GEOGRAPHICAL LEVEL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF IP … · Key words: IP addressing, Dual Stack,...

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 11, Issue 9, September 2020, pp. 566-581, Article ID: IJARET_11_09_058

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/issues.asp?JType=IJARET&VType=11&IType=9

ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499

DOI: 10.34218/IJARET.11.9.2020.058

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

GEOGRAPHICAL LEVEL PERFORMANCE

ANALYSIS OF IP ADDRESSING- IPV4 VS IPV6

Akmal Rehan

Department of Computer Science,

Faculty of Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, 38000.

Muhammad Anwar Shahid

School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, Canada

Salman Afsar Awan



Ahmed Mateen

Dean, Faculty of Informatics, Tajik State University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

Raim Odenaev



ABSTRACT

Internet protocol is one of the main communication protocols used by social

networks. It is used to connect different devices to the network otherwise

communication is not possible. Recently, an existing online version of the Internet

such as IPv4 has been experiencing address fatigue. However, this problem can be

solved with a next-generation internet protocol such as the IPv6 version. Moreover,

both processes are incompatible. But after implementing certain transformation

processes, these processes can be combined. There are various conversion processes

available such as Dual stack, Tunneling, Network Address Translation etc. that define

the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 environment. In this study, the effectiveness of the

Dual Stack switching strategy is analyzed by a different network size. In addition,

another network topology has also adopted design for network design. Extensive tests

are being performed to test network performance by changing its size. The

conclusions of this study will support business and organizational levels who are

obliged to use certain technologies to complete their online business activities. In

addition, the priorities following the migration of organizations from IPv4 to IPV6 are

also emphasized.

Geographical Level Performance Analysis of IP Addressing - IPV4 VS IPV6


Key words: IP addressing, Dual Stack, Tunneling, Network Address Translation,

Routers

Cite this Article: Akmal Rehan, Muhammad Anwar Shahid, Salman Afsar Awan,

Ahmed Mateen and Raim Odenaev, Geographical Level Performance Analysis of IP

Addressing - IPV4 VS IPV6, International Journal of Advanced Research in

Engineering and Technology, 11(9), 2020, pp. 566-581.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/issues.asp?JType=IJARET&VType=11&IType=9

1. INTRODUCTION

In 1972, Robert Elliott Kahn presented the APRANET at an international computer

communications conference by connecting 20 different computers. This combination raises

the idea of package change. Package switching technology has assisted Robert in connecting

to various computer networks by developing the TCP / IP protocol. This forms the basis for

an open network of external software and hardware connections that allow users to

communicate globally. At that time TCP was deliberately designed the whole network should

be made up of smaller shrinking networks. These networks came to be called the gate [1].

There should be no single breakdown or point of network failure. The information to be

delivered to the network must be provided with a serial number according to the TCP / IP

protocol. If at the time of transfer, the information is lost, it must be reinstated. All data

packets must be accompanied by a checksum, which is part of the digital data minute used to

detect errors [2].

1.1. Network Topologies

The open system interconnection specifies the ways by which a network can be configured. It

consists of seven layers which are divided into three groups. The first group includes the

physical layer which tells about the physical arrangement of the network. Configuration of the

network can be done in several ways. Each arrangement has its own working and

functionality. The interconnected devices make an arrangement in a network which is termed

as Topology. Topology can be described in two ways that is physically and logically.

Physical topology describes the ways in which devices are linked together in the network

while logical topology defines the adopted communication mode of the devices in the network

[3].

1.2. Internet Protocol Version 4

The global network of connected computer networks uses internet technology that uses the

internet protocol suite TCP / IP. This protocol connects billions of devices to the Internet.

Works with TCP and UDP integration. A virtual connection is established between the host

and the destination by sending data packets. With the help of the TCP / IP protocol suite, the

bidirectional link stops from the link between the source and your destination. Every device

connected to the Internet requires a different public IP address [4].

The existing Internet protocol IPv4 is 32-bits long and is used as a standard Internet

protocol. It was developed as the first version of an online protocol in 1970. It is an offline

protocol that works best on a modified packet network. The total number of IPv4 addresses

provided is approximately 4,294,967,296 billion approximately [5]. Available address lists do

not meet the demand for Internet users' addresses due to an increase in the number of Internet-

based devices. It offers reduced low cost services, reduced delays and increased reliability and

power installation. To ensure data integrity, a checksum can be added to its header. Those

head flags that bind together the cracked data packets. Before sending data the sender and

Akmal Rehan, Muhammad Anwar Shahid, Salman Afsar Awan, Ahmed Mateen and Raim Odenaev


receiver are included with a 32-bit IPv4 address. Figure 1 shows the header structure of the

IPv4 data packet [6].

Figure 1 Header format of IPv4

1.3. Internet Protocol Version 6

IPv6 is a follower of IPv4. It is designed when it becomes clear that the IPv4 address address

is exhausted and over time will be completely depleted. In addition, it comes with many

different benefits than the previous version. The added benefit is its flexible title format with

128-bit lengths. In addition, built-in privacy support and allowable support, multiple

upgrades, automatic adjustments and simplified package capabilities also contribute to its

efficient operation [7]. Except that IPv6 is being developed as a surrogate and other IPv4, but

it has not been fully adopted. Depending on the data transfer mode, both IP domains transmit

data as packets over the Internet [8].

The format formats of IPv4 and IPv6 data packets are very different in that they are not

compatible and interoperable, but can exist on the same network. Co-operative living

strategies include two translation solutions, networking and network address. The main

structure of the IPv6 data pack in Figure 2 is as follows:

Figure 2 Header format of IPv6

1.4. Types of IPv6 Addresses

The term IP is generic in sense that whenever it is uttered that implies the addresses

prescribed by IPv4. In 1979, an experiment was made on Internet Stream Protocol (ISP) and

the address allocated for it was IPv5 [9]. But it was not broach as IPv5 which resulted into the



version gap. So, the scarcity of IP addresses was fulfilled by some organizations by using

network address translation which maps single IP address to multiple IPv4 addresses. The

addressing scheme of IPv6 is flexible which eradicate the need of address translation and

practice of using private addresses. Moreover, its addresses could be broadcast at global level

moderately rather than by actual region. There are different types of IPv6 addresses such as

anycast, multicast and unicast [10].

These addresses are classified based on communication modes and interfaces. The

transition of addresses makes a tailored roadmap consisting of variant phases. The first phase

involved the internet facing services which implies dual stack to sustain functionality of IPv4

addresses in presence of IPv6 internet. The capability of two internet protocols is judged in

terms of security, web servers, ISP router and Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The second phase

makes the availability of IPv6 internet to users by internally deploying on one or more

endpoints [11]. The third phase performs migration towards dual stack. In fourth phase,

migration of applications occurs in which all network protocols are migrated to IPv6. Fifth

phase is the final phase in which complete immigration to IPv6 is performed [12].

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1. Prototyping Model

This study aims to test the effectiveness of two stack LAN switching. But first, the stack

conversion process was applied to the LAN to see its performance. The prototyping model has

improved the simulation performance. Each model is designed in relation to a specific

network science. Since the tests were conducted, travel time for contact management and

information about packages has been analyzed. In addition, different simulations have been

performed based on different network sizes.

2.2. Test for Local Area Network

The most common type of computer networks is LAN that covers a small area and makes

association between the devices. A specific geographical location is used to make a LAN. It

can range from an office to a building or group of buildings. The typical LAN networks

consists of switches, routers, cables and devices that let the users to connect to the internet or

some other LAN networks. To validate LAN network Wi-Fi and Ethernet cable is used, which

specifies the communication [14].

2.3. Prototyping Model for LAN

The network structure exhibited in Figure 3 is a Local Area Network (LAN) configuring dual

stack transition strategy. It is representing an office consisting of three floor building. The

first floor consists of two devices. One device is IPv4 based while other is IPv6 based. On the

second floor, two routers representing Cisco 2811 are implemented. A server is placed at the

third floor of the office [15]. The routers are connected through serial cables while devices

and server are connected through cross cables. The whole network structure is made under

bus topology of the network.



Figure 3 Local Area Network Configuration

2.4. Addressing Table for LAN

There are two devices used in the above mentioned scenario. One device is IPv4 based while

other device is IPv6 based [16]. The routers and server are enabled with both IP schemes i.e.

routers and server are dual stacked and are configured with both IPv4 and IPv6. The relative

IP addresses of devices and their gateway are listed in the Table 1.

Table 1 LAN address table

Device Name IP Address Gateway

PC-0 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.1

PC-1 2001:1:1:1::1 2001:1:1:1::2

Router-0 10.2.2.1 N/A

Router-0 2001:2:2:2::1 N/A

Router-1 10.2.2.2 N/A

Router-1 2001:2:2:2::2 N/A

Router-1 10.3.3.1 N/A

Router-1 2001:3:3:3::1 N/A

Server-0 10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1

Server-0 2001:3:3:3::2 2001:3:3:3::1

2.5. IP Configuration of Devices for LA

The IP addresses of respective devices and server are assigned as follows:

Click on the device PC0.

On the “Desktop” tab click on the IP configuration.

As PC0 is IPv4 based, assign IP address, default gateway and subnet mask as shown

in Figure 4. A gateway obliges as an access point or IP router that a networked

computer uses to send information to a computer in another network or the internet.



The device which is IPv6 based is assigned with IPv6 address and gateway

respectively as revealed by Figure 5.

Figure 4 IP configuration of IPv4 based device

Figure 5 IPv6 configuration

2.6. Configuration of LAN Router

After assigning ports and IP addresses to each device, routers are configured and check the

“Open” option in the appropriate window as given in Figure 6 and 7.



Figure 6 Router configuration (a)

Figure 7 Router configuration commands for IPv4 device

“No shutdown” will make the interface up to connect the router with the respective

computer device.

The same procedure has been repeated for the PC1 which is IPv6 based. It is

connected to Router0 through “FastEthernet0/1”. Hence, there exist a slight difference

in the configuration commands for PC1 which are captured in figure 8.

Figure 8 Router configuration commands for IPv6 device

Routers are connected to each other using serial cable. As routers are dual stacked, so

both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses sustain on each router. Router0 and check “On” the

“Serial1/0” as shown in figure 9.



Figure 9 Router configuration (b)

The commands to configure both the routers are as depicted by figure 10.

Figure 10 Router configuration commands

2.7. Connectivity Test

Subsequently, assignment of IP addresses to each interface in the LAN, their connectivity is

tested [17]. The connectivity test results gave information about the data packets send,

received and lost and maximum, minimum and average roundtrip time in milli seconds.

Test for Devices

Click on PC0 and on the “Desktop” tab click on the “Command Prompt”.

Type the commands as depicted in Figure 11 below.

The test uses the “ping” command which is used to verify whether or not a network

data packet is capable of being distributed to an address without errors.



Figure 11 Ping result for devices

Test for Routers

Click on the Router0 and open the CLI window.

Given in figure 12 type the following commands.

Figure 12 Ping test for routers

After the individual test of device to router or router to router, overall connectivity of

network was tested. The default routes for IPv4 and IPv6 address were added. The

commands are shown in figure 13 and 14.

Figure 13 Overall connectivity test



Figure 14 Simulation panel

The overall virtual LAN network structured in a bus network topology is shown in

Figure 15 below.

Figure 15 LAN virtual network

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The information collected after simulation consists of two factors, namely the packets and the

time it takes for each packet to reach the destination from the source. This network is built

according to bus topology.



3.1. IPv6 Data Packets

The analysis of dual stack is performed for IPv6 data packets. The Figure 16 reconnoiters the

connectivity test for data send from floor 1 to floor 2 within same building using dual stack

transition technique.

Figure 16 Ping test for LAN (5)

The ping statistics for above figure is given in Table 2.

Table 2 LAN Ping Statistics of IPV6 packet (1)

Ping Statistics Results Ping Statistics Results

Packet send 4 Minimum RTT 0ms

Packet Received 4 Maximum RTT 2ms

Packet Loss 0 Average RTT 0ms

Now in the Figure 17 IPv6 data packet is used but at this time its interface is changed. The

ping result represented in the figure below illustrates the result of data flow when it is passed

from floor 1 to the upper floor of the building to router 1 and interface 2. The default routes

are given to each router so that data could be transferred without any delay.


After interface 2 is tested for IPv6, interface 3 is taken under consideration. IPv6 packet is

sent through PC1 to Server0 implemented at floor 3. Here also the default route is provided to

the data packet before it is send. The result is given in Figure 18.




3.2. LAN Simulation

From the above experimental results, it is clear that the dual stack conversion strategy works

with less damage to IPv6 data transmission when deployed on a LAN network. The maximum

time for data packets from the sender 's end to the receiver end is 10ms and the minimum time

for IPv4 data packets is 10ms and 0ms. The maximum RTT for is 3ms and minimum time is

0ms. Figure 19 and Figure 20 display the final results.

Figure 19 LAN IPv4 packet graph

10

3

1 2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Max

imu

m R

TT

Packet Received

Packet Information for IPv4 Data Packet



Figure 20 LAN IPv6 packet graph

Overhead graphs indicate that IPv6 receives the maximum number of packets during data

transmission when performing the double stack transition strategy as described in the graph.

On the other hand, as shown in the graph in Figure 20, IPv4 data packets may be lost during

transmission. The table 3 below shows the highest percentage of packet when operating their

networks on a star-studded network. Table 3 Comparison of existing results

Our proposed results consist of LAN network and simulation is performed with respect to

mesh and star topology. The findings of the research are given in Table 4.

Table 4 Proposed Results

Performance parameters (LAN) IPv4 IPv6

Percentage of packet loss 50% 50%

Maximum RTT 34ms 19ms

Minimum RTT 0ms 0ms

This table shows the results where it is clear that the two stack flexibility strategies when

used in a small network, work well. While on the larger networks it shows a lot of diversity.

In addition, mesh topology is well suited for large size networks because it offers a device

with many routing options. On the other hand, star topology is also suitable for local

networks, because if it is integrated into large-scale networks, failure at any time can cause

the entire network to shut down. However, this is not the case on the textile fence.

When the sizes of all networks are compared, a graph is formed as shown in Figure 21.

This graph shows many variations in each network size. The graph below shows the IPv4

packets compared in terms of size. Similarly, IPv6 data packet data is shown in Figure 22.

These graphs show that when using a two-stack strategy in a small-sized network, there is not

2

0

3

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Max

imu

m R

TT

IPv6 Packets Received

Packet Information for IPv6 Data Packet

Performance

parameters (LAN)

IPv4 IPv6 Performance

parameters(LAN)

IPv4 IPv6

Percentage of packet

loss

50% 0% Percentage of packet

loss

50% 0%

Maximum RTT 10ms 3ms Maximum RTT 27ms 70ms

Minimum RTT 0ms 0ms Minimum RTT 0ms 0ms



much variation. However, on larger networks, there are many obvious variations from the

graph below.

Figure 21 Comparison of IPv4 packets

Figure 22 Comparison of IPv6 packets

5. CONCLUSION

The Internet protocol is one of the networks’ main communication protocols. It is used to link

variant equipment’s to a network otherwise it is impossible to communicate. Recently, the

existing version of the internet protocol such as IPv4 has been found anguish from the

problem of address tiredness. However, the next generation internet protocol such as IPv6 can

solve this issue. In addition, both protocols are not mutually compliant. But, after applying

some transition approaches, these protocols can coexist. Different transition mechanisms are

accessible, such as Dual Stack, Tunneling, Network Address Translation etc. which are

significantly used for performing flexible migration. Previous research disclosed the use of

these transition mechanisms in a limited and restricted network environment such as for LAN.

In order to accomplish this task, variant experiments have been conducted by fluctuating the

size of network.

In addition to different network sizes, network topologies were also tested for different

tests. Previous studies have shown that astronomical topology ranks in all other network sites.

So the LAN checks separately for each network size. During the measurement, a two-stack



strategy was used for each network and data packets related to the data were collected. This

information includes packet delivery statistics and the time it takes to go from package sender

to recipient. The bottom line is that double stock strategy works best with smaller network

sizes, i.e. LAN. However, it takes longer to send data when installing on a large network size.

Furthermore, in dual stock mode, the data transfer rate of IPv6 packets is faster than that of

IPv4 packets. This means that the second stock strategy works best when IPv6 packets need to

transfer or receive data. However, it works well on smaller networks as a clear indication of

simulation results.

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