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Dr. M.C. Roco

Chair, U.S. Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology (NSET), NSTC

Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology, National Science FoundationPresentation posted on www.nsf.gov/nano

Global Nanotechnology Network, Saarbrucken, Germany, May 26, 2005

F. Frankel - copyright

The National Nanotechnology Initiative andThe National Nanotechnology Initiative and

an International Perspectivean International Perspective

McMillan, 2004

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Topics

MC Roco, 5/26/05

NNI - Outcomes since 2001; new frontiers in 2005

Societal dimensions (EHS, education, ELSI)

International R&D perspective

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NanotechnologyDefinition on www.nano.gov/omb_nifty50.htm (2000)

Working at the atomic, molecular and supramolecular

levels, in the length scale of approximately 1 100 nmrange, in order to understand, create and use materials,devices and systems with fundamentally new propertiesand functions because of their small structure

NNI definition encourages new contributions that werenot possible before

- novel phenomena, properties and functions at nanoscale,which are nonscalable outside of the nm domain

- the ability to measure / control / manipulate matter at the

nanoscale in order to change those properties and functions- integration along length scales, and fields of application

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TRANSFORMING SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS(Ex: worldwide estimations made in 2000, NSF)

Knowledge base: better comprehension of nature, life

New technologies and products: ~ $1 trillion/year$1 trillion/year by 2015by 2015(With input from industry US, Japan, Europe 1997-2000, access to leading experts)

Materials beyond chemistry: $340B/y Electronics: over $300B/y

Pharmaceuticals: $180 B/y Chemicals (catalysts): $100B/y

Aerospace about $70B/y Tools ~ $22 B/y

Est. in 2000 (NSF) : about $40B for catalysts, GMR, materials, etc.; + 25%/yrEst. in 2002 (DB) : about $116B for materials, pharmaceuticals and chemicals

Would require worldwide ~ 2 million nanotech workers (all ~7M)Would require worldwide ~ 2 million nanotech workers (all ~7M)In U.S.: ~ 0.8 million (all with supporting jobs ~ 2.8 millionIn U.S.: ~ 0.8 million (all with supporting jobs ~ 2.8 million)

Improved healthcare: extend life-span, its quality, physical capabilities

Sustainability: agriculture, food, water, energy, materials, environment; ex:lighting energy reduction ~ 10% or $100B/y

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Sem ic onduc t ors Ex t rapo lat ed t o 2015 ($B)Sem ic onduc t ors Ex t rapo lat ed t o 2015 ($B)

Semi Revenue Scenarios next 12 years

-$100

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

World History 70-02

SIA forecast 03-06

VLSIR forecast 03-08

5% CAGR 09- 15

10% CAGR 09- 15

Source: Semiconductor Industry Assn. 70-02; VLSI Research 03-08

Note: $300B nanotech revenues sooner than predicted (2010 instead of 2015)

Ex. nanotech revenues: IBM+all/GMR sys $25B Intel/semicond $20B

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Global forecast, products sold incorporatingemerging nanotechnology, 2004 to 2014, 3 sectors

$0

$500,000

$1,000,000

$1,500,000

$2,000,000

$2,500,000

$3,000,000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

$millions

Manufacturing and materials Electronics and IT Healthcare and life sciences

Source: October 2004 Lux Research Report Sizing Nanotechnologys Value Chain

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PASSIVE

NAN

OSTRUCTURES

(inproduc

tion)

ACTIVE

NANOSTRUCTURES

(toprotot

ypes)

SYSTEMS

OF

NANOSYSTEMS

(inresearch)

M

OLECULAR

NANOSYSTEMS

(inc

oncept)

Reaching nano-world and system creation

Size of s t ruc t ure

2060

NANO

MICRO

MACRO

T o p d ow n

b

iology,mechanics

,top-downtools.

System

c reat i

on

B o t t o m u pphys,chem

,simulations..

0.1 m

1 c m

1 m m

0.1 m m

10 m1 m

0.1 m

10 nm

1 nm

0.1 nm1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040

Ut i l i za t ion o f Nanosca le Law s

Bio logica l p r inc ip lesIn format ion tec hno logy

Know ledge o f in tegra t ion

Reachingnano-world M.C. Roco, 5/26/05

..Ro

bot i c

s

B iom

ime t

ic s,

Guide

d ass

emb l in

g ,

Evo lu

t io na r

y ..

Converging S&E Diverging architectures

2000 2010 2020

Successivedevelopments

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Timeline for beginning of industrial prototyping andnanotechnology commercialization: Four Generations

11stst:: Passive nanostructures (1st generation products)

Ex: coatings, nanoparticles, nanostructured metals, polymers, ceramics

22ndnd: Active nanostructures Ex: 3D transistors,amplifiers, targeted drugs, actuators, adaptive structures

33rdrd: Systems of nanosystemsEx: guided assembling; 3D networking and new

hierarchical architectures, robotics, evolutionary

44thth: MolecularnanosystemsEx: molecular devices by design,

atomic design, emerging functions

~ 2010

~ 2005

~ 20002000

NewR

&D

Challeng

es

~ 20152015--20202020

CMU

AIChE Journal, 2004, Vol. 50 (5), MC Roco

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Interdisciplinary horizontal Knowledge Creationnowledge Creation withvertical transition from basic concepts to Grand ChallengesGrand Challenges

and technology integration-Converging TechnologiesConverging Technologies

Fundamental research at the nanoscaleKnowledge Creation: same principles, phenomena, toolsBasic discoveries and new areas of relevance

M

ATERI

ALS

EN

VIRONMENT

EL

ECTRO

NICS

MAN

UFACTU

RING

CBRE

SECU

RITY

HE

ALTHC

ARE

MI

CROCR

AFT

IN

STRUMENTS

E

NERGY

Revolutionary Technologies and Products

Converging

Technologies

Grand

Challenges

Infrastructure

Workforce

Partnerships

MC. Roco, 5/26/05

R di i h Fi

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Rudimentary nanostructures in the FirstGeneration of products: broad based impact

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Fiscal year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005(all in million $) Actual Enact/Actual Enact/Actual Enact/Actual Req./Actual Req/Est.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

National Science Foundation 97 150 /150 199 /204 221 /221 249 /256 305/338

Department of Defense 70 110 /125 180 /224 243 /322 222 /291 276/257Department of Energy 58 93 /88 91.1 /89 133 /134 197 /202 211/210Health and Human Services 32 39 /39.6 40.8 /59 65 /78 70 /106 89/145NASA 5 20 /22 35 /35 33 /36 31 /47 35/45

NIST 8 10 /33.4 37.6 /77 66 /64 62 /77 53/75EPA - /5.8 5 /6 5 /5 5 /5 5/5Homeland Security (TSA) - 2 /2 2 /1 2 /1 1/1Department of Agricul ture - /1.5 1.5 /0 1 /1 10 /2 5/3Department of Justice - /1.4 1.4 /1 1.4 /1 1.4 /2 1/2

Congressionally-directed to DOD - / 25 /40 /80 /103 /150

TOTAL 270 422422 /490 600600 /737 770770 /942 849849 /1092 982/982/1231 Average annual rate: 38% +82% +50% +28% +16% + 13

- 24 agencies; Industry, state and local organizations: about 2 times NNI budget in 2004- 2004 NNI budget: 65% to academia; 25% - R&D labs; 10% - industry (7% SBIR)

First NNI strategic plan (2001-2005):R&D funding by Agency

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NNI FY 2006 Budget RequestTotal = $1,054 million

Fundamentalresearchand innovation

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Accomplishments(1)

Developed foundational knowledge for control of matter at thenanoscale: over 2500 active projects in > 500 universities,private sector institutions and gov. labs in all 50 states

Created an interdisciplinary nanotechnology community 1

R&D / Innovation Results: With ~25% of global gov.investments, the U.S. accounts for

~ 50% of highly cited papers,~ 60% of USPTO patents2, and

~ 60-70% of startups3 in nanotechnology worldwide.

Infrastructure:

about 6,300 users in 2 academic-basednetworks(1) NSF Committee of Visitors, 2004; (2) Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2004; (3) NanoBusiness Alliance, 2004

MC. Roco, 4/18/05

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Accomplishments(2)

Partnerships: with industry (Consultative Boards for AdvancingNanotechnology), regional alliances in U.S. (22),

international (over 25 countries), professional societies Societal implications and applications -

from the beginning, about 10% of 2004 NNI

Nanotechnology education and outreach -impacting 10,000 graduate students and teachers (2004);

expanded to undergraduate and high schools, and outreach;from 5 universities (2000) to about 300 (2004);create national networks for formal and informal education.

The U.S. NNI has catalyzed global activities in nanotechnologyand served as a model for other programs.

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NNI-Industry Consultative Boards for Advancing Nanotech (1)

Key for development of nanotechnology, Reciprocal gainsNNI-Electronic Industry (SRC lead), 10/2003 -

Collaborative activities in key R&D areas5 working groups, Periodical joint actions and reportsNSF-SRC agreement for joint funding; other joint funding

NNI-Chemical Industry (CCR lead)Joint road map for nanomaterials R&D

2 working groups, including on EHSUse of NNI R&D results, and identify R&D opportunities

NNI Organizations and business (IRI lead)

Joint activities in R&D technology management2 working groups (nanotech in industry, EHS)Exchange information, use NNI results, support new topics

NNI-Biotechnology (BIO lead), 10/2004Collaborative activities in key R&D areas2 working groups, R&D collaboration and EHS; joint funding

CCR

MC Roco, 5/16/05

Industry surveys: First Generation of products

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Industry surveys: First Generation of products

Companies working in nanotechnology (Small Times Media)

In U.S., March 2005: 1455 nanotech companies23,000 new jobs in small startup nano companies

42%

13%

10%

5%7%

23%682 - Manufacturing & applications

208 - Equipmnet suppliers

172 - Financial community

87 - Government and local entities

110 - Industry organizations & institutes

386 - Professional services

MC Roco, 4/18/05

All Fortune 500 companies in emerging materials /electr. /pharma

19 of the 30 Dow Jones companies have launched nano initiatives

C t tC t t N t h l i th W ldN t h l i th W ld

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ContextContextNanotechnology in the WorldNanotechnology in the WorldPast government investments 1997Past government investments 1997--20052005 (est. NSF)(est. NSF)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

m

illions$/year

W. Europe

Japan

USAOthers

Total

NNI Preparation

(vision / benchmark)

1st Strategic Plan

(passive nanostructures) (active ns. & systems)

2nd Strategic PlanSeed funding

(1991 - )

MC. Roco, 5/26/05

Total government expenditure in FY 2004 about $3.7 billion

Gl b l R h I t t i N t h l

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Global Research Investment in Nanotechnology(2004)

Country/Region

Population

in MillionsGDPin $T

Growth

(%)

Per Capita

GDP in $M

Research

% of GDP

GovernmentNanotechR&D, 2004

($M)

SpecificNanotechR&D, 2004

($/Capita)

SpecificNanotechR&D, 2004

($/$M GDP)2.8 989*

~ 950

Japan 127 3.6 2.7 28.3 2.9 ~ 900 7.1 250

~ 200

~ 250

~ 110

EU-25 456 11.1 1 24.3 1.9

903.4

2.1

0.2

5.1

86

4.7

31

291

208

~ 1.0

2.7

2.3

37.5

5.0

18.0

23.0

3.1

China 1,300 6.45 9.1

Korea 48.6 0.86 3.1

3.2

USA 293 11.0

Taiwan 23 0.53

Note: GDP data are Purchasing Power Parity estimates for 2003 (after ATIP).* Excludes the Congressionally directed budget of $103M to DOD inFY 2004 (after NNI, 2005)

Exchange Rates: $1= 105 Yen (Japan); $1= 8.2 Yuan (China); $1= 1100 Korean won; $1= NT $ 34 (Taiwan)

d d

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Where do we stand?Global R&D investments in 2004 (Total = $8.6 billion)

Asia NorthAmerica

($1.7B)

Europe($0.65B)

Other

Europe

AsiaNorthAmerica

Other

Private (Corporate + VC)Focused on 1stGen. R&D application

Total = $4 B (LuxResearch)(less than $0.1 B in 1997)

Public (National, regional, state)Focused on long-term research

Total = $4.6 B(less than $0.5 B in 1997, NSF survey)

Source: Lux Research & NSF

($0.04B)

($1.4B)

Comprehensive national programs on nanoscience and

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Comprehensive national programs on nanoscience andnanotechnology (over $100M/yr)

Preparation of NNI

Broad definition, 10 year vision,. worldwide study, investment plan

U.S. NNI(announced January 2000)

Japan(announced April 2001)

South Korea(announced Nov. 2001)

Germany(May 2002)

Taiwan(Sept. 2002)

China(2003)

UK(July 03)

EC-15(March 2002)

1996 1987 1988 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Begins nationalinteragency planning

Begins funding forsocietal implications

M.C. Roco,, 5/26/05

Exponential growth; About half of the highly cited

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Exponential growth; About half of the highly cited

papers in key journals originate in U.S.(nano* keyword search, after NNI Supplement Budget Report, 2006)

MC Roco, 5/26/05

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Year

%"

nano*"artic

les Rest of World

United States

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Year

numberofarticles Rest of World

United States

ISI Web of Science Databasewith 5400 professional journals

- U.S. about 30% for alljournal articles in 2004

- U.S. about 50% in high-

impact articles(UCLA NanoBank)Ex: recent survey on

Nature, Science, andPhysics Review Letters

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1400Chemistry: molecularbiology and microbiology

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Technology field

analysis by year

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Numberofpatents

gy gy

Drug, bio-affecting andbody treating compositions

Radiant energy

Active solid-state devices

(e.g., transistors, solid-

state diodes)

Stock material ormiscellaneous articles

Organic compounds -- part

of the class 532-570 series

Semiconductor devicemanufacturing: process

Chemistry: natural resinsor derivatives; peptides orproteins; lignins or reactionproducts thereof

Optics: systems (includingcommunication) andelements

Coating processes

MC. Roco,5/26/05

www.nsf.gov/nano(LongitudinalNanotechnology PatentAnalysis,

from J. of NanoparticleResearch, 2004)

http://www.nsf.gov/nanohttp://www.nsf.gov/nano

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Regions perceived to be leading in nanoscience and the transfer

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Regions perceived to be leading in nanoscience and the transferof nanotechnology to industry (EU survey, 2004)

www.cordis.lu/nanotechnology/ MC. Roco, 5/26/05

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International Surveyspublished in J. of Nanoparticle Research (Springer Science/ Kluwer)

Japan, 2004, Vol. 6(6); 2001, Vol. 3 (2-3)

Germany, 2004, Vol. 6(5)

Russia, 2003, Vol. 5(5-6)

Korea, 2002, Vol. 4(6)

Taiwan, 2002, Vol. 4(5)

Australia, 2002, Vol. 4(1-2)

Romania, 2001, Vol. 3 (5-6)

China, 2001, Vol. 3(4)

Asia, 2001, Vol. 3(2-3) International perspective 2001, Vol. 3 (2-3)

Defining the vision for the second strategic plan (II)Defining the vision for the second strategic plan (II)

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National Nanotechnology InitiativeNational Nanotechnology Initiative20042004

ReportsReports

2004:10-year

vision/planAgriculture

and Food SocietalImplications2004

GovernmentPlan (annual)

Energy

Surveymanufacturing

Other topical reportson www.nano.gov

2004: Update 10 year vision, and develop strategic plan

MC Roco, 5/26/05

Second NNI strategic plan (2006-2010):

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Second NNI strategic plan (2006 2010):Goals / Activities

Four main goals (including areas of new focus for next 5 years) Maintain a world-class research and development program

aimed at realizing the full potential of nanotechnology(Support R&D for active nanostructures and nanosystems)

Facil itate transfer of the new technologies into products forcommercial and public benefit (Increase funding for technological

innovation and multidisciplinary R&D platforms) Develop educational resources, a skilled workforce, and the

supporting infrastructure and tools needed to advance nanotechnology

(Access to research facilities and educational opportunities innanoscale science and engineering for half of the undergraduate andgraduate students by 2010)

Support responsible development of nanotechnology thru societal,

environmental and health implications R&D, and interaction with the public(Address sustainability and life cycle of products)

MC Roco, 5/26/05

After 3 years of NNI:

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yNew R&D potential targets for 2015 (ex.)

2004 2015

Transistor beyond/integrated CMOS under 10 nm

Nanoscale visualization and simulation of 3D/m domains= Micro domains with nano space and time resolutions

New catalysts for chemical manufacturing

No suffering and death from cancer when treated

Control of nanoparticles in air, soils and watersMC. Roco, 5/26/05

After 3 years of NNI:

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y

New R&D potential targets for 2015 (2)

2004 2015

Advanced materials and manu.: from molecular level

Pharmaceuticals synthesis and delivery: based on nano

Converging technologies from the nanoscale

Life-cycle biocompatible/sustainable development

Including: artificial organs, manufacturing multidisciplinary platforms, etc.

Education: nanoscale instead of microscale-basedMC Roco, 5/26/05

Examples of levels for intervention of nanobiotechnology

h l f

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Human

in human life extension

Organ

CellMolecule

Joint replacement

Non-invasive and invasive

diagnostics for rapid

patient monitoringCognitive-assist devices

Targeted cancer therapies

Artificial organs

Sensors for in

vivo monitoringLocalized drug

delivery

Neural stimulation

Cardiac therapies

Improved cell-

material

interactions

Scaffolds for

tissue eng.

Genetic

therapiesCell ageing

Stem cell

therapies

Localized

drug delivery

Gene therapy

devices

Self-assembly

structures

Fastdiagnostic

techniques

(NBIC Report, 2002)

Challenge 2015: Transistor beyond/integratedChallenge 2015: Transistor beyond/integrated

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g y g

CMOS under 10 nmCMOS under 10 nm

In the 70s, 80s and 90sGeometrical scaling was the major driver

In the 2003 - 2012 period (industry target)Use of novel physical phenomena to extend performance

by equivalent scaling are the major drivers. Examples (2004):

Strained Silicon -Separating the Silicon Atoms

for Faster Electron Flow

In addition, to explore beyond CMOS:- New carriers instead of electron charge- Integrate CMOS with other nanodevices- New system architectures- Integration with applications

1.2 nm gate oxide is ~5

Silicon atom layers thick Tri-gate Transistor

MC Roco, 5/26/05

Challenge 2015: To simulate engineeringChallenge 2015: To simulate engineering

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problems from basic principles at the nanoscaleproblems from basic principles at the nanoscale

Using nanotechnology to buildthe highest speed processors

Using fast computers andreconfigurable computing

for nanoscale S&Eapplication acceleration

(for 100x potential speeedup)

P

P

RAP

RAP

Capability 2004 (Cray X1):

50+ TFLOPS (fastest computer in the world)

~ 2010 (Cray Cascade):

DARPA NSF DOE acad. support

1,000+ TFLOPS

~ 2015 (Cray target):

10-100,000 TFLOPS MC Roco, 5/26/05

Challenge 2015: Specify the state of a cell

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g p yand of nervous system from the nanoscale

Measure and simulate, 3 dimensional, highly parallel, . . .MC. Roco, 5/26/05

The Cell

basic nanosystem of life

The brain

complex system based onnanoscale processes

R. Llinas, 2003

Challenge 2015: To Eliminate SufferingChallenge 2015: To Eliminate Suffering

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g gg g

and Death Due to Cancerand Death Due to CancerA Vision Not a Dream! by using nanotechnology, A v.Eschenbach, NCI

Where We Want To Be Where We Are

Detectionand

Diagnosis

MalignantTumors With

Metastases

Detection andDiagnosis

Cancer results from accumulation of multiple genetic changes in a cells.

Nanotechnology will allow earlier detection and prevention (Year 0)

Year 0 Year X Year Y Year Z

Prevention Prevention

Infrastructure 2001Infrastructure 2001--2005: 402005: 40 R&D Centers, Networks and User FacilitiesR&D Centers, Networks and User FacilitiesNanobiotechnology Cornell (STC) Funded by NSF (24) DOD (3) NASA (4)

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2000

2002

2003

2004

2005

2001

2005-2007

MC Roco, 5/26/05

Nanobiotechnology, Cornell (STC)

National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (13)

Oklahoma Nano Net, OK

Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Purdue (7)

Nanoscale Systems in Information Technologies, Cornell

Nanoscience in Biological and Env. Eng., Rice

Integrated Nanopatterning and Detection, NU

Electronic Transport in Molecular Nanostructures, Columbia

Nanoscale Systems and their Device Applications, Harvard

Directed Assembly of Nanostructures, RPI

Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology, MIT

Nanoscience Innovation for Defense, UCSB

Nanoscience Institute, NRL

Molecular Foundry, LBNL

Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, SNL

Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ORNL

Center for Nanoscale Materials, ANL

Center for Functional Nanomaterials, BNL

Institute for Cell Mimetic Space Exploration, UCLA

Institute for Intelligent Bio-Nanomaterials &Structures for Aerospace Vehicles, Texas A&M

Bio-Inspection, Design, and Processing of Multi-functional Nanocomposites, Princeton

Institute for Nanoelectronics and Computing, Purdue

Integrated Nanomechanical Systems, UCB

High Rate Nanomanufacturing, NE U.-Boston

Affordable Nanoeng. of Polymer Biomedical Devices, Ohio St.

Nano/Bio Interface, U. PA.

Probing the Nanoscale, Stanford

Templated Synthesis and Assembly at the Nanoscale, UW-Ma

Integrated and Scalable Nanomanufacturing, UCLA

Nanoscale Chem., Electr., and Mech. Manu. Systems, UIUC

Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado St.

Operation

Nanotechnology Center for Learning and Teaching, NU (10)

Funded by NSF (24), DOD (3), NASA (4),DOE (5), NIST (2), DHHS (2)

MRSECs on nanostructures

Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCI

Nanotechnology Labs, NIST at MA and CO

NIOSH

New in 2005 (NSF): Nanotechnology in Society;NISE (museums); Hierarchical Nanomanufactur ing

Introducing earlier nanotechnology education(NSF N l S i d E i i Ed i )

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(NSF: Nanoscale Science and Engineering Education)

NT Graduate education (curriculum development)

NT Undergraduate Education

NT High school education

NT Elementary - K education2003

(NSF/NSEE)

2002

(NSF/NSE)

2000

K

16

2004 -2005(NSF/NSEE)

MC Roco, 5/26/05

NNI-Industry Consultative Boards for Advancing Nanotech (1)

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NNI-Industry Consultative Boards for Advancing Nanotech (1)

Key for development of nanotechnology, Reciprocal gains

NNI-Electronic Industry (SRC lead), 10/2003 -Collaborative activities in key R&D areas5 working groups, Periodical joint actions and reports

NSF-SRC agreement for joint funding; other joint funding

NNI-Chemical Industry (CCR lead)Joint road map for nanomaterials R&D

2 working groups, including on EHSUse of NNI R&D results, and identify R&D opportunities

NNI Organizations and business (IRI lead)

Joint activities in R&D technology management2 working groups (nanotech in industry, EHS)Exchange information, use NNI results, support new topics

NNI-Biotechnology (BIO lead), 10/2004Collaborative activities in key R&D areas2 working groups, R&D collaboration and EHS; joint funding

CCR

MC Roco, 5/26/05

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Energy

Healthcare

Aircraft Engines

WaterNanotechnology Platform

NanoTubes and NanoRods

NanoParticles

NanoCeramics

NanoStructured Metal Systems

Hybrid Materials

Nanotechnology at General Electric

DuPont:DuPont: Process Engineering & Manufacturingf th i (CVD A l C t lli ti i it ti ) i d ti

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for synthesis (CVD, Aerosol, Crystallization, precipitation), size reduction,

surface treatment, coating, encapsulation, dispersion, incorporation

Manufacturing

Particle Design

CNTsNanoparticlesNanostructure

NanolayerCoating &

Encapsulation

Characterization

AssemblyApplications

- PSD, morphology, surface

- Defects

- End-use performance

- Safety

- Unit operations & Scale up

- Process integration

Modeling&Simulation

Films, Electronics, Displays

EP, Coatings, Personal care,

Sensors, N&H

- Fluid dynamics

- Field (E&M)

-Molecular template- Biomolecule assistedMolecular, Meso, Macro, CFD,

Nanotechnology platform

Industry surveys (1)

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Companies working in nanotechnology

(Survey by Small Times in 2004, based on individualcontacts and direct verification; partial NNI support)

o

In March 2004: 775 nanotech companies(475 products in 215 companies; 23,000 new jobs in small companies)

o In March 2005: 1455 nanotech companies

42%

13%

10%

5%7%

23% 682 - Manufacturing & applications

208 - Equipment suppliers

172 - Financial community

87 - Government and local entities

110 - Industry organizations & institutes

386 - Professional services

MC Roco, 5/26/05

Industry surveys (2)

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17%

10%

32%

24%

17% Already marketingNanotechnology Products

Within 1 Year

Within 3 Years

Within 3-5 years

More Than 5 Years

- 19 of the 30 Dow Jones companies have launched nano initiatives

- All Fortune 500 companies in emerging materials / electronics /pharmaceuticals

- Timeline for commercialization (http://nano.nccms.org)

Survey by National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (2005):

600 manufacturing companies: 83% expect products in < 5 years

MC Roco, 6/02/05

(study sponsored by NSF)

Sampling of Current Regional, State, & LocalI iti ti i N t h l i d t t

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Initiatives in Nanotechnology: industry partners

CaliforniaNanoSystem

Institute (CNSI)

Northern CANano Initiative

ConnecticutNanotechnology

Initiative

Atomworks

Girvan Institute

NanotechnologyCenter at Ga Tech

MassachusettsNanotechnology

Initiative

EnterpriseFlorida

NanoscienceCenter

NanoScienceInstitute of the West;

CA, OR, WA

Oklahoma Nano-technology

Initiative

NanotechCenter

Consortium:UNM & Nat. Labs

Colorado Nano-Technology

Initiative (CNTI)

Center forAccelerating

Applications atthe Nanoscale

Arizona Biodesign

Institute (AzBio)

USC NanoCenter

Nanotech Inst Ben FranklinTech Partnership;

PA, NJ, DE, MD

MichiganSmall TechAssociation

NanoBusinessAlliance

AlbanyNanotech

New Jersey

NanotechnologyConsortium

TexasNano-

technologyInitiative

Inst for Nanotechnology InVirginia (INanoVA

NNCO

(O t )

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support

- Nanotechnology R&D

- Infrastructure: Physical,

Human resources, Legal,Organizations

- Regulatory measures

and standards

support

- Nanotechnology R&D

- Infrastructure: Physical,

Human resources, Legal,Organizations

- Regulatory measures

and standards

throughConverging Technologies

through

Converging TechnologiesApplicationsSocietalchanges

Growth

Policies, governance:

Congress, WH, others

Nanotechnology

New understanding,discoveries,

and innovations

Nanotechnology

New understanding,discoveries,

and innovations

implications on

- Quality of life, Access to

knowledge, Human dignity- Economic, EHS

- Cultural, International

implications on

- Quality of life, Access to

knowledge, Human dignity- Economic, EHS

- Cultural, International

changes

New Products

Human Health and CognitionSocietal System

changes

New Products

Human Health and CognitionSocietal System

(Open system)

Nanotechnology in SocietyJ. Nanoparticle Research, 7(2-3), 2005 M.C. Roco, 5/16//05

Executive Office of the PresidentCONGRESS

CONGRESS

PCAST

PCAST

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Grey: supervising organizations; Red: organizations implementing NNI;

Blue: organizations evaluating NNI; Dash lines: infromational links

Contr ibut ing

Independent Agenc ies (13)

BI S, CRCD, EPA, FDA,

ITC, NASA, NIH,

NIOSH, NRC,

NSF, ITIC, UTO, USPTO

Contr ibut ing

Independent Agenc ies (13)

BI S, CRCD, EPA, FDA,

ITC, NASA, NIH,

NIOSH, NRC,

NSF, ITIC, UTO, USPTO

Contr ibut ing

Depar tments (11)

DOC / NIST, DOC / USPTO,

DOD, DOE, DOJ , DOL

DOS, DOT,

DOTreas, DHS, USDA

Contr ibut ing

Depar tments (11)

DOC / NIST , DOC / USPTO,

DOD, DOE, DOJ , DOL

DOS, DOT,

DOTreas, DHS, USDA

NSET:coordinates NNI

(MOU for funding NNCO) NNCO, secretariatNNCO, secretariat

OSTPOSTP OMBOMB

TAGTAG

NPACNPAC

NSTCNSTC

Committee

on Technology

Committeeon Technology

PCAST(NNAP)

PCAST(NNAP)

RANRAN

NEHI WG

NEHI WG

Industry L ia ison WGIndustry L ia ison WG

Nanomanufactur ing WGNanomanufactur i ng WG

Supplement Report T FSupplement Report T F

Research Direct ions and

Strateg ic Planning TF

Research Direct ions and

Strateg ic Planning TF

NRCNRC

Committee

on Science

Committeeon Science

Organization chart of the NNI

PublicPublic

Industry

Industry

StatesStates

Internationalorganizations

International

organizations

MediaMedia

AcademeAcademe

Publ ic In teract ion WG

Publ ic In t eract ion WG

Organization chart of the NNI

Societal Implications: Follow-up

f h S b 2000

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of the September 2000 report

Make support for social, ethical, andeconomic research studies a priority:(a) New theme in the NSF program solicitations;(b) Centers with societal implications programs;(c) Initiative on the impact of technology, NBIC, HSD

NNCO communicate with the publicand address Environmental, Health andand Safety issues, and unexpected consequences

NSETs Nanostructures Environmental and Health Issuesworking group has been established in 8/2003, 12 agencies

Workshop with EC (2001); Links to Europe, Americas, Asia;International Dialogue (26 countries, NSF-sponsored)MC Roco,5/26/05

http://nano.gov

Key issues in long term

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Respect human right to: access to knowledge and welfare;human integrity, dignity, health and safety (birth, brain,.)

Balanced and equitable R&D nanotechnology investment

Environment protection and improvement (water, air, soil)Sustainable development, life-cycle of products, global

effects (weather), eliminate pollution at the source

Economic, legal, ethical, moral, regulatory, social andinternational (developed-developing countries) aspects

Interacting with the public and organizations

Adaptive/corrective approach for a complex systemImmediate and continuing issues:

- EHS in research laboratories and industrial units

- Harmonizing nomenclatures, norms and standards- Primary data and methodology for risk analysis

MC. Roco, 5/26/05

NNI activities

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for Environmental, Health and other Societal Implications

A. Align R&D investment with societal implications

B. Evaluate and implement regulatory standards

C. Coordinated measures for EHS and ELES

D. Periodical meeting for grantees,setting research targets, andinteraction with industry and the public

E. International collaboration (International Dialogfor Responsible R&D of Nanotechnology)

MC. Roco, 5/26/05

(Details in Environmental Science and Technology, ACS, March 2005, Overview, 106-112 A)

Four new NSF centers with national outreach

fully or partially dedicated to societal dimensions

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fully or partially dedicated to societal dimensions

MC Roco, 5/26/05

Center for Nanotechnology in Society

(2005 -) Nanotechnology Center Learning and Teaching

(2004 -)

Center for Nanotechnology Informal Science Education

(2005 -)

Center for Hierarchical Nanomanufacturing

(2005 -)

International Dialogue on Responsible

Nanotechnology R&D

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Nanotechnology R&D

Immediate Actions

Recom

mende

dmeasure

s

InternationalDialogue

26 countries

Joint Statement

Current Norms

SurveyInvestm

ents

MC. Roco, 5/26/05

June 2004, Virginia

http://www.nsf.gov/home/crssprgm/nano/dialog.htm

International Dialogue on ResponsibleNanotechnology R&D

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Nanotechnology R&D

MC. Roco, 3/23/05

Activities after the June 2004 International Dialogueon Responsible Nanotechnology (Virginia, U.S.)

October 2004/October 2005 - Occupational Safety Group November 2004 OECD group on nanotechnology

December 2004 Meridian study for developing countries

begins (next meeting in March 2005) December 2004 - International collaboration for

nomenclature and standards has been initiated (ISO)

February 2005 N-S Dialogue on Nanotechnology (UNIDO) March 2005 Education exchange group

May 2005 GNN, MRS (Materials, Education)

July 2005 Discuss International Agreement (host: EC)

Transforming and Responsibledevelopment of nanotechnology

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development of nanotechnology

Reaching at the building blocks of matter for all manmade

and living systems, with the nanotechnology platform -

makes transforming tools more powerful and unintendedconsequences more important than for other technologies.

There is a need for an anticipatory and corrective approach in- planning: to be transforming, responsible, visionary

- infrastructure development

- addressing societal implications- risk governance:of nanotechnology and converging

new technologies at national and global levels;

Evaluation of nanotechnology governance by IRGC

M.C. Roco, 5/26/05