From The Reformation to The Constitution: Introduction
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03/07/2010 1 From The Reformation to The Constitution: Introduction Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian
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From The Reformation to The Constitution: Introduction. Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian. billpetro.com. billpetro.com/v7pc. billpetro.com/blog. Don’t Know Much About History. What does it mean to be Protestant ? When did that start? What does it mean to be Reformed ? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of From The Reformation to The Constitution: Introduction
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From The Reformationto The Constitution:
Introduction
Bill Petroyour friendly neighborhood historian
03/07/20102
billpetro.com/v7pc
billpetro.com/blog
billpetro.com
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Don’t Know Much About History• What does it mean to be Protestant?
– When did that start?
• What does it mean to be Reformed?– Who were they?
• What does it mean to be Presbyterian?– Where did that come from?
• What is the origin of the Baptists?– Was it John the Baptist?
• What does it mean to be Evangelical?– Where did that begin?
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Why Church History?• Luther
– Cicero: The mother of truth
• Calvin
– The theater of God’s glory
• Petro
– History is His story
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Theological DefinitionTheological Darkness
Theological Reformation
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Formulation
OrigenAugustine
Sacramentalization
LombardAcquinas
Rediscovery
LutherCalvin
Re-evaluation
KantSchleirmacher
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Renaissance• ad fontes - back to the sources
• Fall of Constantinople (1453)– Triggered scholarly exodus causing influx of
Classical studies into European Renaissance
• Italy – Michalangelo – Sistine Chapel– Leonardo Da Vinci – Last Supper, Mona Lisa– Machiavelli – The Prince– Dante – Inferno– Columbus - America
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In 1453, with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, the Eastern Roman Empire ends.
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Renaissance vs. Reformation
• Southern Europe Northern Europe
• Latin Germanic
• Pre-Christian roots Christian roots
• Classical Humanism Biblical
• Arts & Sciences Faith.
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What was the Reformation?• Catholics:
“A heresy inspired by Martin Luther from base motives, such as his desire to marry”
• Rationalists (Voltaire):“The consequences of a monastic squabble in
Saxony, Germany”
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What was the Reformation?• Marxists:
“The result of the Roman papacy’s exploitation of Germany”
• Protestants:“A movement which sought to recover the
purity of primitive Christianity revealed in the New Testament”
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Reformation Questions
• How is a person saved?
• Where does Religious Authority lie?
• What is the Church?
• What is the essence of Christian living?
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The Babylonian Captivity
• 1302: Pope Boniface VIII - bull Unam Sanctam
“The true faith compels us to believe that there is one holy, universal, apostolic church.
Outside of her there is no salvation.
Both swords—the spiritual and the temporal—
are in the church’s power.”
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The Babylonian Captivity
• The death of Pope Boniface VIII marked the end of the pope’s political supremacy in Europe.
• The popes moved from Rome, Italy to Avignon, France.
ROME
AVIGNON
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The Babylonian Captivity
• The popes remained in Avignon for 72 years, and the church became increasingly corrupt.
• This era became known as “the Babylonian Captivity of the papacy.”
AVIGNON
ROME
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The Great Papal Schism
• 1377: the pope returned to Rome.
• When the pope refused to support the French cardinals, the French cardinals declared a new pope in Avignon.
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The Great Papal Schism
• 1409: the Council of Pisa deposed both popes and elected a new bishop of Rome
• But the two previous popes refused to step down.
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Prince Albert of Brandenburg
• 1490–1545
• German churchman,
but underage
1. Bishop of Magdeburg (1513)
2. Administrator for diocese Halberstadt
3. Archbishop of Mainz (1515)
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Fugger Bank
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John Tetzel
• 1465-1519
• Dominican doctor
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Indulgences
• Freed the holder from the
temporal penalty of sin
• Popular since the Crusades
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Indulgence Box
• Robbing a church and perjury - 9 Ducats
• Murder - 8 Ducats
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Martin Luther
• Augustinian monk
• Professor of Bible
at the newly
founded University
of Wittenberg
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Wittenberg Door
• October 31, 1517
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1-Word Summary
• Medieval Catholic Church Merit
• Luther …
