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use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Relating International qualifications to the EQF – the Welding case

RAINBOW June 2017

GUIDELINE OF EWF METHODOLOGY FOR WRITING

THE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Project Ref.: ERASMUS + KA3: 576125-EPP-1-2015-1-BE-EPPKA3-TRANS-SQ

RAINBOW –Guideline of EWF Methodology for writing the Learning Outcomes ERASMUS + KA3: 576125-EPP-1-2015-1-BE-EPPKA3-TRANS-SQ

2

INDEX

Introduction .............................................................................................................. 4

The EWF Approach ................................................................................................. 5

EWF approach into practice ..................................................................................... 8

Example for Welding Coordinators’ Qualifications: EWE, EWT, EWS and EWP .... 15

TABLE INDEX

Table 1. QUALIFICATION DESCRIPTORS - Table with a general definition of the

Knowledge-K (“theoretical and factual” background), Skills-S (cognitive and practical

capabilities to apply) and Competences-C (autonomy and responsibilities) the

qualification will grant. The KSC descriptors used are in line with the EQF

qualification levels descriptors. ............................................................................................ 9

Table 2. COMPETENCE UNIT - The qualification is structured into Competence

Units that will provide a certain level of Knowledge, Skills and Competences to

perform tasks and responsibilities. The Performance Criteria describes the

(Knowledge, Skills and Competences) ............................................................................ 11

Table 3. MODULE - Describes the expected learning outcomes (knowledge and

skills), making the use of preferential active verbs......................................................... 13

Table 4.. Active Verbs - Additional verbs to be used according to the complexity of the

qualification and specific context. ......................................................................................... 14

Table 5. QUALIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION - General description of the European

Welding Engineer (EWE), European Welding Technologist (EWT), European

Welding Specialist (EWS) and the European Welding Practitioner (EWP)

qualifications according to the European Qualifications according to the EQF ......... 15

Table 6. QUALIFICATION COMPETENCE PROFILES - Professional standards vs

expected learning outcomes. The cross-reference table demonstrates the

relationship between the tasks and responsibilities of the professional profiles and

the learning outcomes to be achieved under each Competence Unit. ....................... 16


3

Table 7. COMPETENCE UNIT - Describes the performance criteria broke down

from the tasks and responsibilities presented in the previous table, which are

covered by the Competence Unit 4 – “Fabrication, Applications Engineering”. The

Competence Unit table also illustrates the expected learning outcomes for the

Competence Unit 4 according to the EQF level. ............................................................ 18

Table 8- REFERENCE TABLE FOR MODULE 4.1. ...................................................... 23

Table 9- Learning outcomes of Module 4.1. - Introduction to Quality Assurance in

Welded Fabrication. ............................................................................................................ 24

Table 10. Reference table for Module 4.2. ..................................................................... 27

Table 11. LEARNING OUTCOMES OF MODULE 4.2- Quality Control during

Manufacture.......................................................................................................................... 28

Table 12. REFERENCE TABLE FOR MODULE 4.3 .................................................... 33

Table 13. Learning outcomes of Module 4.3 – Residual Stress and Distortion. ........ 34


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Introduction

This document is intended to be a guideline for writing learning outcomes in the EWF

(European Federation for Welding, Joining and Cutting) existing and upcoming qualifications.

The International Education, Training, Qualification and Certification System managed by

EWF, is a harmonised scheme for the education, training and examination of personnel

involved in welding, joining and related technologies. The EWF system is used in 30 European

countries, covering all EU members, and has a worldwide recognition as International

qualification system.

The EWF system started in 1992 with the development of Guidelines for the higher level

(International Welding Engineer Qualification) and has since then been developed to

encompass all professional levels of welding.

The EWF Qualification and Certification system is an open system that ensures that any

person, anywhere in the world, has unrestricted access to education, training, qualification and

certification in welding and related technologies, in accordance with international standards,

(e.g. ISO, CEN, etc) for different professional Profiles.

At the moment, 46 countries are using the EWF/IIW qualifications and certifications, in a total

with 44 Authorised Nominated Bodies (ANBs), 683 Authorised Training Bodies (ATBs), and

26 Authorised National Bodies for Companies Certification (ANBCCs). The network also

includes 55.000 companies worldwide.

The envisioned action for EWF to embrace the shift into a Learning Outcomes (LOs) approach

is for enhancing the:

• EWF qualifications design;

• Design of teaching/learning units (e.g. modules);

• Assessment of standards;

• Quality assurance/ accreditation.

This document is divided into three sections, which are:

• EWF Approach;

• EWF Approach into practice;

• Example for Welding Coordinators’ Qualifications.


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The EWF Approach

The example that will be presented in the following pages was conceived to review the EWF’s

core and most mature qualifications, which are the “Welding Coordination”, fully described in

the guideline IAB-252r3-16 (issued by EWF/International Authorisation Board of the

International Institute of Welding). The guideline encompasses 4 different professional profiles

also referred in the international standards ISO 17431, which are the:

- European Welding Engineer (EWE);

- European Welding Technologist (EWT);

- European Welding Specialist (EWS);

- European Welding Practitioner (EWP).

The guideline is structured in 4 Competence Units composed by smaller learning units

(modules). The Competence Unit are the following:

1. Welding Processes and Equipment;

2. Materials and their Behaviour during Welding;

3. Construction and Design;

4. Fabrication, Applications Engineering.

Writing LOs for theses qualifications has been a quite challenging quest due to the:

- Absence of a common European guideline/format according to the European

Qualifications Framework (EQF);

- Good uptake by the EWF members of the welding coordinators guideline in force,

which has a specific syllabus structure;

- Guideline comprehends a wide scope of professional profiles and levels (EWE, EWT,

EWS, EWP);

- Most of the professional tasks and responsibilities are shared among the 4

professional profiles, being distinguished by the level of complexity of the welded

constructions (ranging from any type of construction to basic specific works), in which

these professionals are required to coordinate. See table 6.

- Most of the scope/topics and learning objectives are common to the 4 qualifications

(following-up on the previous statement). See tables 8, 10 and 12.


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The methodology developed has been based upon a research (trial path) build-up on the next

sequence of 15 steps:

1º - Self-declared assignment of EQF levels for the 4 qualification profiles, being the

EWE aligned to level 7, EWT to level 6, EWS to level 5 and EWP to level 4.

2º - Description of each qualification profile (based on professional standards and on

the EQF general descriptors). See table 6.

3º - Writing of the Action + Performance criteria + Competence Unit of LOs (having as

reference the tasks and responsibilities mentioned in ISO 14731).

4º - Writing different LOs at module level for each qualification, using specific verbs

and adverbs to distinguish the profiles (having as reference the revision of Blooms’

Taxonomy1).

5º - Updating the module level (whenever teaching hours and scope are the same,

the alignment is done having as reference the lowest level (e.g. EWE/EWT = EQF6;

EWS/EWP = EQF4). See rule in table 3.

6º - Revision of the LOs (same LOS for EWE/EWT = EQF6; EWS/EWP = EQF4).

7º - Estimation of student workload (WL) by welding experts and trainers.

8º - Allocation of European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training

(ECVET) points to the qualification, competence unit and to each module.

Figure 1 – 1 to 8 steps for assigning the EQF level to the qualifications

1 Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D.R. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: a Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy

of Educational Objectives. Abridged Edition: Boston, MA.


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9º - Revision of module level (majority of module levels/LOs determines the

qualification level).

10º - New revision of the LOs.


11º - Involvement of EWF experts in the revision and evaluation of the LOs (Working

Group and Technical Committee).

12º - Evaluation of the LOs by European experts in the EQF and the ECVET.

13º - Validation of the LOs by external independent organisations (National Authorities

and Industry).

14º - Validation of the LOs by EWF Working Group.

15º - Final version of the LOs.


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EWF approach into practice

A set of templates were designed to characterise the welding coordinators’ qualifications,

namely, Qualifications general description, the Competence Units and the respective Modules

and these templates are supported with detailed instructions on how to fill them in. It also

includes a list of preferential verbs to be used according to the complexity of the qualification

and specific context (table 3).


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Table 1. QUALIFICATION DESCRIPTORS - Table with a general definition of the Knowledge-K (“theoretical and factual” background), Skills-S (cognitive and practical capabilities to apply) and Autonomy and Responsibility -C (previously defined as Competences) the qualification will grant. The KSC descriptors used are in line with the EQF qualification levels descriptors.

QUALIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION

QUALIFICATION KNOWLEDGE SKILLS AUTONOMY AND RESPONSABILITY EQF

LEVEL WORKLOAD

(hours)

EUROPEAN WELDING ENGINEER

7

EUROPEAN WELDING TECHNOLOGIST

6

EUROPEAN WELDING SPECIALIST

5

Key-words: Highly specialised and forefront knowledge including original thinking, research and critical assessment.

Key-words: Highly specialised problem- solving skills including critical and original evaluation.

+ in complex and unpredictable

conditions.

Key-words: Manage and transform

+ in a highly complex context

+ Act as the full responsible person for the definition and

revision.

To be defined by training and

welding experts.

Key-words: Advanced knowledge

and critical understanding.

Key-words: Advanced problem-solving skills

including critical evaluation

+

in complex and unpredictable

conditions

Key-words: Manage

+ in a highly complex context

+ Act autonomously as the responsible person for the decision

making and the definition.

Key-words: Specialised, factual and theoretical knowledge.

Key-words: Specialised range of cognitive

and practical skills. +

in common/regular problems.

Key-words: Manage and supervise common or standard

+

in an unpredictable context

+

Take responsibility with limited autonomy for decision making in common or standard work.


welding experts.


welding experts.


10

EUROPEAN WELDING PRACTITIONER

.

4

Key-words: Fundamental factual and theoretical knowledge.

Key-words: Fundamental range of cognitive

and practical skills

+

in basic and specific problems.

Key-words: Self-manage within the guidelines of work

+

in a predictable context, but subject to change

+

Take responsibility without autonomy for decision making in basic work and supervise basic tasks.


welding experts.


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Table 2. COMPETENCE UNIT - The qualification is structured into Competence Units that will provide a certain level of Knowledge, Skills and Autonomy and Responsability to perform tasks and responsibilities. The Performance Criteria describes the (Knowledge, Skills and Autonomy and Responsibility)

COMPETENCE UNIT DESCRIPTION

QUALIFICATION

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

KNOWLEDGE SKILLS AUTONOMY AND RESPONSABILITY EQF

LEVEL

WORKLOAD

(Hours)


7

EUROPEAN WELDING

TECHNOLOGIST

6

EUROPEAN WELDING

SPECIALIST

5

Steps to be taken to master a professional action and that are linked to each Competence Unit.

Key-words: Highly specialised and forefront knowledge including original thinking, research and critical assessment.

Key-words: Highly specialised problem- solving skills including critical and original evaluation.

+ in complex and unpredictable

conditions.

Key-words: Manage and transform

+

in a highly complex context

+

Act as the full responsible person

for the definition and revision.

Key-words: Advanced knowledge

and critical understanding.

Key-words: Advanced problem-solving skills

including critical evaluation.

+

in complex and unpredictable

conditions.

Key-words: Manage

+

in a highly complex context

+

Act autonomously as the

responsible person for the

decision making and the

definition.

Key-words: Specialised, factual and theoretical knowledge.

Key-words: Specialised range of cognitive and

practical skills. +


Key-words: Manage and supervise common

or standard

+

in an unpredictable context

+

Take responsibility with limited autonomy for decision making in

common or standard work.

To be defined by

training and

welding experts.

To be defined by

training and

welding experts.

To be defined by

training and

welding experts.


12

EUROPEAN WELDING

PRACTITIONER

4

Key-words: Fundamental factual and theoretical knowledge.

Key-words: Fundamental range of cognitive and

practical skills

+

in basic and specific problems.

Key-words: Self-manage within the guidelines

of work

+

in a predictable context, but

subject to change

+

Take responsibility without autonomy for decision making in

basic work and supervise basic

tasks.

To be defined by

training and

welding experts.


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Table 3. MODULE - Describes the expected learning outcomes (knowledge and skills), making the use of preferential active verbs.

Qualification EQF Level

WL (hours)

KNOWLEDGE

SKILLS


6/7

EUROPEAN WELDING

TECHNOLOGIST 6

EUROPEAN WELDING

SPECIALIST 4/5

EUROPEAN WELDING

PRACTITIONER 4

*For additional verbs, please check table 6

Rule: Whenever the scope is common between the qualifications+ same teaching hours + common expected results = Same EQF level and same LOs. (E.g. EWE/EWT

= EQF6; EWS/EWP = EQF4). Whenever either the scope or teaching hours or expected results are different = Different EQF level and different LOs. (E.g. EWE =

EQ7; EWT = EQF6; EWS = EQF5; EWP = EQF4).

Remark: Skills and competences of a higher order might also be used for qualifications of lower levels, being not exclusively addressed for higher levels of qualification.

Complex mental operations can also occur at more basic levels, although related to more predictable and controlled situations/environments. This implies that the same

verbs / actions can be used in different profiles / EQF levels, nevertheless, it is expected that complex actions and deep though prevail at higher level.

Remark: Use only one active verb per statement.

Preferential verbs: Exemplify, compare, explain, infer, relate, produce, check, assess, criticise, judge, apply, make use, predict, discuss, solve, create, decide

+ add: in detail, critically

Preferential verbs: Exemplify, compare, explain, infer, interpret, relate produce, check, assess, criticise, judge, apply, make use, conclude, differentiate, adapt, decide

Preferential verbs: List, describe, classify, correspond, associate, identify, organise, check categorise, select, respond, choose

+ add: most common, simple / basic

Preferential verbs: Recognise, outline, recall, define, correspond, associate, identify,

check, organise, use, carry out, categorise, choose


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Table 4. ACTIVE VERBS - Additional verbs to be used according to the complexity of the qualification and specific context.

Table 4.. Active Verbs - Additional verbs to be used according to the complexity of the qualification and specific context.

Adapted from Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D.R. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: a Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Abridged Edition: Boston,

MA.

LOWER ORDER THINKING SKILLS HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS

REMEMBERING UNDERSTANDING APPLYING ANALYZING EVALUATING CREATING

Define Identify List Name Recall Recognise

Clarify Classify Compare Contrast Exemplify Explain

Illustrate

Infer Interpret Outline Relate Represent Summarise Translate

Carry out Choose Develop Execute Implement Make use of Plan Provide Respond Select Solve Use

Analyse Attribute

Categorise Differentiate Discriminate Distinguish Focus Integrate Organise Select

Assess Check Coordinate Criticise Decide Determine Evaluate Judge Monitor Predict Recommend Reflect Test

Adapt Assemble Combine Compile Create Design Develop Discuss Elaborate Generate Modify Plan Produce Solve Test

Remark: the selection of the action verb shall be made according to the complexity of the qualification level/profile & specific context.


15

Example for Welding Coordinators’ Qualifications: EWE, EWT, EWS and EWP

Table 5. QUALIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION - General description of the European Welding Engineer (EWE), European Welding Technologist (EWT), European Welding Specialist (EWS) and the European Welding Practitioner (EWP) qualifications according to the European Qualifications according to the EQF

QUALIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION

QUALIFICATION KNOWLEDGE SKILLS AUTONOMY AND RESPONSABILITY EQF LEVEL

WORKLOAD

(hours)


Highly specialised and forefront knowledge including original thinking,

research and critical assessment of theory, principles and applicability of

welding related technologies.

Highly specialised problem- solving skills including critical and original evaluation,

allowing to define or develop the best technical and economical solutions, when

applying welding processes and related technologies, in complex and

unpredictable conditions.

Manage and transform the welding processes and related technologies in a highly complex context.

Act as the full responsible person for the definition and revision of the welding and related personnel’s tasks.

7

EUROPEAN WELDING TECHNOLOGIST

Advanced knowledge and critical understanding of the theory,

principles and applicability of welding and related technologies.

Advanced problem-solving skills including critical evaluation, allowing to choose the

proper technical and economical solutions, when applying welding and related

technologies, in complex and unpredictable conditions.

Manage the applications of welding and related technologies in a highly complex context.

Act autonomously as the responsible person for the decision making and the definition of the welding and

related personnel’s tasks.

6

EUROPEAN WELDING SPECIALIST

Specialised, factual and theoretical knowledge

of the theory, principles and applicability of the welding and related

technologies.

Specialised range of cognitive and practical skills, allowing to develop solutions or

choose the appropriate methods, when applying welding and related technologies,


Manage and supervise common or standard welding applications and related technologies, in an

unpredictable context. Take responsibility with limited autonomy for decision making in common or standard work and supervise the

welding and related personnel’s tasks.

5

EUROPEAN WELDING PRACTITIONER

Fundamental factual and theoretical knowledge of the theory, principles and applicability of the welding and related

technologies.

Fundamental range of cognitive and practical skills required to identify/choose proper solutions, when applying welding

and related technologies, in basic and specific problems.

Self-manage within the guidelines of work, the applications of welding and related technologies, in a

predictable context, but subject to change. Take responsibility without autonomy for decision making in

basic work and supervise basic tasks of welding and related personnel.

4


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Table 6. QUALIFICATION COMPETENCE PROFILES - Professional standards vs expected learning outcomes. The cross-reference table demonstrates the

relationship between the tasks and responsibilities of the professional profiles and the learning outcomes to be achieved under each Competence Unit.

Note: The statements regarding the actions/achievements, is defined/developed by the EWF working group that is developing the qualification guideline, or they

can be redraw from a standard that defines the tasks and responsibilities, as example the ISO 17431.

Cross-reference table of professional standards vs expected learning outcomes

Profiles & Construction complexity

Tasks and responsibilities

Competence Units of Learning Outcomes

EWE EWT EWS EWP* 1 2 3 4

Any type of construction

Low level Regular and common

Basic specific works

Welding

processes and

equipment

Materials and their behaviour

during welding

Construction and design

Fabrication, applications engineering

x x x 1. Review contract requirements; x x x x x x x 2. Perform and technically review the construction; x x x x x x x 3. Specify requirements and assessment protocol of

subcontracting activities; x x x x

x x x x 4. Specify, supervise and manage welding personnel; Supervise and monitor welding personnel; *

x

x x x x 5. Specify, validate and manage the means and equipment, including the calibration, if needed; Understand and supervise the proper means and equipment needed for the construction; *

x x

x x x x 6. Specify, develop, validate and manage a production plan; Monitor and implement a production plan; *

x x x x

x x x x 7. Specify, develop, evaluate and manage the welding procedures needed; Understand and implement welding procedures needed for the construction; *

x x x

x x x x 8. Specify, develop, evaluate and manage welding procedure specifications; Understand and implement welding procedure specifications;*

x


17

x x x x 9. Specify, develop, evaluate and manage working instructions; Understand and implement working instructions; *

x x x

x x x x 10. Specify, validate and manage welding consumables; Monitor and supervise the proper use of welding consumables; *

x x x

x x x x 11. Specify, validate and manage base materials; Monitor and supervise the proper use of base materials; *

x x

x x x x 12. Specify, review, develop, evaluate, validate and manage an inspection testing plan; Understand, implement and monitor an inspection testing plan; *

x x

x x x x 13. Specify, develop, evaluate and manage post-weld heat treatments; Understand, implement, supervise and monitor post-weld heat treatments; *

x x

x x x x 14. Specify, review, develop, evaluate, validate and manage corrective actions to solve welded construction non-conformances; Implement, monitor and control corrective actions to solve welded construction non-conformances; *

x x x

x x x x 15. Specify, calibrate, evaluate, validate and manage measuring, inspection and testing equipment; Monitor the correct use of measuring, inspection and testing equipment;*

x x

x x x x 16. Specify, develop, evaluate, validate and manage processes of identification and traceability to be used in welding manufacturing; Understand, control and supervise processes of identification and traceability to be used in welding manufacturing; *

x

x x x x 17. Specify, develop, evaluate, validate and manage processes related to monitor and control of construction’s quality records; Collect, control, perform and supervise the processes related to monitor and control construction’s quality records. *

x

*The tasks marked with * are applicable only to the European Welding Practitioner (EWP), despite other are qualified to perform them as well.


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Table 7. COMPETENCE UNIT - Describes the performance criteria broke down from the tasks and responsibilities presented in the previous table, which are covered by the Competence Unit 4 – “Fabrication, Applications Engineering”. The Competence Unit table also illustrates the expected learning outcomes for the Competence Unit 4 according to the EQF level.

COMPETENCE UNIT DESCRIPTION

Competence Unit 4 – Fabrication, Applications Engineering

QUALIFICATION

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

KNOWLEDGE SKILLS AUTONOMY AND RESPONSABILITY

EQF LEVEL

WORKLOAD

(Hours)


1. - Review the product standard to be used, together with any supplementary requirements;

- Review the capability of the manufacturing organisation to meet the prescribed requirements;

2. - Review the parent material(s) specification and welded

joint properties; - Review the joint location with relation to the design

requirements; - Review the quality and acceptance requirements for welds; - The location, accessibility and sequence of welds, including

for inspection and non-destructive testing; - Consider other welding requirements;

- The dimensions and details of joint preparation and completed weld.

3. - Review the suitability of any subcontractor to comply with

the relevant clauses of ISO 3834; - Supervise and monitor the implementation of

subcontracting activities.

4.-Check the qualification of welders, welding operators, brazers and brazing operators certifications/approvals are in

conformance with contract requirements; - Specify and develop the needed certifications/approvals for

the welders, welding operators, brazers and brazing operators;

-Identify and manage personnel qualifications, needs and competences;

Highly specialised knowledge, original

thinking, research and critical assessment of

the principles and applicability concerning

the quality assurance and quality control

applied to welding and related technologies.

Highly specialised problem-solving skills,

including critical evaluation, allowing to define or develop the

best technical and economical solutions for quality assurance and quality control of

welded products in complex and unpredictable

conditions.

Manage and transform the

welding applications concerning the quality assurance and quality

control of welded products in a highly complex

context.

Act as the full responsible person for the definition of

the welding and related personnel’s tasks.

7

To be defined


19

EUROPEAN WELDING

TECHNOLOGIST

- Supervise and monitor welders, welding operators, brazers and brazing operators according to the manufacturing

planning.*

5. - Specify and validate the suitability of welding equipment; - Specify, validate and manage auxiliaries and equipment

supply, identification and handling; - Specify, validate and manage personal protective

equipment and other safety equipment, directly associated with the manufacturing process;

- Supervise the correct use of auxiliaries and equipment; * - Supervise the correct use of personal protective equipment

and other safety equipment, directly associated with the manufacturing process;*

- Conduct basic equipment maintenance;*

6.- Make reference to the appropriate procedure specifications for welding and allied processes;

- Make reference to the sequence in which the welds are to be made;

- Analyse environmental conditions; - Specify the allocation of competent personnel;

-Specify equipment for preheating and post-heat treatment, including temperature indicators;

- Develop, evaluate and manage the arrangement for any production test.

- Supervise the proper implementation of the welding procedure specifications and the welding sequence. *

- Implement the arrangement for any production test. *

7.- Specify and develop the method and range of qualification of welding procedures against the contract requirements.

- Evaluate and manage method and range of qualification of welding procedures against the contract requirements; - Implement welding procedures against the contract

requirements. *

8.- Specify and develop welding procedure specifications, taking into consideration the range of qualification of welding

procedures and the contract requirements; - Evaluate and manage welding procedure specifications,

taking into consideration the range of qualification of welding procedures and the contract requirements.

Advanced knowledge

and critical understanding of the

principles and applicability concerning

the quality assurance and quality control

applied to welding and related technologies.

Advanced problem-solving skills including

critical evaluation, allowing to choose the proper technical and economical solutions for quality assurance and quality control of

welded products in complex and unpredictable

conditions.

Manage the applications concerning the quality assurance and quality

control of welded products in a highly complex

context.

Act autonomously as the responsible person for

decision making and the definition of the welding and related personnel’s

tasks.

6

To be defined


20

EUROPEAN WELDING

SPECIALIST

- Implement welding procedure specifications, taking into consideration the range of qualification of welding

procedures and the contract requirements.*

9.- Develop and issue work instructions; - Evaluate and manage work instructions.

- Implement work instructions. *

10. – Specify, develop and validate the compatibility of the welding consumables;

- Specify, develop and validate the delivery conditions of the welding consumables;

- Specify and develop any supplementary requirements in the

welding material purchasing specifications;

- Develop working instructions dealing with the storage and

handling welding consumables; - Develop working instructions to perform batch testing; - Supervise the use in the construction of proper welding

consumables and handling.* - Monitor the needed actions to ensure the traceability. *

11.- Specify and develop any supplementary requirements in

the material purchasing specifications; - Specify and develop the type of inspection document for the

material; - Specify the weldability of the materials to be used;

- Develop working instructions dealing with the storage and handling of parent material;

- Ensure the traceability of the material and documentation. - Supervise the use in the construction of proper base

materials and handling. * - Monitor the needed actions to ensure the traceability. *

12. Inspection and testing before welding:

- Assess the suitability and validity of welders’ and welding operators’ certificates;

- Assess the suitability of the welding procedure specification; - Check the quality/classification of the parent material;*

- Check the quality/classification of welding consumables;* - Verify joint preparation fit-up, jigging and tacking;*

Specialised, factual and theoretical knowledge of

the theory, principles and applicability

concerning the quality assurance and quality

control applied to welding and related

technologies.

Specialised range of cognitive and practical

skills, allowing to develop solutions or

choose the appropriate methods for quality assurance and quality control of welded products on

common/regular problems.

Manage and supervise common or standard

applications concerning the quality assurance and quality control of welded

products in an unpredictable context.

Take responsibility with

limited autonomy for decision making in

common or standard work and supervise the welding

and related personnel’s tasks.

5

To be defined


21

EUROPEAN

WELDING

PRACTITIONER

- Check any special requirements in the welding procedure specification;*

- Check the suitability of working and environmental conditions. *

Inspection and testing during welding:

- Check the welding parameters (e.g. welding current, arc voltage and travel speed);*

- Check the preheating/interpass temperature; * - Check the cleaning and shape of runs and layers of weld

metal; * - Check back gouging; *

- Verify the welding sequence; * - Verify the correct use and handling of welding consumables;

* - Verify the control of distortion;

- Conduct any intermediate examination (e.g. checking dimensions); *

Inspection and testing after welding:

- Monitoring the implementation of non-destructive testing; - Monitoring the implementation of destructive testing;

- Evaluate and check the results and records of post-operations (e.g. post-weld heat treatment, ageing);

- Perform visual inspection; * - Check the shape, tolerance and dimensions of the

construction; *

13. - Specify and develop the post-weld heat treatment in accordance with the specification;

- Evaluate and manage heat treatments in accordance with the specification;

- Implement and monitor heat treatments in accordance with the specification.*

14. – Specify and develop non-conformance measures;

- Specify and develop corrective actions (e.g. weld repairs, re-assessment of repaired welds, corrective actions);

- Evaluate and manage non-conformance measures and respective corrective actions;

- Implement and monitor corrective actions.*

Fundamental factual and theoretical knowledge concerning the quality assurance and quality

control applied to welding and related

technologies.

Fundamental range of cognitive and practical

skills required to identify/choose the proper solutions for

quality assurance and quality control of welded products

on basic and specific problems.

Self-manage within the guidelines of work, the applications concerning quality assurance and

quality control of welded products usually

predictable but subject to change.

Take responsibility without

autonomy for decision-making in basic work and supervise basic tasks of

welding and related personnel.

4


22

15. – Specify and develop the methods and actions to calibrate and/or validate the measuring, inspection and

testing equipment; - Evaluate and manage the measuring, inspection and testing

equipment that are calibrated and/or validated; - Verify the proper use of the calibrated and validated

measuring, inspection and testing equipment. *

16. – Identify the production plans;* - Identify the routing cards; *

- Identify the weld locations in construction;* - Identify the non-destructive testing procedures and

personnel; * - Identify the welding consumable (e.g. designation, trade

name, manufacturing organisation of consumables and batch or cast numbers); *

- Identify the location of repairs; * - Identify the location of temporary attachments; *

- Trace fully mechanised and automatic welding units to specific welds; *

- Trace welder and welding operators to specific welds; * - Trace of welding procedure specifications to specific welds.

*

17. – Define, specify and prepare the necessary quality records according to ISO 3834 – series of standards;

- Monitoring and manage the necessary quality records; - Maintain the necessary quality records. *

- Compile the necessary quality records according to ISO 3834 - series of standards.*

*The performance criteria marked with * are applicable only to the European Welding Practitioner (EWP), despite other are qualified to perform them as well.


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Within a myriad of modules to be presented, the selected ones in Competence Unit 4 – “Fabrication, Applications, Engineering” were the 4.1 –

“Introduction to Quality Assurance in Welded Fabrication”, 4.2 – “Quality Control during Manufacturing” and 4.3 - “Residual Stress and Distortion”, so that it

would be possible to evidence the 3 possible scenarios concerning the methodology:

1. Same scope, same learning objectives and same teaching hours for different profiles (EWE and EWT) – Module 4.1.

2. Majority of the scope mutual to all profiles, different learning objectives and different teaching hours – Module 4.2.

3. Same scope, same learning objectives and same teaching hours for different profiles (EWS and EWP) – Module 4.3.

Please note that the tables coloured in grey are withdrawal from the current guideline into force (IAB-252r3-16) and are the reference data to make the revision

until a revised guideline is issued (with learning outcomes).

Table 8- REFERENCE TABLE FOR MODULE 4.1.

4.1 INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY ASSURANCE IN WELDED FABRICATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Objective for IWE/IWT: Understand in detail the principles of quality assurance and quality control, the related standards and their application to welded fabrication as a special process Objective for IWS: Gain basic knowledge of the principles of quality assurance and quality control and recognise the related standards and their application to welded fabrication as a special process. Objective for IWP: Have an outline working knowledge of the principles of quality assurance and quality control and recognise the related standards and their application to welded fabrication as a special process.

QUALIFICATION EWE EWT EWS EWP

TEACHING HOURS 8 8 4 2

SCOPE

Concept of quality assurance and quality control (including analysis, continuous improvement) X X X X

Weldability ISO/TR 581 X X − − Testing and Inspection Plan (the goal, content and sources to develop it) X X X X

Audit of plant X X X -

Personnel and Equipment X X X X

Maintenance X X X X

Inspection X X X X


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Activities of the welding engineer/technologist/specialist/practitioner in the different functions in industry (ISO 14731) X X X x

Standards (ISO 9000, ISO 3834, national and international standards) Development of quality plans - ISO 10005) X X X -

Software (overview, availability, demonstration, use) X X X -

Table 9- Learning outcomes of Module 4.1. - Introduction to Quality Assurance in Welded Fabrication.

Module 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY ASSURANCE IN WELDED FABRICATION – learning outcomes

QUALIFICATION EQF LEVEL

WORKLOAD

hours

KNOWLEDGE

SKILLS

EWE/EWT

6

To be defined

Advanced knowledge on: Concept of quality assurance and quality control (including analysis, continuous improvement)

General principles of Weldability (ISO/TR 581) Testing and Inspection Plan (the goal, content and sources to develop it)

Audit of plant Personnel and Equipment

Maintenance Inspection

Activities of the welding engineer/technologist/specialist/practitioner in the different functions in industry (ISO 14731)

Analyse the principles of quality assurance, quality control and inspection systems applied to welded fabrication. Define the essential elements of quality control procedures and quality plans for welded fabrication. Explain the relationships between essential elements of quality control procedures and quality plans with welded fabrication quality requirements. Predict how the audit plant outcomes relate to welded fabrication quality requirements. Illustrate how each audit principle can affect the reliability of the quality results.


25

Quality Standards (ISO 9001, ISO 3834, national and international standards)

Development of quality plans - ISO 10005) Software applicability (overview, availability, demonstration, use)

Compare the impacts of quality results on welded fabrication requirements. Compare the personnel and equipment factors that have a major effect on welded fabrication quality. Relate the quality assurance tasks of the welding coordinator responsible for welded fabrication/manufacture with their impact on weld quality. Assess quality assurance, quality control and inspections systems to determine particular quality outcomes in welded fabrication. Develop elements of quality control procedures and quality plans to determine a given welded fabrication quality requirements. Interpret relevant standards (e.g. ISO 9001, and ISO 3834).

EWS

5

To be defined

Specialised knowledge on: Concept of quality assurance and quality control (including analysis, continuous improvement) Testing and Inspection Plan (the goal, content and sources to develop it) Workshop/plant audit Personnel and Equipment Maintenance Inspection

Distinguish quality assurance, quality control and inspection systems, including their usage in welded fabrication. Describe the influence of personnel and equipment in the quality of the welded fabrication. Explain the role of the Welding Specialist in the fabrication industry. Demonstrate effective writing of quality control procedures.

Demonstrate appropriate use of quality standards (e.g. ISO 9001, and ISO 3834).


26

Activities of the welding engineer/technologist/specialist/practitioner in the different functions in industry (ISO 14731) Quality Standards (ISO 9001, ISO 3834, national and international standards)

Development of quality plans - ISO 10005) Software applicability (overview, availability, demonstration, use)

EWP

4

To be defined

Fundamental knowledge on: Concept of quality assurance and quality control (including analysis, continuous improvement) Testing and Inspection Plan (the goal, content and sources to develop it) Personnel and Equipment Maintenance Inspection Activities of the welding engineer/technologist/specialist/practitioner in the different functions in industry (ISO 14731)

Identify the goals and the differences of quality assurance and quality control quality to the own practice and work. Outline the most common factors related to personnel and equipment, which influence the quality of a welded construction. Identify the role of the Welding Practitioner in the fabrication industry. Use quality control procedures and instructions. Demonstrate basic capability to use standards.


27

Table 10. Reference table for Module 4.2.

4.2 UALITY CONTROL DURING MANUFACTURE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Objective for IWE: Understand in detail the requirements and function of Quality Control during manufacture, the standards related to brazing and welding operators and brazing and welding procedure qualification including joint traceability methods, the need for calibration, and monitoring of process parameters. Objective for IWT: Understand the requirements and function of Quality Control during manufacture, the standards related to brazing and welding operators and brazing and welding procedure qualification including joint traceability methods, the need for calibration, and monitoring of process parameters Objective for IWS: Gain basic knowledge of the requirements and function of Quality Control during manufacture, the standards related to brazing and welding operators and brazing and welding procedure qualification including joint traceability methods, the need for calibration, and monitoring of process parameters. Objective for IWP: Have an outline working knowledge of the requirements and function of Quality Control during manufacture, the standards related to brazing and welding operators and brazing and welding procedure qualification including joint traceability methods, the need for calibration, and monitoring of process parameters.



SCOPE

Advantages to the quality of brazed and welded constructions X X X X

Brazing and Welding sequence X X X -

Welding coordination and inspection personnel; qualification tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731, ISO 9712, CEN and National standards) X X X X

Brazer and Welder Approval /Qualification and Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification - Introduction/Overview X X X X

Brazer and Welder Approval/Qualification (ISO 9606, CEN and National Standards) X X X X

Brazing and Welding Procedure Specification – The goal, how to create and develop (ISO 15607 and 15609, CEN and National Standards) X X X X

Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification (ISO 15610, 156111, 15612, 15613 and 15614), CEN and National standards) X X X X


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Brazing and Welding Operator Qualification (ISO 14732, CEN and National Standards) X X X X

Traceability (materials identification, welder/operator, procedures, certificates) X X X -

Table 11. LEARNING OUTCOMES OF MODULE 4.2- Quality Control during Manufacture

Module 4.2 QUALITY CONTROL DURING MANUFACTURE – learning outcomes


WORKLOAD

hours

KNOWLEDGE

SKILLS

EWE

7

To be defined

Highly specialised knowledge on: Quality of brazed and welded constructions advantages Brazing and Welding sequence Welding coordination and inspection personnel; qualification tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731, ISO 9712, CEN and National standards) Brazer and Welder Approval /Qualification and Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification - Introduction/Overview Brazer and Welder Approval/Qualification (ISO 9606, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Specification – The goal, how to create and develop (ISO 15607 and 15609, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification (ISO 15610, 156111, 15612, 15613 and 15614), CEN and National standards)

Discuss in detail the relationship between the essential elements of a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) / Welding Procedure Qualification Record (WPQR) / Preliminary Welding Procedure Specification (pWPS) and the welded fabrication quality requirements. Evaluate critically the compliance of the WPSs for welded components with the requirements of relevant national and international standards.

Interpret critically the requirements of relevant standards for the qualification of a WPS. Determine critically he main variables for a particular WPS qualification and its range of qualification. Assess critically a welder qualification against the welded fabrication quality requirements


29

Brazing and Welding Operator Qualification (ISO 14732, CEN and National Standards) General principals of traceability (materials identification, welder/operator, procedures, certificates)

Assess critically a welding operator qualification against the welded fabrication quality requirements. Determine in detail the welding control tasks of the welding coordinator and their impact on a welded fabrication/manufacture. Determine in detail the welding control tasks of welding inspectors and their impact on a welded fabrication/manufacture. Interpret critically the requirements of relevant standards for welder qualification. Determine critically the main variables for a particular welder qualification and its range of qualification. Interpret critically he requirements of relevant standards for welder qualification.

Determine critically the main variables for a particular welder qualification and its range of qualification. Interpret critically the requirements of relevant standards for material traceability. Define the essential content of welding materials procedures and certificates.

Advanced knowledge on: Quality of brazed and welded constructions advantages Brazing and Welding sequence Welding coordination and inspection personnel; qualification tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731, ISO 9712, CEN and National standards)

Explain the relationship between the essential elements of WPS/WPQR/pWPS and the welded fabrication quality requirements. Appraise WPSs for welded compliance with the requirements of relevant national and international standards.


30

EWT

6

To be defined

Brazer and Welder Approval /Qualification and Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification - Introduction/Overview Brazer and Welder Approval/Qualification (ISO 9606, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Specification – The goal, how to create and develop (ISO 15607 and 15609, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification (ISO 15610, 156111, 15612, 15613 and 15614), CEN and National standards) Brazing and Welding Operator Qualification (ISO 14732, CEN and National Standards) General principals of traceability (materials identification, welder/operator, procedures, certificates)

Interpret the requirements of relevant standards for the qualification of a WPS. Determine the main variables for a particular WPS qualification and its range of qualification. Explain the purpose of a welder qualification against the welded fabrication quality requirements. Explain the purpose of a welding operator qualification against the welded fabrication quality requirements. Explain the welding control tasks of the welding coordinator responsible for welded fabrication/manufacture. Explain the welding control tasks of welding inspectors. Interpret the requirements of relevant standards for welder qualification. Determine the main variables for a particular welder qualification and its range of qualification. Interpret the requirements of relevant standards for welder qualification. Determine the main variables for a particular welder qualification and its range of qualification. Interpret the requirements of relevant standards for material traceability. Define the essential content of welding materials procedures and certificates.

Specialised knowledge on:


31

EWS

5

To be defined

Quality of brazed and welded constructions advantages Brazing and Welding sequence Welding coordination and inspection personnel; qualification tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731, ISO 9712, CEN and National standards) Brazer and Welder Approval /Qualification and Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification - Introduction/Overview Brazer and Welder Approval/Qualification (ISO 9606, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Specification – The goal, how to create and develop (ISO 15607 and 15609, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding: - Procedure Qualification (ISO 15610, 156111, 15612, 15613 and 15614), CEN and National standards) Brazing and Welding Operator Qualification (ISO 14732, CEN and National Standards) General principals of traceability (materials identification, welder/operator, procedures, certificates)

Relate the main purposes of a WPS/WPQR/pWPS to the advantages for the quality of welded fabrication. Relate the main purposes of welder qualification to the advantages for the quality of welded fabrication. Relate the purpose of a welding operator qualification to the main advantages for the quality of welded fabrication. Compile WPSs for welded components in accordance with national and international standards.

Demonstrate appropriate use of the standards for the qualification of a WPS.

List the main variables for a particular WPS qualification and its range of qualification in accordance with National and/or International standards. Demonstrate appropriate use of the standards for welder qualification List the main variables for a particular welder qualification and its range of qualification. Demonstrate the appropriate use of the standards for welding operator qualification. List the main variables for a particular welding operator qualification and its range of qualification. Give examples of traceability requirements for materials procedures and certificates.

Advanced knowledge on:


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EWP

4

To be defined.

Quality of brazed and welded constructions advantages Welding coordination and inspection personnel; qualification tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731, ISO 9712, CEN and National standards) Brazer and Welder Approval /Qualification and Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification - Introduction/Overview Brazer and Welder Approval/Qualification (ISO 9606, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Specification – The goal, how to create and develop (ISO 15607 and 15609, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification (ISO 15610, 156111, 15612, 15613 and 15614), CEN and National standards) Brazing and Welding Operator Qualification (ISO 14732, CEN and National Standards)

Outline the purpose of WPS and of welder qualification, pointing out the most common advantages to the quality of the welded construction. Recognise the main purpose of WPS/WPQR/pWS, relating them to their advantages to the quality of welded fabrication. Recognise the main purposes of welder, brazer and welding operator qualification, relating them to the main advantages to the quality of welded fabrication. Outline the most common ISO standards used for welder, brazer and welding operators qualification. Outline the welding procedures specifications and the main features for each purpose. Check the main variables for a certain WPS qualification and its range of approval. Check the main variables for a certain welder, welding operator qualification and its range of approval.


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Table 12. REFERENCE TABLE FOR MODULE 4.3

4.3 RESIDUAL STRESSES AND DISTORTION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Objective for IWE: Understand in detail the main factors affecting welding stress and distortion in welded fabrications and how these effects can be measured and minimised. Objective for IWT: Understand the main factors affecting welding stress and distortion in welded fabrications and how these effects can be measured and minimised. Objective for IWS and IWP: Gain basic knowledge of the main factors affecting welding stress and distortion in welded fabrications and how these effects can be measured and minimised



SCOPE

Influencing factors X X X X

Thermal data of the materials X X − −

Origin of the residual stresses and deformation X X X X

Magnitude of longitudinal and transverse shrinkage stresses X X X

Distribution of the residual stresses at weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) X X X X

Relationship between heat input, shrinkage stresses and distortion X X X X

Methods of residual stress measurement X X - -

Welding sequence techniques X X X X

Effects of residual stresses on the behaviour of the structure in service….. X X X

X

Methods of reducing residual stresses or distortion X X X X

Examples to prevent and control of distortion X X X X

Weld straightening, correction and removal of welding deformation (pressing, rolling, local heating, etc.) X X X X


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Table 13. Learning outcomes of Module 4.3 – Residual Stress and Distortion.

Module 4.3 RESIDUAL STRESSES AND DISTORTION – learning outcomes


WORKLOAD hours

KNOWLEDGE

SKILLS

EWE

7

To be filled in

Highly specialised knowledge on: Influencing factors Thermal data of the materials Origin of the residual stresses and deformation Magnitude of longitudinal and transverse shrinkage stresses Distribution of the residual stresses at weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Relationship between heat input, shrinkage stresses and distortion Relationship between heat input, shrinkage stresses and distortion Welding sequence techniques Effects of residual stresses on the behaviour of the structure in service Methods used for reducing residual stresses or distortion Prevention and control of distortion Weld straightening, correction and removal of welding deformation (pressing, rolling, local heating, etc.)

Explain critically the origin of influencing factors of residual stress and their relationships with distortion and geometrical requirements of welded fabrication. Explain critically the relationship between the material at a certain temperature and its mechanical characteristics, as well as their effect on the performance and quality of welded fabrication. Discuss critically about the methods used for minimising residual stress, relating which welding variables need to be manipulated to achieve particular results.

Determine the magnitude of residual stress and distortion in welded fabrications Predict the distribution of residual stresses in a weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Predict, quantitatively, the contraction and distortion in joints and structures. Predict how residual stresses may affect the behaviour of a structure in service.


35

EWT

6

To be filled in

Advanced knowledge on: Influencing factors Thermal data of the materials Origin of the residual stresses and deformation Magnitude of longitudinal and transverse shrinkage stresses Distribution of the residual stresses at weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Relationship between heat input, shrinkage stresses and distortion Relationship between heat input, shrinkage stresses and distortion Welding sequence techniques Effects of residual stresses on the behaviour of the structure in service Methods used for reducing residual stresses or distortion Prevention and control of distortion Weld straightening, correction and removal of welding deformation (pressing, rolling, local heating, etc.)

Explain the origin of the influencing factors of residual stress and their relationships with distortion and geometrical requirements of welded fabrication. Explain the relationship between the material at a certain temperature and its mechanical characteristics, as well as their effect on the performance and quality of welded fabrication. Compare methods used for minimising residual stress. Explain which welding variables need to be manipulated to achieve particular results.

Calculate the magnitude of residual stress and distortion in welded fabrications Calculate distribution of residual stresses in a weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Calculate quantitatively, the contraction and distortion in joints and structures. Calculate how residual stresses may affect the behaviour of a structure in service.

Fundamental knowledge on: Influencing factors


36

EWS/EWP

4 To be filled in Origin of the residual stresses and deformation Magnitude of longitudinal and transverse shrinkage stresses Distribution of the residual stresses at weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Methods of residual stress measurement Welding sequence techniques Effects of residual stresses on the behaviour of the structure in service Methods used for reducing residual stresses or distortion Prevent and control of distortion Weld straightening, correction and removal of welding deformation (pressing, rolling, local heating, etc.)

Outline the origin and influencing factors of residual stress and distortion in welded fabrications. Identify the relationship between the material at a certain temperature and its most relevant mechanical characteristics. Outline the distribution of the residual stresses at weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Identify the most common contraction and distortion in joints and structures Outline the residual stresses effect on the behaviour of a simple structure in service. Demonstrate a basic use of procedures to minimise distortion and stress.

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