Grammar_Gerunds Student Name: _____________________Date: __________ Period: ________ Directions: Read the following information.

Gerund: A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, object, or subject complement. Example:

Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (Traveling is the gerund. It is the subject of the sentence.)

They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing. It is the object of the sentence.) I am writing. (Writing is a gerund and a subject complement because ‘to be’ is a linking verb along with

‘become’ and ‘seem.’) Directions: Read the following sentences and underline or highlight all the gerunds in each sentence. Identify whether they are acting as the subject or the object of each sentence. Example: Going to the basketball game is fun. (Subject)

1. My cat is sleeping and eating.

2. The police arrested him for speeding but he didn’t hear the sirens because he likes singing loudly when he drives.

3. Driving can be dangerous, so please make sure that when you drive, eating or texting are not of utmost

priority.

4. Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than what we're trying to do.

5. I hope that you appreciate my offering you this opportunity. Do not continue until you have reviewed your work and feel confident you will be able to complete the rest of the exercise without looking at the rules!

Directions: Fold your paper along this line.

Directions: Read the following sentences and underline or highlight all the gerunds in each sentence. Identify whether they are acting as the subject or the object of each sentence.

1. You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid work.

2. Being the boss made Jeff feel uneasy.

3. Smoking is very bad for your health, so you can avoid going to the doctor for lung issues by abstaining.

4. No one is surprised that Ms. Elmore’s favorite hobbies are reading and drinking coffee.

5. You may not think that drinking coffee is not a hobby but Ms. Elmore likes it more than playing video

games!

Mastery? __________/_________

Grammar_Infinitives Student Name: _____________________Date: __________ Period: ________ Directions: Read the following information.

An infinitive is a verbal consisting of the word “to” plus a verb (in its simplest "stem" form) and functioning as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Example:

To wait seemed foolish when decisive action was required. (subject) Everyone wanted to go. (object)

Directions: Read the following sentences and underline or highlight all the infinitives in each sentence. Identify whether they are acting as the subject or the object of each sentence Example: To go to the basketball game is fun. (Subject)

6. My cat's favorite activities loves to sleep and to eat.

7. The police arrested him for speeding but he didn’t hear the sirens because he likes to sing loudly when he drives.

8. To drive in rainy weather can be dangerous, so please make sure that when you drive, you are not

attempting to eat or to text.

9. To buy lunch in the cafeteria unfortunately requires money.

10. They asked me to bring some food.

Do not continue until you have reviewed your work and feel confident you will be able to complete the rest of the exercise without looking at the rules! Directions: Fold your paper along this line.

Directions: Read the following sentences and underline or highlight all the infinitives in each sentence. Identify whether they are acting as the subject or the object of each sentence

6. You might get in trouble if you try to fake an illness to avoid work.

7. We intended to go out for dinner but I had a paper to write for homework. .

8. To smoke is very bad for your health.

9. No one is surprised that Ms. Elmore’s likes to read and to drink coffee in her free time.

10. Please plan to complete your homework before you start to prepare for bed.

Mastery? __________/_________

Grammar_Verbs Student Name: _____________________Date: __________ Period: ________ Directions: Read the following information.

An action verb is that specifically describe what the subject of the sentence is doing. He ran down the street. He is running down the street (present progressive). He will run down the street.

A linking verb does not express action. Instead, they connect the subject of the verb to additional information about the subject. Linking verbs include all forms of to be (is, am, are, was, were, has/have been, is/are being, might have been), become, and seem. The following verbs CAN BE linking verbs: appear, feel, grow, look, prove, remain, smell, sound, taste, and turn. If you could substitute is/are for the verb and the sentence still make sense, you have a linking verb.

I am happy. I have been happy. I seem happy. It tasted good.

Directions: Read the following sentences and identify the verbs. Label each verb as either an action verb or a linking verb.

Example: I was really bored during the fight. (Linking Verb)

11. The frightened dog hid under the bed.

12. The alarming noise rang out across the newly mowed yard.

13. It's a really exciting book. I couldn't wait to see who would die.

14. The purchased table received a sign and the sign warned other people that it was purchased.

15. The meal she eat was so large that she became ill.

Do not continue until you have reviewed your work and feel confident you will be able to complete the rest of the exercise without looking at the rules! Directions: Fold your paper along this line.

Directions: Read the following sentences and identify the verbs. Label each verb as either an action verb or a linking verb.

11. London is a bit overwhelming. It's so busy and noisy.

12. I'm very satisfied that I managed to order the meal in French.

13. He recounted his thrilling journey through the jungle to the interested people, and they laughed.

14. The warmed coffee sat in the microwave because Ms. Elmore had forgotten it.

15. Unfortunately, he left his completed homework on his desk at home, and he was sad.

Mastery? __________/_________

Grammar_Participles Student Name: _____________________Date: __________ Period: ________ Directions: Read the following information.

A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed. There are two types of participles: present participles and past participles. Present participles end in -ing. Past participles end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne as in the words asked, eaten, saved, dealt, seen, and gone. Example:

The waiting woman read a magazine. (present participle) The interested audience laughed at every joke. (past participle)

Directions: Read the following sentences and underline or highlight all the participles in each sentence. Identify whether they past or present participles. Example: I was really bored during the fight. (past participle)

16. The frightened dog hid under the bed.

17. The alarming noise rang out across the newly mowed yard.

18. It's a really exciting book. I couldn't wait to find out what happened at the end.

19. The purchased table received a sign warning other potential garage sale buyers.

20. The consumed meal sat heavily in her stomach.

Do not continue until you have reviewed your work and feel confident you will be able to complete the rest of the exercise without looking at the rules! Directions: Fold your paper along this line.

Directions: Read the following sentences and underline or highlight all the participles in each sentence. Identify whether they past or present participles.

16. I find London a bit overwhelming. It's so busy and noisy.

17. I'm very satisfied that I managed to order the meal in French.

18. He recounted his thrilling journey through the jungle to the interested people.

19. The warmed coffee sat in the microwave because Ms. Elmore had forgotten it.

20. Unfortunately, he left his completed homework on his desk at home.

Mastery? __________/_________

Grammar_Independent and Dependent Clauses Student Name: _____________________Date: __________ Period: ________

Directions: Read the following information.

A CLAUSE is a sentence or part of a sentence that contains a subject verb pair.

An INDEPENDENT CLAUSE can stand alone as a full sentence. It has a subject and a verb. • I walk. • Sometimes I run.

A DEPENDENT CLAUSE cannot stand alone. It begins with a subordinating conjunction: although, because, when, if, even though, before, after, unless, while, where, until.

• Although I like cookies • Unless we bake cookies

NOTE: Coordinating conjunctions can combine two independent clauses or be contained within a single clause.

• I walk, but sometimes I run. (the conjunction combines two independent clauses) • Sara and John run. (the conjunction simply connects to the two subjects in this independent clause.

Directions: Identify the underlined clauses as either independent, dependent, or NOT A CLAUSE.

Example: __dependent_ John played football while Mabel went shopping.

1. __________________We decided to go fishing and to camp out at the lake.

2. __________________Those clouds promise rain, so we should hurry up and leave before we get caught in

a flash flood.

3. __________________Since we had only gone a mile from camp, we decided to return before dark.

4. __________________After the tornado hit, my house was completely destroyed.

5. __________________ The island was filled with many winding trails, a small lake, and dangerous wild pigs.

6. __________________ Naoki passed the test because he studied hard and understood the material.

7. __________________During last night's game, the bases were loaded, and Bob hit a grand slam.

8. __________________John went to school today, but James remained at home.

Do not continue until you have reviewed your work and feel confident you will be able to complete the rest of the exercise without looking at the rules! Directions: Fold your paper along this line.

Directions: Identify the underlined clauses as either independent, dependent, or NOT A CLAUSE. 9. __________________Older television sets had tubes; the newest models, which take less space, are digital

televisions.

10. __________________The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.

11. __________________ Juan played football while Juanita went shopping.

12. __________________ Although Mexico has the better football team, it lost.

13. __________________If you distribute the ballots, I will count them.

14. __________________Barbara and Joanne whispered and giggled all night.

Mastery? __________/_________

Grammar_Sentence Types Student Name: _____________________Date: __________ Period: ________

Directions: Read the following information.

Now that we can identify independent and dependent clauses, we can determine sentence type. There are four types of sentences. 1) Simple Sentence= 1 independent clause.

Ex. I walk to school. 2) Compound Sentence=2 independent clauses (joined by a semicolon or a coordinating conjunction)

Ex: I walk to school, and I drive to the grocery. 3) Complex Sentence=1 independent clause and at least 1 dependent clause.

Ex. After I come home from school, I walk to my best friend’s house. 4) Compound-Complex Sentence= 2 independent clauses and at least 1 dependent clause.

Ex. After I come home from school, I walk to my best friend’s house, and we do our homework together. Directions: Identify the clause pattern of each sentence by highlighting the different types of clauses. THEN, identify each of the following as fragments, simple sentences, complex sentences, compound, or compound-complex sentences. 1. ________________ American women have held positions of responsible political leadership in the development of

our nation.

2. ________________As we study the history of our government, we become aware that many women have been appointed or elected to high government positions.

3. ________________ Amanda loved the sound of the orchestra at her school’s winter concert, and she decided then to study the violin.

4. ________________ Although they don’t now, Kentucky and Vermont had female governors, and now Houston has a female mayor.

5. ________________ Tonight I am going to a concert with my parents, but I would prefer to play chess with you.

6. ________________ When she was in the sixth grade, Amanda played a full-sized piano.

Do not continue until you have reviewed your work and feel confident you will be able to complete the rest of the exercise without looking at the rules!

Directions: Fold your paper along this line.

1. ___________________Pauline and Bruno have a big argument every summer because they can’t decide where they should spend their summer vacation.

2. ___________________Pauline loves to go to the beach and spend her days sunbathing.

3. ___________________Bruno, on the other hand, likes the view that he gets from the log cabin up in the mountains, and he enjoys hiking in the forest.

4. ___________________Pauline says there is nothing relaxing about chopping wood, swatting mosquitoes, and cooking over a woodstove.

5. ___________________Bruno dislikes sitting on the beach because he always gets a nasty sunburn.

6. ___________________Bruno tends to get bored sitting on the beach, watching the waves, getting sand in his swimsuit, and reading detective novels for a week.

7. ___________________This year, after a lengthy, noisy debate, they decided to take separate vacations.

Mastery? __________/_________

Grammar _Sentence Types Review 2 Student Name: _____________________Date: __________ Period: ________

Directions: Review the following information.

1) Simple Sentence= 1 independent clause. 2) Compound Sentence=2 independent clauses (joined by a semicolon or a coordinating conjunction) 3) Complex Sentence=1 independent clause and at least 1 dependent clause. 4) Compound-Complex Sentence= 2 independent clauses and at least 1 dependent clause.

Directions: Write sentences in response to the following prompts.

1. Write a simple sentence about a dog. 2. Write a compound complex sentence about what you did yesterday. 3. Write a compound sentence about your middle school. 4. Write a complex sentence about a small green alien (like the ones in Toy Story). 5. Write a compound sentence about your favorite food. 6. Write a compound sentence about your favorite food.

Directions: Review the following information.

1) Simple Sentence= 1 independent clause. 2) Compound Sentence=2 independent clauses (joined by a semicolon or a coordinating conjunction) 3) Complex Sentence=1 independent clause and at least 1 dependent clause. 4) Compound-Complex Sentence= 2 independent clauses and at least 1 dependent clause.

Directions: Write four sentences, each one a different type of sentence. Mix up the order of the sentences. Write clearly so that your neighbor will be able to read your sentences.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Sentence Types Review Student Name: __________________________Date: _________ Period: ______ Directions: Review the following.

5) Simple Sentence= 1 independent clause. 6) Compound Sentence=2 independent clauses (joined by a semicolon or a coordinating conjunction) 7) Complex Sentence=1 independent clause and at least 1 dependent clause. 8) Compound-Complex Sentence= 2 independent clauses and at least 1 dependent clause.

Directions: For each of the sentences below, highlight independent and dependent clauses. Circle subordinating conjunctions. Finally, label each sentence by type. 1. ________________Ms. Elmore’s dog’s name is Scout, and Scout is named after the main character in To Kill a

Mockingbird.

2. ________________Because the main character in the book was curious and adventurous, Ms. Elmore thought that

“Scout” would be an appropriate name for her dog.

3. ________________Ms. Elmore’s friend found Scout on the street while she was going for a jog one day.

4. ________________Ms. Elmore’s friend does have a name, and her name is Danielle Pickul (said like pickle).

5. ________________Danielle Pickul told Ms. Elmore that Scout was a mix between a lab and a Chihuahua.

6. ________________When Ms. Elmore took Scout to the vet, she expected that the vet would disagree with Danielle

as to Scout’s lineage.

7. ________________Surprisingly, the vet nodded his head sagely in agreement with Danielle Pickul.

8. ________________If Ms. Elmore had known that Scout had a serious problem, she would have asked the vet about

it right then, but she did not know about the problem until later.

9. ________________When Ms. Elmore took Scout home, she discovered that Scout is and was and will be an addict.

10. ________________Thankfully, Scout is not addicted to coffee, gambling, or drugs.

11. ________________Scout is addicted to tennis balls, and it is becoming a serious problem.

12. ________________Ms. Elmore can no longer take Scout on long excursions to the dog park because Scout becomes

obsessed with the tennis balls of other dogs.

13. ________________Scout has no shame, and she will rudely interrupt other dogs and their owners as they play

innocent games of fetch.

14. ________________Scout has become an embarrassment and can no longer go to dog parks.

15. ________________ Regardless of Scout’s embarrassing addiction, Ms. Elmore still loves Scout, and they play fetch

regularly in the safety and seclusion of their backyard.

Mastery: _________/__________

Grammar Review Student Name: ____________________________Date: _________ Period: ______ Directions: Write definitions of the following parts of speech. Use your notes from previous do firsts as necessary.

1. Gerund-

2. Participle-

3. Infinitive-

4. Linking Verb-

5. Preposition-

Directions: Identify the part of speech of each word in the following sentences.

1. Walking is always good for your health.

2. The melted cheese dripped down the sides of the delicious sandwich.

Direction: Identify the following as either “I” for independent clause, “D” for dependent clause, or “NAC” for not a clause.

1. ____ Before going to the doctor, he googled his symptoms to see what was wrong.

2. ____ While he was travelling to Thailand, he used his time on the plane to write a long letter to his mom.

3. ____ They bought the lunch that he had recommended, and they enjoyed it immensely.

4. ____ Drinking coffee on Sunday morning is the best think in the whole wide world according to Ms. Elmore.

5. ____ The decided to go for a walk in the park, and afterwards, they sat and ate doughnuts at a café.

Directions: Identify the following sentences as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.

1. _____________ Going to the grocery on Sundays is not a wise decision because they are always so crowded!

2. _____________ It is wise to start studying for your unit exam now, and if you do, you will not become

overwhelmed the night before the exam.

3. _____________ There are rumors that you will also have a Biology exam at the beginning of next week.

4. _____________ This weekend John plans to go kayaking in Galveston, bake brownies in his new oven, and read

a new book on the origin of vampires.

5. _____________ Morgyn may have the best selection of hats this side of the Mississippi river.

6. _____________ Halloween is getting closer, and it is crucial that you begin preparing your costume now.

Final Grammar Review Student Name: _______________________Date: _____ Period: _____ Directions: Identify the following sentences as either simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex. 1. ______________Ms. Elmore says that you should enjoy your day today.

2. ______________You should enjoy all the crazy costumes that everyone is wearing.

3. ______________Although you should enjoy your day, you should also remember that Monday is the unit exam.

4. ______________Because Monday is the unit exam, you should not forget to focus your excited energies in class.

5. ______________If you have questions that do not get answered in class today, I do have tutorials at lunch and after

school.

6. ______________You should remember to study your literary devices, complete your multiple choice practice, and

review both tone and vocabulary.

7. ______________On Monday, you will be tested over vocab, grammar, and recall.

8. ______________On Tuesday, you will have to answer questions about a myth that we haven’t read and a poem that

we haven’t read.

9. ______________Your multiple choice practice will prepare you for the reading portion of the exam if you take it

seriously.