Biological hazards C. Physical hazards D. All of the above

2. Chemical hazards can enter the body through ______________, absorption and ingestion. A. Blood transmission B. Injection C. Inhalation D. None of the above

3. Chemical hazards include ______________. A. Sandblasting B. Painting C. Benzene D. All of the above

4. Biological hazards occur through naturally occurring substances. A. True B. False

5. Biological hazards may include all of the following, except _______________. A. Bacteria B. Viruses C. Sandblasting D. Insects

6. Insects that may cause anaphylactic shock include _______________. A. Mosquitos B. Ticks C. Bees D. All of the above

7. NORM stands for naturally occurring raw materials. A. True B. False

8. Tornadoes are powerful events that can develop quickly with little or no warning. A. True B. False

9. Flood precautions include ______________. A. Preparing B. Moving to higher ground C. Evacuating if advised D. All of the above

10. If an earthquake occurs, it is important to stay away from windows and furniture that can fall. A. True B. False

Occupational Health Hazards Answer Key

Below is the answer key for the quiz.

July 2013 Safety Meeting

KEY-SM-OCPHLTHHAZ

V.A.0.0

1. D

2. C

3. D

4. A

5. C

6. D

7. B

8. A

9. D

10. A

This is to certify that

has successfully completed thePEC Safety Meeting

Date AwardedInstructor

Occupational Health Hazards

Occupational Health Hazards - PEC · Three classes of occupational health hazards include _____. A....

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