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Combatant Commands Combatant Commands and theand the

Unified Command PlanUnified Command Plan

RDML Phil DavidsonDeputy Director for Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5)

10 September 2007

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Organization: Combatant CommandsOrganization: Combatant Commands

US Southern Command

US Pacific

Command

US Central Command

US US Special Special

Operations Operations CommandCommand

US Northern

Command

US US Strategic Strategic

CommandCommand

US European Command

US US Transportation Transportation

CommandCommand

Geographic CommandsGeographic Commands

Command

Communication

PRESIDENTPRESIDENT

Gen Renuart

ADM Fallon

Gen Craddock

ADM Keating

ADM StavridisADM Olson

Gen SchwartzLt Gen Kehler

Chairman JCS

Chairman JCS

SecDefSecDef

Functional Commands Functional Commands

US US Joint Forces Joint Forces CommandCommand

Gen Smith

JO TNI

S TA FFCH IE FS OF

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DOD is a MATRIX organization that integrates • Geographically across functions for joint warfighting• Functionally across regions for global effectiveness

The keys to matrix organization success are:• Clear responsibilities and commensurate authorities ( the UCP)• Means to resolve priorities at the “intersections” ( “supported / supporting”)• Effective coordination and communication ( SecDef, JS and CC-CC coord)

Aligning the Combatant CommandsAligning the Combatant Commands

GEOGRAPHIC

EUCOM

NORTHCOM

CENTCOM

PACOM

SOUTHCOM

J

F

C

O

M

S

T

R

A

T

C

O

M

T

R

A

N

S

C

O

M

S

O

C

O

M

F U N C T I O N A LThough not in UCP, Services are a third dimension of the matrix organization that UCP considers

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Unified Command PlanUnified Command Plan

USC Title 10, Sec 161 directs the Chairman “to periodically review (not less often than every two years) the missions, responsibilities (including geographic boundaries), and force structure of each combatant command; and recommend to the President, through the Secretary of Defense, any changes to such missions, responsibilities, and force structures as may be necessary.”

The Unified Command Plan is the vehicle by which this is accomplished

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HistoryHistory

194719471952

1958

1980

1954

1985

19921992

Established STRATCOM

Established USEUCOM DOD Reorganization Act

- SECDEF Direction of CINCs

- CINCs Perform Missions

Goldwater-Nichols Act

19931993LANTCOM became USACOM

19621963Established STRICOM

CARIBCOM became SOUTHCOM1972STRICOM became REDCOM

1983

19861986Established SPACECOM

RDJTF under REDCOM

RDJTF became CENTCOM

Nunn-Cohen Act / SOCOM19871987

Established TRANSCOM

National Security Act

Service Secretaries becomeSecDef Executive Agents

-- PACOM, EUCOM, LANTCOM, and CARIBCOM with Service Chiefs as JCS Executive Agents

1995199519981998

USACOM / SOUTHCOM AOR ShiftFSU Newly Independent

States Assigned

19991999USACOM became JFCOM

20022002

Established NORTHCOM and

assigned all regions of the globe

SPACECOM / STRATCOM merger

STRATCOM lead for CWMD/GIG ops

TRANSCOM Mob JFP/SOCOM SOF JFP

Strategic Air Commandestablished as first combatant command under JCS control

14 Dec 1946

JFCOM purely functional

Four new STRATCOM missions 20042004SOCOM lead against terrorists; JFCOM JFP

20062006

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CommonCommon Combatant Command Responsibilities Combatant Command Responsibilities

UCP Missions– Deterring attacks against US

– Carrying out assigned missions / conducting military operations

– Directing subordinate commands

– Maintaining force protection

– Certifying readiness to perform as JTF

– Providing trained and ready forces

– Planning, conducting, assessing security cooperation activities

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UCP MapUCP MapGeographic Combatant Commands (GCCs) 2006

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Common GeographicCommon Geographic Combatant Command Responsibilities Combatant Command Responsibilities

UCP Missions– Evacuation / Protection of US citizens

– Military representation to national / international agencies

– Single POC on military matters within AOR

– COCOM of security assistance organizations in time of war

– COCOM of US peace or humanitarian relief operations (when directed)

– POC for Combating WMD activities and missions in AOR

– Force protection for all US military forces in AOR

– Recovery of astronauts / space vehicles

– Establishing and maintaining a Standing Joint Force Headquarters – Core Element (SJFHQ-CE)

“Delineation of general geographic AORs is intended to provide a basis for coordination by Combatant Commanders. These geographic AORs…are not restrictive for accomplishment of assigned missions. Combatant commanders may operate forces wherever required to accomplish their missions.”

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SpecificSpecific GCC Responsibilities GCC Responsibilities

USNORTHCOM– Provide Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA)

– Provide assistance to GCCs on consequence management operations in response to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high-yield explosive incidents outside CONUS

– Serve as Commander North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)

USPACOM– Provide DSCA

– Conduct NEO, counter-terrorism planning for diplomatic missions, and force protection in Russian Federation east of 100oE

USSOUTHCOM– Provide DSCA

– Defend Panama Canal and Panama Canal area

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SpecificSpecific Functional Combatant Command (FCC) Responsibilities Functional Combatant Command (FCC) Responsibilities

USFCOM– Serving as Primary Joint Force Provider

– Leading Joint Concept Development and Experimentation

USSOCOM– Serving as Special Operations Forces Joint Force Provider

– Serving as lead for planning, synchronizing, and executing global ops against terrorist networks

USTRANSCOM– Serving as the Mobility Joint Force Provider

– Serving as Distribution Process Owner

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SpecificSpecific Functional Combatant Command (FCC) Functional Combatant Command (FCC) Responsibilities (con’t)Responsibilities (con’t)

STRATCOM

– Maintaining primary responsibility for strategic nuclear forces to support nuclear deterrence

– Providing integrated global strike planning and C2

– Exercising C2 of selected global strike missions

– Developing desired characteristics and capabilities, advocating, planning and conducting space operations

– Planning, integrating and coordinating global missile defense

– Planning, integrating and coordinating intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance in support of global ops

– Tasking and coordinating C4ISR capabilities

– Integrating and coordinating DOD info ops, computer network attack, computer network defense, electronic warfare, psychological ops, and military deception

– Planning, integrating and coordinating DOD global network operations by directing Global Information Grid (GIG) ops and defense

– Serving as lead for integrating and synchronizing DOD Combating WMD efforts

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Upcoming ChangeUpcoming Change20082008

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AFRICOMAFRICOM

“This new command will strengthen our security cooperation with Africa and help to create new opportunities to bolster the capabilities of our partners in Africa. Africa Command will enhance our efforts to help bring peace and security to the people of Africa and promote our common goals of development, health, education, democracy, and economic growth in Africa.”

President George BushFebruary 7, 2007

President Bush directed the establishment of US Africa Command

– We are consulting with Congress, the Interagency, and our key friends, partners, and allies

– With their help, we are creating a new command that will address the unique challenges and opportunities in Africa

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AFRICOM TasksAFRICOM Tasks

Work with African states, regional organizations, and other partners to:

– Build Partnership Capacity– Support USG agencies in implementing security policies – Conduct Theater Security Cooperation activities – Increase partner counter-terrorism skills– Enhance humanitarian assistance, disaster mitigation, and response activities

– Foster respect for human rights– Support African regional organizations– As directed, conduct military operations

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Questions?Questions?

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JFCOMJFCOM Unique Responsibilities Unique Responsibilities

– Leading Joint Concept Development and Experimentation

– Serving as lead Joint Force Integrator

– Serving as lead agent for Joint Force Training

– Leading development of joint readiness standards for staffs and headquarters

– Serving as Primary Joint Force Provider

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SOCOMSOCOM Unique Responsibilities Unique Responsibilities

– Serving as Special Operations Forces Joint Force Provider

– Training and developing strategy, doctrine, and tactics for SOF

– Integrating / coordinating DOD PSYOP capabilities

– Serving as lead for planning, synchronizing, and executing global ops against terrorist networks

– Exercising command and control of selected special operations missions

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TRANSCOMTRANSCOM Unique Responsibilities Unique Responsibilities

UCP Missions– Providing transportation, terminal management and aerial

refueling to support global deployment of US forces

– Serving as the Mobility Joint Force Provider

– Providing DOD global patient movement

– Serving as Distribution Process Owner

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USEUCOM

USCENTCOM

USSOUTHCOM

USNORTHCOM

USPACOM

Proposed Area of ResponsibilityProposed Area of Responsibility

Draft Pre-decisional Working Papers, not subject to FOIA Requirements

Today At Full Operational Capability

USEUCOM

USCENTCOM

USSOUTHCOM

USNORTHCOM

USPACOM

USAFRICOM

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Organization: Military DepartmentsOrganization: Military Departments

OSDOSDOSDOSD

Secretary Secretary of the Armyof the ArmySecretary Secretary

of the Armyof the ArmySecretary Secretary

of the Air Forceof the Air ForceSecretary Secretary

of the Air Forceof the Air Force

ARMY ARMY NAVY NAVY MARINESMARINES

Chief of Naval Operations

ADM Mullen

Chief of Naval Operations

ADM Mullen

Chief of Staff of the Army

GEN Casey

Chief of Staff of the Army

GEN Casey

Commandant Marine Corps

Gen Conway

Commandant Marine Corps

Gen Conway

Secretary Secretary of the Navyof the NavySecretary Secretary of the Navyof the Navy

AIR FORCEAIR FORCE

Forces assigned to Combatant Commandsand their administration & support

Chief of Staff of the Air Force

Gen Moseley

Chief of Staff of the Air Force

Gen Moseley

9 Combatant Commands9 Combatant Commands

Secretary of DefenseSecretary of Defense

Chairman JCS

Gen Pace

Chairman JCS

Gen Pace

Train, Equip, Provide

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Change: Placed entire Aleutian Islands chain in USNORTHCOM AOR

USNORTHCOM/USPACOM BoundaryUSNORTHCOM/USPACOM Boundary

Approved boundary change

Rationale: Consolidate all responsibilities pertaining to the defense of Alaska under one combatant commander

Impact: No change in forces assignment for either USNORTHCOM or USPACOM

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USNORTHCOM/USSOUTHCOM BoundaryUSNORTHCOM/USSOUTHCOM Boundary

– i.e., planning/executing operations through the range of military operations (counter-narcotics, NEO, humanitarian relief, etc.)

Impact: USSOUTHCOM gained DSCA mission for PR and USVI.

Approved boundary change

Change: Placed Cuba, The Bahamas, Puerto Rico (PR), US Virgin Islands (USVI) in USSOUTHCOM AOR to consolidate all major offshore islands in single AOR.

Rationale: USSOUTHCOM previously responsible for contingency planning, operations, security cooperation, and force protection for The Bahamas and Cuba. Change provides responsibility for “normal operations”:

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Change: Strengthen USTRANSCOM’s role as DPO Goal: Reinforce USTRANSCOM’s authority to synchronize and align

DOD-wide end-to-end distribution Rationale:

– Further DOD transformation by expanding USTRANSCOM responsibilities from “strategic distribution” to “end-to-end” distribution

– Improve strategic and operational responsiveness

– Strengthen planning and execution

USTRANSCOM Distribution Process Owner (DPO)USTRANSCOM Distribution Process Owner (DPO)

UCP 2006 Language: USTRANSCOM’s unique responsibilities include: “Serving as the Distribution Process Owner, including: (a) Coordinating and overseeing the DOD distribution system to provide interoperability, synchronization, and alignment of DOD wide, end-to-end distribution. (b) Developing and implementing distribution process improvements that enhance the Defense Logistics and Global Supply Chain Management System.”

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Change: Assigned USSOCOM and USTRANSCOM as Joint Force Providers (JFPs)

Goal: Improve the Global Force Management process Rationale:

– USSOCOM/USTRANSCOM gain increased visibility and oversight of respective forces

– Complements USJFCOM’s role as Primary JFP

Joint Force Providers – USSOCOM and USTRANSCOMJoint Force Providers – USSOCOM and USTRANSCOM

SOCOM UCP 2006 Language: Unique responsibilities include: “Serving as the Special Operations Forces Joint Force Provider, including: (a) Providing combat-ready special operations forces to other combatant commands when and as directed. (b) Identifying and recommending global joint sourcing solutions, in coordination with the Services and other combatant commanders, from all special operations forces and capabilities. (c) Supervising implementation of sourcing decisions.”

TRANSCOM UCP 2006 Language: Unique responsibilities include: “Serving as the Mobility Joint Force Provider, including: (a) Identifying and recommending global joint sourcing solutions, in coordination with the Services and other combatant commanders, from all mobility forces and capabilities to the Chairman. (b) Supervising implementation of sourcing decisions.”

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USSTRATCOM Combating WMD (CbtWMD)USSTRATCOM Combating WMD (CbtWMD)

Change: Assigned USSTRATCOM as DOD lead for Combating WMD Goal: Align UCP with SecDef January 2005 memo directing

USSTRATCOM to lead DOD in combating WMD efforts Rationale: Unify DOD efforts for Combating WMD under single

combatant commander

UCP 2006 language: Unique responsibilities include: “Serving as lead combatant commander for integrating and synchronizing DOD CbtWMD efforts, including: (a) Planning, integrating and synchronizing DOD CbtWMD efforts with the efforts of other US government agencies, as directed. (b) Integrating USSTRATCOM’s global missions to support combatant command and defense agency efforts in combating WMD. (c) In coordination with USJFCOM, develop and make recommendations to the Chairman regarding joint force integration, exercises and training for CbtWMD. (d) Responsible to the Chairman for identifying and assessing readiness of US capabilities, adequacy of partner capabilities, and capabilities of potential adversaries. (e) In coordination with the Chairman, advocating combating WMD capabilities of all combatant commanders. (f) Supporting geographic combatant commands and USSOCOM for CbtWMD planning and execution. (g) Providing military representation to US national and international agencies for CbtWMD matters related to US and multinational campaigns, as directed. (h) Providing the single military point of contact for CbtWMD in space.”

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USSTRATCOM Global Network Operations(GNO)USSTRATCOM Global Network Operations(GNO)

Change: Assigned DOD Global Network Operations (GNO) as a USSTRATCOM mission area

Goal: Place Global Information Grid (GIG) network operations and defense under single commander

Rationale:

– UCP 2004 addresses Computer Network Attack/Defense (CNA/CND), but not network operations

– June 2004 SecDef memo assigns USSTRATCOM authority and responsibility for “global network operations and defense”

UCP 2006 Language: Unique responsibilities include: “Planning, integrating and coordinating DOD global network operations by directing Global Information Grid operations and defense and identifying and advocating these desired characteristics and capabilities.”

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Modified USELEMNORAD LanguageModified USELEMNORAD Language

Change: Provide USNORTHCOM authority to use USELEMNORAD forces for non-NORAD unilateral missions.

Goal:

– Provide CDR USNORTHCOM the ability to rapidly respond to air defense threats and execute air defense missions.

Rationale: UCP 2002 established USNORTHCOM. UCP 2004 removed USELEMNORAD as the instrument through which US air defense forces were employed in a unilateral action. However, UCP 2004 did not provide USNORTHCOM with authority to employ US forces in this same type of mission.

UCP 2006 Language: “As the senior US officer assigned to NORAD, CDRUSNORTHCOM is designated as CDRUSELEMNORAD. US forces made available for NORAD are assigned or attached to CDRUSELEMNORAD IAW section 162 of title 10 and may be utilized by CDRUSNORTHCOM for US unilateral, non-NORAD operations.”