Gas

Liquid

Solid Plasma

Bose-Einstein

•Gas has no definite volume or shape.

•Gas will expand indefinitely

•Low density causes even distribution of gasses in containers

Gas

• Definite volume but can change by flowing

• Molecules touch but are able to move around

• Liquids take the shape of their container

Definite shape and volume Tightly packed atoms They are ridged

Ionic solids- Contain ionic bonds and have definite melting points.

Covalent Solids- There is free electron movement between the atoms.

Molecular Solids-Made up of repeating units of molecules.

Metallic Solids- The valence electrons can jump from atom to atom.

Amorphous Solids- Exist in either rubbery or glassy state.

Plasma is an ionized gas, a gas into which sufficient energy is provided to free electrons from atoms or molecules and to allow both species, ions and electrons, to coexist.

In effect a plasma is a cloud of protons, neutrons, and electrons where the electrons have come loose from their respective atoms and molecules, giving the plasma the ability to act as a whole rather than a bunch of atoms

• Plasmas are the most common state of matter in the universe composing more than 99% of our visible universe and most of that not visible.

• Plasma occurs naturally and makes up the matter of our sun, the core of stars and occurs in quasars, x-ray beam emitting pulsars, and super novas.

• Most space plasmas have low density, for example the solar wind averages only 10 particles per cubic cm.

• The collapse of atoms into a single quantum state is known as Bose-condensation.

• It was predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the 1920’s

• Atoms form a superfluid when cooled to temperatures near absolute zero.

• Viscosity- The resistance of a liquid to flow is called Viscosity.

• Surface Tension- The result of attraction between molecules of a liquid which causes the surface of a liquid to act as a thin elastic film under tension. Causes water to form spherical drops.

• Vapor Pressure- The pressure that a solid or liquid exerts when it is in equilibrium with its vapor at a given temperature.

• Boiling Point- When vapor pressure=atmospheric pressure.