GRAMMAR BOOK 2

INCLUSIVE PRETERITE

-ar -er/-ir

-e with accent -i with accent

-aste -iste

-o with accent -io with accent over o

-amos -imos

-aron -ieron

Andar Anduve-

Estar Estuve-

Poder Pud-

Poner Pus-

Quere Quis-

Saber Sup-

Tener Tuv-

Venir Vin-

CUCARACHA VERBS

Conducir Conduj-

Producir Produj-

Traducir Traduj-

Decir Dij-

Traer Traj-

Take off the “I”

Snake VerbsDormir LeerDormi leiDormimos leimosdormiste leiste Durmio leyo Dumieron leyeron

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES + PRONOUNS

They are used in the place of the adjective and the noun

Masculine

Singular/ plural

Este/ estos (these one)

Ese/ esos (that one)

Aquel/ aquellos (that way over there)

FeminineSingular/ pluralEsta/ estas(this one)Esa/ esas (that one)Aquella/ aquellas (that one over there)

ORDINAL NUMBERS

When used with nouns they must agree in number and gender

Placed before nouns

Primera firstSegunda secondTercera thirdCuarta fourthQuinta fifthSexta sixthSeptimo seventhOctavo eighthNoveno ninthDecimo tenth

PREPOSITIONS

Cerca (de) close

Delante (de)

A la derecha (de) rightj

Detras (de)

Entre

A la izquierda (de) left

Al lado (de)

Lejos (de)

FUTURE

Ir+a+infinitive

Infinitive

Decir dir

Hacer har

Poner pondr

Salir saldr

Tener tendr

Valer vald

Venir vendr

Poder podr

Querer querr

Saber sabr

DOUBLE OBJECT PRONOUNS

The indirect object pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun when they are used together in a sentence

- Me mandaron los boietos por correo.

- Me los manaro por correo.

- Te exijo una repuesta ahora mismo

- Te la exijo ahora mismo

Le and les changes to se when they are used with lo, la, los, or las.

- Le damos las revistas a Ricardo.

- Se las damas.

When object pronouns are attached to infinitives, participles, or commands, a written accent is often required to maintain proper word stress.

INDIRECT/DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

Indirect: to whom or for whom

- Carla siempre me da boletos para el cine

- (Carla always gives me movie tickets)

Direct: who or what

- Ellos los consigue gratis

- (She gets them for free)

When the verb is an infinitive construction, object pronouns may be either attached to the infinitive or placed before the conjugated verb. When the verb is in the progressive, object pronouns may be either attached to the present partciple or placed before the conjugated verb.