Hardish Trivedi

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AUTO EXTRAVAGANZAAUTO EXTRAVAGANZA


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Historyofthe IC EngineHistoryofthe IC Engine

Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir- 1860

First Production IC Engine.

Nicolaus Otto- 1877

4 Strokeenginedesign patented.

Daimler/Maybach- 1882

Incorporated IC enginein automobile.


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Thomas Alva Edison withan electriccarin 1913


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NEWCOMEN ENGINENEWCOMEN ENGINE

This wasthefirstpractical

devicetoharnessthe

powerofsteamto

producemechanicalwork.

Thisdevice was

expensivetooperate,so

James Wattreplacedthis

engine whichisknown

as Watts Steamengine.


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DIESEL CYCLEDIESEL CYCLE

1-2 : IsentropicCompression

2-3 : Reversible ConstPressureHeating

3-4 : IsentropicExpansion

4-1 : Reversible ConstVolume Cooling


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OTTO CYCLEOTTO CYCLE

1-2 : Adiabatic Compression

2-3 : Isochoric Ignition Process

3-4 : Adiabatic Expansion

4-1 : Iscochoric Exhaust Process


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GROWTH OF AUTOMOBILESGROWTH OF AUTOMOBILES


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ENGINE CLASSIFICATIONENGINE CLASSIFICATION

1. Mechanical Constructiona) 4 Stroke

b) 2 Stroke

2. Bytypeofignitiona) Compression Ignition

Basicallydieselengines

Spark Ignition

BasicallyPetrol/LPG/CNG engines


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DIESEL ENGINEDIESEL ENGINE

Classification

a) Direct Injection engine Fuelisdirectly spread on thesystem

Highly fuelefficient Noisy

Easy coldstarting ability

a) Indirect Injection engine Fuelissprayed on toaseperate pre-

chamber. Less fuelefficient

Less Noisy/smoother

Requires pre-heating forstarting


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PETROL/LPG/CNG ENGINESPETROL/LPG/CNG ENGINES

1. Carburated EngineThe Petrol & airaremixedin the

carbureterbeforebeing sentin to

engine

2. Fuel Injected EngineThe Petrolisinjectedseperatelyand

thepetrolandairaremixedinsidethe

cylinder

Theyfurtherclassifiedas

1. Single/Multi PointFuel Injection

2. GasolineDirect Injection(GDI)


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CONVENTIONAL 4

STROKE ENGINE

PORT FUEL

INJECTOR ENGINE


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THERMAL EFFICIENCYTHERMAL EFFICIENCY

33.33%

INPUT OUTPUT

100% 33.33%

33.33%

TYPICAL

EFFICIENCIES

PETROL 25%

DIESEL IDI- 28-

ENGIN

EWORK

E

X

H

A

U

S

T

C

O

O

L

I

N

G

FUEL


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ROTARY ENGINEROTARY ENGINE

In apiston enginethe

samevolumeofspace

doesfourdifferent jobs(intake,compression,

combustion andexhaust).

A Rotaryenginedoesthesamefour jobsin

separatepartsofthe

housing.


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ENGINEENGINE

New triplerotor

enginein

developmentby

Mazda Corp.


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ENGINE MAKING OFFORDENGINE MAKING OFFORD


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CHASISCHASIS


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TYPES OF WHEEL DRIVETYPES OF WHEEL DRIVE

1. RearWheelDrive : Thissystem normallyusesatransmission.

2. Front WheelDrive :

Thissystemusestransaxle.

A transaxlecombinesthetransmission gearing,differential &

thedriveaxleconnectionsintoasinglecaselocatedatthe

frontofthevehicle.

3. FourWheelDrive: Itusestransmission & transfercase.

Thetransfercasesmountson thesideorthebackofthe

transmission.


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FRONT WHEEL DRIVEFRONT WHEEL DRIVE

IN 1930s

CURRENT


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REAR WHEEL DRIVEREAR WHEEL DRIVE

Benefits: Betterweightbalance

Betteracceleration

Betterroadholding

Betterstopping Betterrideandfeel

Betterserveciability


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SoSo WhyWhy dodo AutomakersAutomakers useausea

Front WheelDrive??Front WheelDrive??

TRACTION IN SNOW AND ICE

PACKAGING

COST

PASSENGER/TRUNK SPACE

DEMAND


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FOUR WHEEL DRIVEFOUR WHEEL DRIVE

FRONT ENGINE 4WD

REAR ENGINE 4WD


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A Lamborghini4 wheeldrivethatpowersthefrontviaaviscouscoupling ifthe

rearslips.


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SUSPENSIONSUSPENSION

Supension Absorbs Road

Shocks And Provids

Comfortable Ride The

Passengers

Classification:

1) Rigid Suspension

2) Independent Suspension

Components OfSuspension:1) Springs

2) Shocks Absorber

3) StabilizerBar


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A simpleMacPherson strut suspension on theleftfront wheelofarear-wheeldrivevehicle

Redsection = steering knuckle orhubcarrier

Bluesection = lower controlarm ortrackcontrolarm

Lightbluesection = steering geartierod

Lowerpurplesection = radiusrod

Upperpurple Section = coilspring

Yellow section = tubularhousing containing shockabsorberordamper


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STEERINGSTEERING

The Purpose OfThe

Steering Is To Change

TheDirection OfVehical

Movement, AsDesired

By TheDriver.

Steering Systems Can Be:

Manual Steering

PowerAssisted

Steering


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STEERINGSTEERING

Components OfSteering System

Steering GearBox

Steering Wheel Steering Inner/Outer Colums

Tie Rods

PowerSteering Pump

PowerSteering Reservoir PowerSteering Hoses/Pipes


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CLUTCHCLUTCH

Theclutchislocatedbetween

thetransmission

& engine where

itprovides

mechanical

coupling between

enginesfly-

wheel &

transmissions

inputshaft.


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CLUTCH SYSTEMCLUTCH SYSTEM

Thepurposeofclutchistotransmitthetorquefromtheenginetothetransmission line.

Components: Clutch Actuation Mechanism

Link Type Cable Type

Hydraulic Type

Clutch Cable

ClutchMasterCylinder Clutch Slave Cylinder

ReleaserBearing

Clutch Pressure Plate

ClutchDriven Plate


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GEAR BOXGEAR BOX

Itmodifies & transmitstorqueofenginetodrive

line

Thetransmission istheentireassemblythat

sitsbehindtheflywheelandclutch. The gearboxisreallyasubsetofthe

transmission.

Components:

Gearbox

Gearselection lever


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GEAR BOXGEAR BOX

Classification:

Stepped Transmission

Stepless Transmission (Usedin 2 wheelers)

Stepped Transmission can furtherbeclassified

as..

1. Manual Transmission

2. Automatic Transmission


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TRANSMISSION SYSTEMTRANSMISSION SYSTEM

CONSTANT MESH

SYNCHRO MESH


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MANUAL TRANSMISSION CLUTCH


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SIMPLE TRANSMISSIONSIMPLE TRANSMISSION

ANIMATIONANIMATION


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PROPELLOR SHAFTPROPELLOR SHAFT

Ittransmitstheenginetorquefrom gearboxtodifferential.

Classification:

Single PropellorShaft

Split PropellorShaft


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DIFFERENTIALDIFFERENTIAL

Itreceivestorquefromfear

box,modifies & transmitsitto

wheels,in aperpendicular

direction.

Italsoallowseach wheelto

rotateatdifferent

speeds,specially when

vechiletakesaturn.

Components:

Crown wheel/ Pinion

Differentialmechanism


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WORKING OFDIFFERENTIAL


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AXLEAXLE

Basedon wayin whichtheloadiscarried & the

torqueistransmitted, Axlecan beclassifiedas..

Semi-Floating Axle:Thevehicleloadas wellastorqueis

transmittedbyaxleshaft.

Full-Floating Axle:

Axleshafttransmitsthedrivetorqueonly.The

vehicleloadistaken upbyrearaxlehousing.


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AXLEAXLE


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BRAKESBRAKES

The Purpose OfThe Brakes Is To Slow Down OrStop

The Vehical AsDirected By TheDriver

Classification :

Hydraulic Brakes

Powerassisted Brakes

1) Vaccumassisted

2) Aircompressedassisted

AirBrakes( Usedin heavycommercialvehicles)


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DRUM BRAKE DISC BRAKE


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ABS SYSTEM


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WHEELSWHEELS

Wheelscarrytheload

ofthevehicle &

transmitthetorqueto

thetyres.

Components:

Axle Shaft

Wheel Spindle

Wheel Bearings


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TYRETYRE

Itspurposeistoprovideafrictionalinterface

withtheroadsothatthedrivetorquecan be

transmittedtoroadforvehiclemotion.

Classification:

1. Cross Ply (Bias ply) Tyres

2. Radial Ply Tyres


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TYRETYRE

In Crossplytyre,theinnerpliesrun atan angle

tothetyrecentreline.

In Radialplytyre,theinnerpliesrunperpendiculartotyrecenterline.

Radialtyreshavehavelow rolling resistance

andhencethefuelefficiencyofthevehicleimproves. Italsoprovidesthesofterridedueto

thesofterside walls.


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A cross-section ofatire.

Number12indicatestheradial-ply.

Numbers14and16arebias-plies.


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DRIVEDRIVE


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TOYOTA ETIOS


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SUZUKI KIZASHI CONCEPT CAR


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TOYOTAS HYDROGEN CONCEPT CAR


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A cockpit. An engine. Two wings. Isitstillacar?

MERCEDES SLS AMG


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A lookA lookintointo thefuture..thefuture..


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