Gerunds:Gerunds:Subject and ObjectSubject and Object

Gerunds:Gerunds:Subject and ObjectSubject and Object

Created by T.NidCreated by T.Nid

Gerunds: As Subjects and Object

Gerund as Subject

Gerund (Subject)

Verb

Smoking causes health problems.

Not smoking is healthier.

Gerunds: As Subjects and Object

Gerund as Object

Subject Verb Gerund (Object)

You should quit smoking.

We suggest not smoking.

Grammar Notes1. A gerund (base form of verb + -ing)

is a verb that we use like a noun.

Ex. 1. Smoking is bad for your health. 2. Swimming is a good exercise. 3. I enjoy running in the park.

Grammar NotesBase form Gerund smoke smoking swim swimming run running eat eating

Grammar Notes• Be careful: Form the negative by

placing not before the gerund.

Ex. 1. Not exercising is bad for you.2. The doctor suggested not drinking coffee for a while.

Grammar Notes2. A gerund can be the subject of a

sentence. It is always singular. Use the third-person-singular form of the verb after gerunds.

Ex. 1. Eating junk food makes me sick. 2. Inhaling smoke gives me

bronchitis.

Grammar Notes• Be careful: Don’t confuse a gerund

with the progressive form of the verb.

Ex. 1. Drinking a lot of coffee is unhealthy.

(gerund)2. He is drinking coffee right now. (progressive form)

Grammar Notes3. A gerund can also be the object of

certain verbs. Use a gerund after these verbs.

admit avoid consider denydislike enjoy finish misspractice quit suggest understand

Grammar Notes

Ex. 1. She avoids hanging out with smokers. 2. Have you ever considered quitting? 3. I dislike sitting near smokers in cafes. 4. Did you miss smoking after you quit? 5. Dr. Ho suggested not staying there late.

Grammar Notes4. We often use go + gerund to describe

activities such as shopping, fishing, skiing, swimming, and camping.

Ex. 1. Let’s go swimming in the lake. 2. I went shopping for running shoes yesterday.

Practice

Can you give me more example?http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/gerund.htm

Writing Project 1 (20 points.)

• Write the story about “My life”• Use all 1st, 2nd, 3rd, Zero conditional

sentences at least 5 sentences.• At least 1 paper (A4)• First draft: June 29th 2009• Due: July 2nd 2009• Don’t copy from others or internet

Evaluation• Creative thinking (5)• Cleaning paper (5)