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AN EMERGING MATTERIAL FOR FUTURE

TECHNOLOGYBY:Sakti Prasanna Muduli

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OVERVIEW1)What is GRAPHENE?2)Different properties of

Graphene3)Preparation processes4)Special about it...!!!5)Applications6)Drawbacks7)Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHENE

Graphite has layered structure of Carbon atoms and each isolated layer is called as Graphene.

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In 2004 two physicist Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov extracted single atom thick Graphene from Graphite for first time at University of Manchester. In 2010 they were awarded with Noble Prize in Physics.

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PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENEStructuralChemicalElectronicOpticalThermalMechanical

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STRUCTUREGraphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice.

C-C bond length is about 0.142nm, and graphene sheets stack to form graphite with inter planner spacing of 0.335nm.

It is considered as a two dimensional object.

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CHEMICALGraphene is the most reactive form of the

carbon as it has the highest surface area among other forms of Carbon.

It burns at 350 ˚C.

OPTICALMonolayer Graphene absorbes 2.3% of white light; i.e it is almost TRANSPARENT.

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ELECTRONICGraphene Sheet has :Graphene has a remarkably high 

electron mobility at room temperatureConductivity about 106 Ω −1·cm−1

Silver has Conductivity about 6.3*105Ω −1·cm−1

THERMALIt has thermal conductivity about (4400- 5780)Wm−1K −1

Which is higher than Silver, Cupper, Diamond.A graphene coating is used to boost thermal conductivity of Polyethylene terephalate(PET).

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MECHANICALIt is the strongest material ever discovered.The Spring constant of Graphene is higher than graphite which makes it more rigid and stronger.Very light i.e 0.77mg per 1sq m which is 1000 times lighter than same size of paper.High fracture strength about 130GPa.

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PREPARATIONS

• Exfoliation of graphite peel-off method

• Colloidal suspensions from graphite oxide or graphite intercalation compounds (GICs)

•Total Organic Synthesis•chemical vapour deposition (CVD)

1,Top-down approach (From graphite)

2.Bottom up approach (from carbon precursors)

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INTERESTING ABOUT GRAPHENE

GRAPHENE

STRONGER THAN

DIAMOND

MORE FLEXIBLE

THAN RUBBER

LIGHTER THAN PAPER

MORE CONDUCTIVE

THAN Ag

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APPLICATION OF GRAPHENE

1. Single Molecule gas detection2. Ultra capacitor (Super Capacitor)3. Graphene Biodevices4. Replacement of Polymer nano

composites5. Transparent and Conducting

Electrode

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1. Single Molecule Gas DetectionGas molecules attach themselves to graphene only to add or take away the electrons, which results in notable change of electrical conductance

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2.Ultra CapacitorsIf a graphene sheet is used to separate the electrolyte inside a capacitor then it stores more energy than the electrolyte only.More no. of charged particles are accumulated on the surface of Graphene, hence double layer is formed .

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Advantages of super Capacitors in comparison to general capacitor

Long lifeRapid chargingHigh power storageAct as high power battery at

discharging

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3.Graphene Biodevices

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4.Replacement of nanocomposites In nano devices, Electrically and

thermally conductive nanocomposites can be replaced by Graphene sheets

5.Transparent and Flexible electrode

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DRAWBACKS IN USING GREPHENE1. There is no such industrial method for

synthesis of Graphene which prevents its commercialisation.

2. Its catalytic effect defects the metal in battery; it needs some chemical modification.

3. Graphene sheet needs to have a substrate for use e.g: Cellophane coating is required for use as a transparent electrode.

4. It has cytotoxic effect.

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CONCLUSION1. The quality and availability of “Synthetic

graphene” will continue to improve.2. Science must have ample access to

improve graphene material & integrate it to the present day gadgets.

3. As synthetic routs improve the prospects of replacing ITO in touch screens and “Si” for Semiconductor Industries, seems feasible.

4. Graphene is Biodegradable.

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REFERENCES1. www.graphenia.com2. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene3. www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk4. www.graphenelabs.com

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