Greece - PAPWH & HTF · • Named after King Minos (famed for keeping a Minotaur) Minoan Art....
Transcript of Greece - PAPWH & HTF · • Named after King Minos (famed for keeping a Minotaur) Minoan Art....
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Greece
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Geography
• Mountainous area
• Consists of 1400 islands
• Poor in natural resources
• 20% of land good for farming
• Very hard to communicate or transport anything
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Minoans
• Lived in Crete
• Trading economy
• Capital City is
Knossos
• Named after King
Minos (famed for
keeping a Minotaur)
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Minoan Art
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Minoan
• Civilization disappeared
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Mycenaean
• Indo-Europeans who settled in Greece
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Mycenaean
• Very militaristic society
• Conquered what was left of the Minoan
society (borrower empire)
• Writing and sea trading
• Best known for the Trojan War
• Caused a decline in society
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Dorians
• Iron-using invaders that destroyed the
Mycenaean society
• Not as advanced as Mycenae, so Greece
went into a period of decline
• No written record of this period exists, so
little is known
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Dorians
• Lack of writing=oral tradition
• Bards spoke the history and glory of the rulers in Greece
• Homer was the most famous bard
– Wrote Illiad and the Odyssey
– These are epics which are narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds
– The epic’s purpose is to show Greek ideals of virtue and excellence
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Greeks
• Started myths or traditional stories about
their gods
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Greeks
• City-states or polis were created
• In a polis, there was a fortified hilltop called an
acropolis
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Greek Government
• Some Polis were governed by a monarchy
where kings and queens rule
• Rule is hereditary
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Greek Government
• Some polis were governed by aristocracy
where a small group of land-owner
families ruled
• Rule is hereditary
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Greek Government
• Some polis were governed by oligarchy
where a few powerful people rule
• Rule is based on wealth
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Greek Government
• Tyrants took over
• They are powerful individuals who control
the government
• They appealed to the poor and
discontented
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Greek military
• Hoplites, foot soldiers, was the main force in any
Greek army
• They formed the fearsome formation called the
phalanx
• In the phalanx, the hoplites stood side by side
with a spear and a shield
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Sparta
• Sparta is located in southern Greece
• Sparta conquered the land around them
and made the locals helots (peasants who
had to stay and work the land)
• Helots outnumbered the Spartans 8 to 1
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Sparta
• Daily Life
• Boys left home at 7 and started military
training (he would not stop being in the
military until the age of 60)
• Women also trained in sports and
managed family estates
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Sparta
• Individual expression is discouraged
• Service to Sparta is above everything
• Spartan values duty, discipline, and
strength
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Athens
• Located in eastern Greece
• Created democracy, or rule by the people
• Citizens participated directly in political
decision making (Citizen is a free adult
male)
• Women were seen, but not heard
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Athens
• Reform
• Draco wrote harsh laws that were similar
to the “eye for an eye” code of Hammurabi
• Solon outlawed debt slavery
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Greece
• Persian Wars- War between Persia and Greece
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Greece
• Persia under Darius attacked Greece at
Marathon, but lost (start of a Marathon-26
miles and 385 yards)
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Greece
• Darius’ son Xerxes led another invasion of
Greece.
• Xerxes won at Thermopylae, but was held there
for 3 days by 300 Spartans
• He lost at Salamis at sea
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Athens
• After Persian War,
Athens grew in power
under Pericles
• His goals were to
increase democracy
in Athens, to enlarge
Athens’ empire, and
to glorify Athens
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Athens
• To increase the power of Athens, Pericles built a
200-ship navy (largest in the Mediterranean
Sea)
• To glorify Athens, Pericles supported the building
of the Parthenon
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Greek Art• Greek sculptors designed sculptures that were
natural and lifelike.
• That became classical art
• – Significant features are Balance, Order,
and Proportion
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Greek Drama
• Greeks were also known for their plays
• The Greeks wrote 2 dramas
• Tragedy-serious drama with love, hate, war, and
betrayal
– Examples : Oedipus by Sophocles and Medea by
Euripides
• Comedy-slap-stick situations and crude humor
– Examples: Lysistrata by Aristophanes
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Peloponnesian War
• With Athens and
Sparta became more
hostile after Athens
became powerful
• The Peloponnesian
War started
• Sparta had advantage
on land and Athens
had advantage on
water
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Peloponnesian
War
• Sparta surrounded
Athens under Pericles
– Plague hit Athens
(killing Pericles)
– Athens lost 27,000
men at Syracuse
• After around 30 years of
siege Athens surrendered
– At the conclusion of
the War- Sparta is
Victorious!!!
– But there was a power
to the north that
Demosthenes warned
the Greeks about….
*Macedonia*
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Greek Philosophers
• Philosophers are lovers of wisdom
• They follow 2 assumptions
– Universe is orderly and has unchanging laws
– People can understand these laws through
logic and reason
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Greek Philosophers
• One group of
philosophers were the
Sophists
• They believed truth is
different for every
individual
Protagoras
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Greek Philosophers
• Socrates- taught students to seek absolute truth
through questioning
• Brought to trial because of corrupting youth
during the Peloponnesian War and was
condemned to death by poison
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Greek Philosophers
• Plato- student of
Socrates, wrote the
Republic which stated
that in an ideal
society a philosopher
king would rule
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Greek Philosophers
• Aristotle- Plato’s
student, he applied
logic to all fields of
life. He was also the
teacher of a young
boy named Alexander