Global Evolutionary Energy Design Practical Significance ...geedindia.org/Presentations/Microsoft...
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Program --Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
Presented by SMH Adil, [email protected], (M) +91 9873588571
Practical Significance of Life Cycle Cost Practical Significance of Life Cycle Cost
AnalysisAnalysis
&&
Use of CFD in Micro Climate Designing Use of CFD in Micro Climate Designing
and Optimizing Building Cooling & and Optimizing Building Cooling &
Ventilation SystemVentilation System
Program Program -- Training for Trainers, CEPT University AhmadabadTraining for Trainers, CEPT University Ahmadabad
ByBy
SMH AdilSMH Adil
EECN (Energy Efficiency & Carbon Neutrality) GroupEECN (Energy Efficiency & Carbon Neutrality) Group
Global Evolutionary Energy Design,, New DelhiGlobal Evolutionary Energy Design,, New Delhi
GGlobal lobal EEvolutionary volutionary EEnergy nergy DDesignesign
Program
Program --Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
Presented by SMH Adil, [email protected], (M) +91 9873588571
Lectures CoverageLectures Coverage
•• Life Cycle Cost Analysis (30 minutes)Life Cycle Cost Analysis (30 minutes)– Case Study 1 - Glazing Selection of a Large Commercial Building,
Punjab
– Case Study 2 - Life Cycle Cost of Renewable Energy System Installation
– Small Exercise
•• Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Building Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Building Application (10 minutes)Application (10 minutes)– Case Study 1 - Ventilation Design of A Large Basement
– Case Study 2 - Natural Ventilation in a Home
– Case Study 3 - Air Conditioning of Darbar Hall, RashtrapatiBhawan New Delhi.
– Case Study 4 -Micro Climate Design of 47 Acre City In Punjab
•• Question Answer SessionQuestion Answer Session
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
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Which is the best One•• The OptionsThe Options
1.1. SGSG--6LowE (INR1300/m6LowE (INR1300/m22))
2.2. DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear (INR2500/m6Clear (INR2500/m22))
3.3. TGTG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--6Air6Air--6Clear (INR4000/m6Clear (INR4000/m22))
4.4. QGQG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--6Air6Air-- 6Clear6Clear--6Argon6Argon--6Clear (INR6000/m6Clear (INR6000/m22))
5.5. DGDG--6Clear6Clear--13Air13Air--6Clear (INR2000/m6Clear (INR2000/m22))
6.6. SGSG--6Clear (INR600/m6Clear (INR600/m22))
7.7. DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Air13Air--6Clear (INR2800/m6Clear (INR2800/m22))
8.8. DGDG--6LowE6LowE--20Air20Air--6Clear (INR2200/m6Clear (INR2200/m22))
9.9. DGDG--6LowE6LowE--6Argon6Argon--6Clear (INR3000/m6Clear (INR3000/m22))
10.10. DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--ChinaChina--Blue Green Blue Green (INR2100/m(INR2100/m22))
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
Presented by SMH Adil, [email protected], (M) +91 9873588571
What is LCCAWhat is LCCA
Definition:Definition:
•• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Handbook 135, 1995 edition, defines Life Cycle Cost (LCC) asHandbook 135, 1995 edition, defines Life Cycle Cost (LCC) as
“The total discounted dollar cost of owning, operating, “The total discounted dollar cost of owning, operating,
maintaining, and disposing of a building or a building system” maintaining, and disposing of a building or a building system”
over a period of time.over a period of time.
–– Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is an economic evaluation techniLife Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is an economic evaluation technique que
that determines the total cost of owning and operating a facilitthat determines the total cost of owning and operating a facility over y over
period of time.period of time.
–– You can apply LCCA, any were, when their are certain appreciatioYou can apply LCCA, any were, when their are certain appreciation or n or
depreciation of cost is involveddepreciation of cost is involved
–– Sometimes it is called a "cradleSometimes it is called a "cradle--toto--grave analysis", or "Wombgrave analysis", or "Womb--toto--
Tomb“ costTomb“ cost
–– This require only the basic understanding of time value of moneyThis require only the basic understanding of time value of money
–– And few specialized processes, which can evaluate the cost of And few specialized processes, which can evaluate the cost of
operation, like Annual Energy use, Maintenance cost, Inflation operation, like Annual Energy use, Maintenance cost, Inflation
patterns, and other discounts in the form of subsidiaries and tapatterns, and other discounts in the form of subsidiaries and taxesxes
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
Presented by SMH Adil, [email protected], (M) +91 9873588571
How to Calculate LCC
• Variables in LCC Calculation
– Cost Variables
• Capital Cost
• Maintenance Cost
• Energy Cost
• Repair Cost
• Replacement Cost
– Discount Rates
• Inflation Parameter
• Depreciation
• Govt. Subsidiaries and Taxes or Appreciation
– Residual Values (Net Worth of alternative after
Study Periods which is 25 to 30 yr for Building
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
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Financial Indicators
•• Simple Payback Simple Payback
–– A measure of how long it will take before the investment starts A measure of how long it will take before the investment starts paying paying backback
•• Return on Investment (ROI) and Internal Rate of Return Return on Investment (ROI) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) (IRR)
–– A measure that allow comparison with other investment optionsA measure that allow comparison with other investment options
•• Net Present Value (NPV) and Cash Flow Net Present Value (NPV) and Cash Flow
–– A measures that allow financial planning of the project and provA measures that allow financial planning of the project and provide ide the company with all the information needed to incorporate energthe company with all the information needed to incorporate energy y efficiency projects into the corporate financial system.efficiency projects into the corporate financial system.
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
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The Key Formulas
Source: BEE Course ware
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
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Case Study 1 Case Study 1 -- Glazing Selection Glazing Selection
Based on Life Cycle CostBased on Life Cycle Cost
oo ObjectivesObjectivesoo What is the best and the poorest glazing option available? And hWhat is the best and the poorest glazing option available? And how far are ow far are
they in terms of relative operational cost.they in terms of relative operational cost.
oo Why not to use an inexpensive glass and what will be the financiWhy not to use an inexpensive glass and what will be the financial al
consequences of operation. consequences of operation.
oo What percent operational efficiencies would we get if we use a bWhat percent operational efficiencies would we get if we use a better glass etter glass
compare to a notional building façade compare to a notional building façade
oo What are the figure of relative saving in $, INR for all the tenWhat are the figure of relative saving in $, INR for all the ten façade façade
options?options?
oo What is the total fraction of electricity bill for building withWhat is the total fraction of electricity bill for building with all the ten all the ten
façade options? façade options?
oo What are the losses associated with the operations of building iWhat are the losses associated with the operations of building in n
KWh/m2.Yr considering all the ten façade options?KWh/m2.Yr considering all the ten façade options?
oo What are the life cycle cost (LCC) for the different option compWhat are the life cycle cost (LCC) for the different option compared with ared with
notional optionnotional option
oo What is the pay back with 3% to 4% energy inflation over the perWhat is the pay back with 3% to 4% energy inflation over the period of 25 iod of 25
year?year?
Program
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
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Case Study 1Case Study 1-- Types of Glazing Types of Glazing
EvaluatedEvaluated
•• The OptionsThe Options
–– SGSG--6LowE 6LowE
–– DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear 6Clear
–– TGTG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--6Air6Air--6Clear6Clear
–– QGQG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--6Air6Air-- 6Clear6Clear--6Argon6Argon--6Clear 6Clear
–– DGDG--6Clear6Clear--13Air13Air--6Clear6Clear
–– SGSG--6Clear (Notional Building Case)6Clear (Notional Building Case)
–– DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Air13Air--6Clear6Clear
–– DGDG--6LowE6LowE--20Air20Air--6Clear6Clear
–– DGDG--6LowE6LowE--6Argon6Argon--6Clear6Clear
–– DGDG--6LowE6LowE--13Argon13Argon--6Clear6Clear--ChinaChina--Blue Blue GreenGreen
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Total Annual Fuel Usage with Standard Total Annual Fuel Usage with Standard
Operation of Different Glass OptionsOperation of Different Glass Options
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Relative Annual Saving in KWh when Compared Relative Annual Saving in KWh when Compared
from Notional Building Energy Usefrom Notional Building Energy Use
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Relative Annual Saving for Each Glass Option in Relative Annual Saving for Each Glass Option in
(INR) from Notional Building Energy Use(INR) from Notional Building Energy Use
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Relative Annual Saving in KWh/mRelative Annual Saving in KWh/m22.yr When Compared with .yr When Compared with
Notional BuildingNotional Building
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Whole Building Simulation Results and Thermal Properties of Whole Building Simulation Results and Thermal Properties of
Different Glass OptionsDifferent Glass Options
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Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Different Glazing OptionsLife Cycle Cost Assessment of Different Glazing Options
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25 Years Life Cycle Cost Saving when Compared 25 Years Life Cycle Cost Saving when Compared
with the Notional Buildingwith the Notional Building
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-INR 350
-INR 300
-INR 250
-INR 200
-INR 150
-INR 100
-INR 50
INR 0
INR 50
INR 100
INR 150
INR 200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Millions Rupees
DG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-China-BlueGreen
DG-6LowE-6Argon-6Clear
DG-6LowE-20Air-6Clear
DG-6LowE-13Air-6Clear
SG-6Clear(Notional)
DG-6Clear-13Air-6Clear
QG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-6Air-6Clear-6Argon-6Clear
TG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-6Air-6Clear
DG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear
SG-6LowE
Payback Curve for Different Glass Option Considering Payback Curve for Different Glass Option Considering
the Time Value of Moneythe Time Value of Money
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
Presented by SMH Adil, [email protected], (M) +91 9873588571
ResultsResults
1. The highest operational saving is 387 MWh which is attributed to
quadruple glazing. But the LCC analysis does not recommend this
glazing due to its huge initial capital.
2. The analysis suggest the operational cost difference if compared
with the notional building façade, which ranges from 6 to 20 Lakhs
3. Considering building life of 25 yr. and an inflation in energy price
till 2015 as 4% and after that a constant 3 % LCC has been
evaluated. Which indicates that highest LCC come out to be of the
poorest option that is clear single glazed units which is about (INR
+3240,000)
4. Similarly the LCC of china Blue green option whose U value is 1.24
W/m2.C, acceptable SHGC and VT, is coming out to be very less
due to its low initial capital and high performance compared to other
in this investment range.
5. Primary estimate depicts that using china glass for 25 yr would be
saving about (INR -4.38 Cr.) where as other Double glazed façade
options are showing a saving of (INR -1.4 to INR -3.0 Cr.)
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
Presented by SMH Adil, [email protected], (M) +91 9873588571
oo ObjectivesObjectives
– Finding some indicative number
related to the carbon neutrality
– Evaluation of Energy
performance and Benchmarking
– financial indicator like Life
Cycle Cost (LCC) and payback
etc for the in house renewable
energy generation base on the
2007 operational data
Case Study 2 Case Study 2 -- Life Cycle Cost of Renewable Life Cycle Cost of Renewable
Energy System InstallationEnergy System Installation
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Project Description
• The Building is LEED Platinum Rated Green Building Situated in Dubai
• It is approximately 10,000 m2 in area and a half shell type in space planning and structure.
• Apart form optimum envelop fabrics selection i.e. glazing, roof and walls materials, it is orientated well, it also utilize daylight in a good manner .
• The Building also house renewable energy generating systems
• It includes 35 KW solar Photovoltaic System with inverter whose panel are mounted on roof. The Number of PV panel is 336 and Area of single panel is 1.815 m x 1.030 m or 1.87 m2
• Solar hot water generating system for use in a vapor absorption chiller for assistance in base cooling load of the green building.. The total number of hot water solar panel is 240 and area of a single panel is 3 x 1 m = 3 m2. This is used as a heat source to 90 Tonvapor absorption chiller.
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Energy Mix and Carbon Offset Data
113, 21%
434, 79%
Tons of Carbon
Saved from
Dumping to
Atmosphere
Total Carbon
emmited in to the
Atomosphere
80%
9%
11%Cost of
Electricity Paid
Cost offset by
Photovoltaics
Electricity
Cost offset by
VAM
Carbon Offset
Energy and Cost Mix
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
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LCC for Photovoltaic System
-1200000
-1000000
-800000
-600000
-400000
-200000
0
200000
400000
600000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Years
AED
The area chart shows the yearly life cycle cost components of
Solar Photovoltaic electricity generation system
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
Presented by SMH Adil, [email protected], (M) +91 9873588571
LCC for Solar Hot Water Based Cooling
System
-1200000
-1000000
-800000
-600000
-400000
-200000
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Years
AED
This area chart the yearly life cycle cost components of Solar Hot Water
powered VAM Based Cooling system.
Program
Program --Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
Presented by SMH Adil, [email protected], (M) +91 9873588571
Results
• The total energy use from the utility is 1400 MWh. This is about 80% of the actual energy demand for the building. Rest of the 20% was generated in-house by renewable energy generating setups.
• 9% and 11% of the energy demands were met by solar photovoltaic electricity and solar hot water based cooling system respectively.
• The operational pay back on both the technology i.e. solar photovoltaic and solar hot water based cooling system considering a an average 4% energy price inflation for next 25 years is coming out to be 12a and 13a yr. respectively.
• The life cycle cost of both the renewable energy technologies implemented in green building is resulting to a saving of AED 0.94 million and AED 1.06 million in the life span of 25 years.
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Training for Trainers CEPT University Ahmadabad
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• Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD in Building Air Flow Simulation– Conservation of mass †
– Conservation of linear momentum†
– Conservation of energy
– Equation of state
– Initial and boundary conditions
• CFD Approach in Building– Assembling the governing equations
– Identifying flow domain and boundary conditions
– Geometrical discretization of flow domain
– Discretization of the governing equations
– Incorporation of boundary conditions
– Solution of resulting algebraic equations
– Post-solution analysis and reformulation, if needed
Ventilation System and Micro
Climate Design using Computational
Fluid Dynamics
† Mass and momentum conservation equations together are usually called Navier-Stokes equations
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Case Study 1 - Ventilation Design of
A Large BasementGOALS:
• Avoid Short Circuiting of Air
• Maintain Comfortable air velocity
• Check for Age of Air in the premises.
• Trace the path of smoke in case of fire
• Equipment sizing for controlled micro climate
• Transient Simulation for Pollutant Dispersion
• Fire Spread analysis for refuge area identification
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Results
Velocity Thematic Stream Lines
1. Dead air spot identified
2. Age of air has been calculated
3. Static pressure requirement has
been obtained
1. Path of Smoke has been obtained
2. Placement of air moving device like
jet fans identified
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GOAL:
• To find the right strategy to use the
atriums for ventilation
• To work out the natural ventilation
rate in average weather
• To study the effect of heat load on
ventilation
• To study the cooling wall convectors
and their operation
Case Study 2 - Natural Ventilation
in a Home
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1. The house would remain at negative
pressure as soon as out side warm air
finds a large way into the house from
door and windows
2. About 1 Pa pressure differential is
achieved though this passive strategy
3. it is recommended that this strategy is
to be used when out side environment
is pleasant and no internal cooling or
heating arrangement is working
4. 5 to 10 m3 of air flow, 0.5 ACH
1 The above concept of cold breeze
falling on the common areas is
better visible in the temperature
contour.
2 It also shows that the bar, stair and
rest of the common areas are well
cooled. This is only achieved by
closing the small atrium which is
intern suppressing the buoyant
warn air movement from that
atriums.
Results
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GOALGOAL::
• To preserve its monumental status a
hidden air conditioning system has to
be installed.
• Required grill velocities to be
determined to make sure that the
throw of air is not felt.
• To maintain the temperature of 23oC
at the occupant height
• Strategy need to be worked out to
used the nine existing stone grill and
the top atrium hole
• Air flow rate required need to be
calculated for 600 occupants
• And temperature of treated fresh air
need to be determined
Total Volume= 7530 m3
Case Study 3 – Cooling &
Ventilation Design of a Hall
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Temperature profile of the section
of the hall which is depicting the
throw of cold air.
Temperature profile of the section
of the hall which is depicting the
throw of cold air from a different
section
Results
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Velocity Profile at the occupant height
Temperature Profile at the occupant
height
Results Contd.
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N
S
E
W
1. Steady State Climate Simulation were performed
2. Wind coming from various direction
3. The Boundary condition kept were, nominal wind velocity as 13 m/s **, temperature of 35oC , Ground at temperature of 30 oC and building at 32 oC
** Source ASHARE weather data
Case Study 4 – Micro Climate Design
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N
S
E
W
1.1. Wind is Coming Wind is Coming
form South West to form South West to
North East with a North East with a
nominal velocity @ nominal velocity @
13 13 m/sm/s and 35 and 35 00CC
2.2. The thematic view The thematic view
at left side is at left side is
depicting the wind depicting the wind
velocity profile at velocity profile at
30 m height from 30 m height from
groundground
Winds from South West to North EastWinds from South West to North East
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N
S
E
W Temperature Profile Near GroundTemperature Profile Near Ground
1.1. Wind is Coming Wind is Coming
form South to form South to
North with a North with a
nominal velocity @ nominal velocity @
13 13 m/sm/s and 35 and 35 00CC
2.2. The thematic view The thematic view
at left side is at left side is
depicting the depicting the
temperature profile temperature profile
at near groundat near ground
3.3. The central park The central park
remains relatively remains relatively
cooler than the cooler than the
other open spacesother open spaces
4.4. This thematic is to This thematic is to
be studied only for be studied only for
relative relative
temperature temperature
difference. difference.
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Pressure on building walls
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Q&AQ&A
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