Green Infrastructure for a Smart Cityactrees.org/files/Research/sgrowth213c.pdf · Green...
Transcript of Green Infrastructure for a Smart Cityactrees.org/files/Research/sgrowth213c.pdf · Green...
Open Space Seattle 2100Green Infrastructure for a Smart City
Nancy D. Rottle, RLA, ASLA, Associate Professor
Brice Maryman, ASLA, LEED AP, Lecturer
Co-directors, Open Space Seattle 2100
New Partners for Smart Growth | Washington, D. C.February 9, 2007
Population Growth and Preservation of Regional Resources
Cascade Agenda by the Cascade Land Conservancy
Peak Oil
Global Climate Change
Image from NASA
Human Health
The Solution?
Green Urbanism • Eco-Urbanism • Sustainable Urbanism
A New Urban Agenda
“In Livable Cities Lies the Preservation of the World”- Mike Houck, Urban Greenspace Institute
A New Urban Agenda
Social Equity
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White Latino Asian AfricanAmerican
Racial/Ethnic Neighborhood Status & Access to Parks in Los Angeles: Park Acres per 1,000 PopulationWolch, J. [et al] . Parks and Park Funding in Los Angeles: An Equity Mapping Analysis. Urban Geography. 2005. 26, 1.
Re-connecting to Nature
A New Urban Agenda
Density
+
Amenities
=
Sustainability
Case Study: Open Space Seattle 2100Green Infrastructure Planning from the Grassroots
Without:
• Client• Funding• Program• Constituency
City of Seattle Context
Photo by Sarah Durkee
Population: 575,000 (x2 in coming century)
Intense land development pressure within constrained boundaries
Last Comprehensive Open Space Plan 1908
Seattle’s Olmsted Plan Legacy
Open Space Seattle 2100
Open Space Seattle 2100 was a collaborative design and planning process established to create a context where students, civic leaders and the public formulated a cohesive community vision for Seattle’s comprehensive open space network.
Lessons from Open Space Seattle 2100:7 Steps to Effective Urban Green Infrastructure Planning
1. Gather your Resources
2. Establish Goals
3. Inform Participants
4. Engage the Public
5. Formalize the Vision
6. Craft a Strategy
7. Implement Actions
1. Gather your resources.
• Who are the people, places, organizations and agencies that that are your allies?
• Build a coalition.
• What other resources can be brought to bear (University partnerships, other initiatives, etc)
• Who might oppose what you are doing? Talk to them early. Explain why green infrastructure benefits them.
Urban Land InstituteUniversity of WashingtonCity of SeattleAmerican Society of Landscape Architects-National and WA GGLOFriends of Seattle's Olmsted ParksJones & Jones Architects and Landscape ArchitectsMthun Architects, Landscape Architects and PlannersAnchor EnvironmentalGroundswell NorthwestSeattle Department of Planning and DevelopmentSeattle Department of Parks and RecreationWeisman Design GroupIBI GroupKookHyun Moon + Ki-Ho KimP-Patch AllianceUrban Health InitiativeAllied Arts of Seattle
Cascade Land Conservancy Washington Chapter APAThe Berger PartnershipCascade Design CollaborativeGregory Broderick SmithUrban VisionsMakers Architecture and Urban DesignCharles Anderson Landscape ArchitectureEDAWHeartland LLCSwift and CompanyCascade Land ConservancyParks and Open Space Advocates Seattle Parks FoundationSustainable SeattleThe Sierra ClubPeople for Puget SoundFeetFirstSeattle Public Utilities
Our ResourcesBicycle Alliance of WashingtonPomegranate CenterTrust for Public LandMountains to Sound GreenwaySeattle Urban Nature ProjectSeattle Audubon SocietyPeople's Waterfront CoalitionSeattle GreenmapRavenna Creek AllianceThornton Creek AllianceSeattle Community Council Federation Greenwood Community CouncilCity of SeattleSeattle Department of TransportationSeattle Department of NeighborhoodsOffice of Sustainability and the EnvironmentKing County Public Health
University of Washington students: • Research• GIS base mapping• Charrette team co-leadership• Charrette follow-up
Our Salvation
Estuary with 500+ miles of waterfront
• serves 7,381,000 people
• 52,938 acres (26.6% of city)
• 7.17acres per 1000 people
• $41 per person
NYC Open Space Stats:Key Components
• Central Park• Prospect Park• Battery City Park• Waterfront Park System• Gateway National
Recreation Area• Van Cortland Park
• parkways• bike and greenway
system (350 miles)• waterfront park system• river corridors
• includes 700 vacant lots transformed into gardens(112 – TPL)(36 – NYC Parks)
ANCHORS
CONNECTIONS
NEIGHBORHOODS
New York City
Open Space System
NEW YORK NY
Open Space Seattle 2100 Goal:
To create an integrated Open Space Plan with implementation strategies for Seattle’s next hundred years, which will enhance the health and well-being of both our cultural and natural environments.
This vision of a regenerative green infrastructure will strive to create a healthy, beautiful Seattle while maximizing our economic, social and ecological sustainability.
2. Establish Goals
A plan that is:• Regionally Responsive• Integrated and Multi-functional• Equitable and Accessible• Connectivity/Coherence• Quality, Beauty, Identity and Rootedness• Ecological Function and Integrity• Health and Safety• Feasible, Flexible and Promoting Stewardship
Establish Goals: Open Space Principles
Watershed-based Open Space
Planning:
Weaving natural threads through our vibrant social fabric
Opportunities for greater social equity
Emphasizes natural systems
Connects our civic culture to regional eco-system health
Scale provides opportunity for connections
As a coalition, we placed our faith in the people who use the green spaces of the city.
When given the opportunity, ourcommunities can produce extraordinarily innovative ideas that can provide new ways to think about our collective infrastructure.
3. Educate and Inspire Participants
3. Educate and Inspire Participants
Bring in outside expertise
- to raise the level of discourse
- to use other communities as models
Lecture Series• Mike Houck Portland Urban Greenspaces Institute
• Mark Childs, University of New Mexico
• Robert Garcia Los Angeles City Project
• Patrick Condon, Design Center for Sustainability, UBC
Technical PanelLocal experts on transportation, wildlife, water quality, parks, and real estate development
Future scenarios:– Population growth– Demographic change– Climate and sea level conditions– New resource conditions (e.g.oil)
3. Educate and Inspire Participants
The charrette challenge:
“improbable solutions to impossible problems in an impossibly short amount of time” - Patrick Condon
Green Futures Toolkit, on OSS2100 website:
- www.open2100.org
4. Actively Engage the Public
Photo by Hartson Photography
Green Futures Charrette2 days | 350 people | a lot of paper | fun | brillianceRole of local professional and student leaders
• Plans for each study area drawn in GIS• Students further developed prototypes and
sites• Evaluated plan benefits
5. Formalize the Vision
5. Formalize the Vision: 20 and 100-year Green Infrastructure Plans
2025 2100
5. Formalize the Vision
Using the materials generated from the charrette process
• What are the common themes?
• Where is the core message for advocacy?
• What are priorities and ideas for implementation?
• Ecological Open Space
• Access + Use
The Living Lattice: A Network of Neighborsheds
• Density + Community
• Integrated, Connected Green Infrastructure
The Living Lattice: Network of Neighborsheds
Integrated, Connected Green Infrastructure
• Aggregation of Open Space to Create Connections and Urban Green-ways
• Multi-functional Open Space
• Redefined Transportation Corridors
Density and Community
• New Urban Villages with Civic Hearts
• Green Roofs and Walls
• Decentralized Self-Sufficiency
Ecological Open Space
• Understand the City as Watersheds
• Respect for Underlying Conditions
• Re-establish Historic Streams
• Restore Shorelines for Habitat
• Recreate Natural Drainage to Restore Our Waters
• Enhance Greenbelts and HabitatNetworks
Access and Use
• Equality in Accessibility
• Increased Access to Water
• Open Space for Education/Schools for Open Space
• Hierarchy and Variety of Open Space
Integrated, Connected Green Infrastructure
The Living Lattice: A Network of Neighborsheds
City-wide Planning allows us to identify:
• Broad patterns and approaches
• Regional Connections
• Patterns Across Watersheds
Ecological Open Space
The Living Lattice: A Network of Neighborsheds
Acknowledging Seattle’s Critical Position
• Migrating Salmon
• Health of Puget Sound
• Providing Access to the Best of the City for All its Citizens
Kenichi Nakano + Peitro Potesta
Integrated, Connected Green Infrastructure
The Living Lattice: A Network of Neighborsheds
Integrated, Connected Green Infrastructure
The Living Lattice: A Network of Neighborsheds
Vanessa Lee
• Full report from the Green Futures Charrette:Envisioning Seattle’s Green Future
• Executive Summary and CD, over 1000 distributed
• Green Futures Toolkit
• All on Website:
www.open2100.org
5. Formalize the Vision
What did all of ask of us?
Green Infrastructure
Green Futures Charrette participants sought a shift in the discussion from open space “amenity” to one of a vital community, economic and ecological necessity with attendantstrategic, system-oriented investments and long-term planning.
A Mandate for Green Infrastructure
Queen Anne/Interbay/Magnolia Team
Green Infrastructure
A Mandate for Green Infrastructure
Urban green infrastructure planning provides a “whole-city" approach to sustainability by highlighting five key areas of human and environmental health:
+ equitable access to civic resources, + replication of the natural hydrologic cycle, + creation of low-impact transportation networks, + investing in high-performance capital expenditures, + and preservation of ecological function.
6. Craft a Strategy
Create a green infrastructure plan.
Adopt the plan.
Institutionalize the plan.
Fund the plan.
Implement the plan.
Recognizing that OSS 2100 tilled the fields of the public imagination, we asked the city to reap that harvest, to:
• City Council Proclamation endorsed OSS2100 Goal and Principles
• City Council passed Resolution:– Use our Green Infrastructure framework to
coordinate environmental goals
– Establish Citizen’s Advisory process to integrate and coordinate environmental activities and priorities
– Analyze and identify Green Infrastructure potential and cost-benefits, e.g.natural drainage, system-wide efficiencies for green infrastructure; pathways and roadblocks, best practices
7. Implement Actions
. 7. Implement Actions:Green Infrastructure Asset Management Pilot, City of Seattle
Coordinate capital improvement projects (CIP) around green infrastructure, using triple bottom line metrics
socialenvironmental economic
Integrate Asset Management
Team for Green Infrastructure
Identify CIP Projects for Inter-disciplinary/ Green Infrastructure
Approach
Implement demonstration
projects -5% of CIP budget
per year
7. Implement Actions: AdvocacyNew non-profitSeattle Great City Initiative
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are needed to see this picture.
Policy Priorities:
• Complete Streets
• Sustainable, Dense Neighborhoods
• Green Infrastructure Investments
7. Implement Actions: Advocacy
Green Legacy CoalitionLobbying for a Green Infrastructure levy to replace the expiring parks levy:
Parks
Trails
Bike paths
Community gardens
Natural stormwater control
Streets
100-Year Green Infrastructure Planning for surrounding communities
Lake Forest Park Green Legacy Plan
Share the method
Open Source Open Space/Green Infrastructure
Resources:
• Website: www.open2100.org
• Complete Report: Envisioning Seattle’s Green Future: Visions and Strategies from the Green Futures Charrette (on website)
• Executive Summary (on website)
• The Green Futures Toolkit (on website)
• Blog: open2100.blogspot.com (dormant)
www.open2100.org
Nancy RottleGreen Futures Lab, UW
www.greenfutures.washington.edu
Brice MarymanSvR Design
www.svrdesign.com