Game-Theoretic Network Bandwidth Distribution for … · Game-Theoretic Network Bandwidth...
Transcript of Game-Theoretic Network Bandwidth Distribution for … · Game-Theoretic Network Bandwidth...
Game-Theoretic Network Bandwidth Distribution for Self-
Adaptive Cameras
Gautham Nayak Seetanadi1
Martina Maggio, Karl-Erik Årzen1 Luis Almeida2 Luis Oliveira3
1Department of Automatic Control, Lund University2Universidade do Porto / Faculdade de Engenharia
3Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh
Introduction• Multiple adaptive camera network
• Game-theoretic resource manager
• Improved bandwidth utilisation
• Local PI Control
• Convergence guarantees on bandwidth
Motivation
• Problem of Allocation• Finite Resource
• Multiple Entities
• Fair Bandwidth Distribution
• Global Threshold Limit
• Successfully applied to Multicore systems [1]
[1] M.Maggio et al, “A game-theoretic resource manager for rt applications”, In Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, 2013
Decentralised Resource Allocation
• Resource Manager Allocates Resources
• Cameras Choose Service Level• Change Quality
Data
ControlCamera 1
�1
Camera 2 Camera n
�2 �n Resource Manager
Ethernet
Decentralised Resource Allocation
• Resource Manager Allocates Resources
• Cameras Choose Service Level• Change Quality
• Determines Responsibility�i
Data
ControlCamera 1
�1
Camera 2 Camera n
�2 �n Resource Manager
Ethernet
Camera• Camera generates an image of size
• Adaptable quality
• Normalised error
sp,w = 0.01 · qp,w · sp,max
+ �sp,w,
Can be -ve or +ve
Camera LoopController
(kp, ki)Camera
Quality
(qp,w)
�1
P
Allocated
Bandwidth
(Bp,w)
Error
(ep,w)
Frame
Size
(sp,tw )
Network Allocation• SDN using Flexible Time Triggered - SE [2]
[2] P.Pedreiras and L.Almeida, “The flexible time triggered paradigm. An approach to QOS management in distributed real-time systems”, 2003
Camera2
Camera1
Managert = 0 t = 1 t = 2
NETWORK ALLOCATION• SDN using Flexible Time Triggered - SE [2]
[2] P.Pedreiras and L.Almeida, “The flexible time triggered paradigm. An approach to QOS management in distributed real-time systems”, 2003
Camera2
Camera1
Managert = 0 t = 1 t = 2
I1,1 I1,2
I2,1 I2,2
NETWORK ALLOCATION• SDN using Flexible Time Triggered - SE [2]
[2] P.Pedreiras and L.Almeida, “The flexible time triggered paradigm. An approach to QOS management in distributed real-time systems”, 2003
Camera2
Camera1
Managert = 0 t = 1 t = 2
I1,1 I1,2
I2,1 I2,2
I1,2 : q1,2 ! s1,2B1,t=0 ! B1,w=2
NETWORK ALLOCATION• SDN using Flexible Time Triggered - SE [2]
[2] P.Pedreiras and L.Almeida, “The flexible time triggered paradigm. An approach to QOS management in distributed real-time systems”, 2003
Camera2
Camera1
Managert = 0 t = 1 t = 2
I1,1 I1,2 I1,4 I1,5
I2,1 I2,2 I2,3 I2,4
I1,2 : q1,2 ! s1,2B1,t=0 ! B1,w=2
Implementation• Cameras
• Logitech c270. COTS
• OpenCV
• Network
• Deadlines enforced using Flexible Time Triggered Switched Ethernet (FTT-SE)
• i7-4790 8 core PC running Fedora
Assessment• Criteria?
• Fair Bandwidth Usage (Manager)• Complete Bandwidth Utilisation (Camera)• SSIM (Structural Similarity Index)
• SSIM
Experiments Resource Allocator Camera
Equal Bandwidth Distribution No Adaptation
Equal Bandwidth Distribution DARTES Model [2]
Equal Bandwidth Distribution PI Controller
Game-Theoretic RA PI Controller
[2] J. Silvestre-Blanes, L. Almeida, R. Marau, and P. Pedreiras. “Online qos management for multimedia real-time transmission in industrial networks.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58(3), March 2011
Experiment 1
Resource Allocator CameraEqual Bandwidth Distribution No Adaptation
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
Experiment 1
Resource Allocator CameraEqual Bandwidth Distribution No Adaptation
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
Experiment 1
Resource Allocator CameraEqual Bandwidth Distribution No Adaptation
Experiment 2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
Resource Allocator CameraEqual Bandwidth Distribution DARTES Model
Experiment 2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
Resource Allocator CameraEqual Bandwidth Distribution DARTES Model
Experiment 3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
Resource Allocator CameraEqual Bandwidth Distribution PI Controller
Experiment 3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
Resource Allocator CameraEqual Bandwidth Distribution PI Controller
Experiment 4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
Resource Allocator CameraGame-Theoretic RA PI Controller
Experiment 4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
Resource Allocator CameraGame-Theoretic RA PI Controller
SSIM
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
0
0,05
0,1
Frame Number
SSIM with PI controller � SSIM with DARTES model
Camera 1
Camera 2
SSIM
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
0
0,05
0,1
Frame Number
SSIM with PI controller � SSIM with DARTES model
Camera 1
Camera 2
Conclusions
• CPU allocation strategy
• Need for adaptation
• PI control advantages
• Game-Theoretic resource manager efficiency
• Convergence guarantees
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Time [s]
BW
[Mbps]
AllocBW Camera 1 AllocBW Camera 2
InstBW Camera 1 InstBW Camera 2
Resource Allocator Camera