First Revision No. 2-NFPA 400-2016 [ Global Input ...

First Revision No. 2-NFPA 400-2016 [ Global Input ]

Please add a footnote to bottom of table wherever parentheses ( ) in tables in Chapter 5 indicatethat units are in pounds . This should be placed in the NOTES section and should not be a separateletter designated footnote.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Nancy Pearce

Organization: [ Not Specified ]

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Submittal Date: Mon Sep 12 13:32:25 EDT 2016

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This was a change that editorial recommended to minimize confusion about units in the tables.The Committee agreed but did not want to add it as a separate footnote, they preferred to add it tothe notes section below the tables.

ResponseMessage:

National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

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In Chapter 5- please change all the MAQ table footnotes to be consistent. (Tables 5.2.1.1.3, Table5.2.1.2, 5.2.1.3,5.2.1.45.2.1.5,5.2.1.6,5.2.1.7,5.2.1.8. 5.2.1.10.1) For example, Footnote m should bethe same in Table 5.2.1.1.3 as it is in the other tables. Superscript footnotes in tables will need tobe modified to make them match the footnotes at the bottom of the table.

This may mean that some tables have footnotes that do not exist in the table.




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Submittal Date: Tue Oct 04 15:41:08 EDT 2016

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The Committee prefers to have a single set of footnotes to improve readability and decrease thelikelihood of editorial errors being made when new material is added to the tables.

ResponseMessage:


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Please see attached for TIAs 16-1 and 16-2.

Supplemental Information

File Name Description

TIA_400_16_1.pdf

TIA_400_16_2.pdf

Editorial_Use_Only_TIA_16-1_Legislative.docx

Editorial_Use_Only_TIA16-2_legislative.pdf


Submitter Full Name: Sonia Barbosa


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Submittal Date: Thu Dec 01 14:31:38 EST 2016

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

These changes were voted on and issued in TIAs 16-1 and 16-2 and were voted on during theregular revision cycle for final incorporation into the document. Several other minor changes weremade to the table such as the removal of footnote g for corrosive gases since not applicable andthe removal of extract tag to 5000 in footnote g.

ResponseMessage:


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First Revision No. 53-NFPA 400-2016 [ Detail ]

Add annex to 5.4*

A.5.4

Where a detached building is required for indoor storage in accordance with Table 5.3.7, detached outdoorstorage can be used in lieu of indoor storage. Where detached outdoor storage is implemented the outdoorstorage requirements in Chapters 5, 6, and in the material specific chapters apply.




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Clarifies when this section applies.

Response Message:


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Delete G.3 Typical Oxidizers section heading.



Organization: National Fire Protection Assoc

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Submittal Date: Mon Jan 09 11:17:54 EST 2017

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Deleted due to reclassification and reorganization of oxidizers in Annex G and throughoutthe document.

Response Message:


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Make the following changes to the Organic Peroxide row of Table 5.2.1.1.3 Maximum AllowableQuantity (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area:

Organic peroxide UD 1 1c,i (1)c,i N/A

I 1 2 5 16 c,d (5 16)c,d N/A

IIA 2 3 50 100 c,d (50 100)c,d N/A

IIB 3 400 (400) N/A

III 3 125 840 c,d (125 840)c,d N/A

IV N/A NL NL N/A

V N/A NL NL N/A




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Submittal Date: Fri Jan 20 16:29:04 EST 2017

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Organic peroxides are now divided into two classes as recommended in Public Input 61. Hazardlevel contents and protection levels were reported to be inconsistent and it was recommended thatthere be two sub-classes of organic peroxides Class IIA and Class IIB with appropriate MAQ's.

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 61-NFPA 400-2016 [Section No. 5.2.1.1.3]


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First Revision No. 28-NFPA 400-2016 [ Chapter 2 ]

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

2.1 General.

The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this code and shall beconsidered part of the requirements of this document.


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2.2 NFPA Publications.

National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.

NFPA 1, Fire Code, 2015 2018 edition.

NFPA 2, Hydrogen Technologies Code, 2016 edition.

NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2013 2017 edition.

NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2016 2019 edition.

NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection, 2012 2017 edition.

NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2015 2018 edition.

NFPA 30B, Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products, 2015 2019 edition.

NFPA 40, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Film, 2016 2019 edition.

NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, 2015 edition.

NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen–Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, andAllied Processes, 2013 2018 edition.

NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work, 2014 2019 edition.

NFPA 52, Vehicular Gaseous Natural Gas Fuel Systems Code, 2013 2016 edition.

NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code, 2016 edition.

NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 2014 2017 edition.

NFPA 59, Utility LP-Gas Plant Code, 2015 2018 edition.

NFPA 59A, Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), 2016edition.

NFPA 68, Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting, 2013 2018 edition.

NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems, 2014 edition.

NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2014 2017 edition.

NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2016 2019 edition.

NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, 2015 2018 edition.

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2015 2018 edition.

NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2016 2019 edition.

NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, 2013 2018 edition.

NFPA 318, Standard for the Protection of Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities, 2015 2018 edition.

NFPA 484, Standard for Combustible Metals, 2015 2019 edition.

NFPA 495, Explosive Materials Code, 2013 2018 edition.

NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use,Conversions, Maintenance, and Operations, 2013 2018 edition.

NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response,2012 2017 edition.

NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems,2014 2017 edition.

NFPA 801, Standard for Fire Protection for Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials, 2014 edition.

NFPA 5000®, Building Construction and Safety Code®, 2015 2018 edition.

2.3 Other Publications.

2.3.1 ASCE Publications.

American Society of Civil Engineers, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4400.

ASCE/SEI 7, Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other Structures, 2010.


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2.3.2 ASME Publications.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.

ASME A13.1, Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems, 2007 2015 .

ASME B31.3, Process Piping, 2010 2016 .

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 2010 2017 .

2.3.3 ASSE Publications.

American Society of Sanitary Engineering, 901 Canterbury Road 18927 Hickory Creek Drive , Suite A,Westlake, OH 44145-1480 220, Mokena, IL 60448 .

ANSI/ ASSE/IAPMO 6015, Professional Qualification Standard for Bulk Medical Gas Systems Installers,2006 2015 .

2.3.4 ASTM Publications.

ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2014 2016 .

ASTM E136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 Degrees° C, 2012 2016 .

ASTM E681, Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors andGases), 2009, reapproved 2015 .

ASTM E1591, Standard Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models, 2013.

ASTM E2652, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with aCone-shaped Shaped Airflow Stabilizer, at 750 Degrees ° C, 2012 2016 .

2.3.5 CGA Publications.

Compressed Gas Association, 14501 George Carter Way, Suite 103, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923.

CGA C-7, Guide to the Preparation of Precautionary Classification and Labeling and Marking ofCompressed Gases Containers , 2011 2014 .

CGA M-1, Guide for Medical Gas Supply Systems at Consumer Sites Health Care Facilities , 2007 2013 .

CGA P-1, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers, 2008 2015 .

ANSI/CGA P-18, Standard for Bulk Inert Gas Systems at Consumer Sites , 2006 2013 .

CGA P-20, Standard for the Classification of Toxic Gas Mixtures, 2009.

CGA P-23, Standard for Categorizing Gas Mixtures Containing Flammable and NonflammableComponents, 2008 2015 .

ANSI/CGA G13 G-13 , Storage and Handling of Silane and Silane Mixtures, 2006 2016 .

CGA S-1.1, Pressure Relief Device Standards – Part 1 – Cylinders for Compressed Gases, 2011.

CGA S-1.2, Pressure Relief Device Standards – Part 2 – Cargo and Portable Tanks for CompressedGases, 2009.

CGA S-1.3, Pressure Relief Device Standards – Part 3 – Stationary Storage Containers for CompressedGases, 2008.

CGA V-6, Standard Bulk Refrigerated Liquid Transfer Connections, September 2008 2014 .

2.3.6 IAPMO Publications.

International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, 5001 4755 E. Philadelphia Street,Ontario, CA 91761.

Uniform Mechanical Code, 2009 2018 .

2.3.7 IME Publications.

Institute of Makers of Explosives, 1120 19th Street, NW, Suite 310, Washington, DC 20036-3605 .

IME Safety Library Publication No. 2, “American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives,” June 1991.


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2.3.8 ISO Publications.

International Organization for Standardization, 1, ch. De la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211 ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva 20 , Switzerland.

ISO 10156, Gases and gas mixtures — Determination of fire potential and oxidizing ability for theselection of cylinder valve outlets, 2010, corrigendum 1, 2010 .

ISO 10298, Determination of toxicity of a gas or gas mixture, 2010.

2.3.9 CTC TC Publications.

Canadian Transport Commission, Queen’s Printer, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. (Available from theCanadian Communications Group Publication Centre, Ordering Department, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0S9.)

Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations.

Transport Canada, 330 Sparks Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N5, Canada.

Canadian Ministry of Transport Regulations.

2.3.10 UN Publications.

United Nations Publications, Sales Section, DC2-853, Dept. I004, New York, NY 10017.

Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part II , 5th edition, 2010.

Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations.

2.3.11 UL Publications.

Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096.

ANSI/UL 723, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2008,Revised 2010 revised 2013 .

2.3.12 U.S. Government Publications.

U.S. Government Printing Publishing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC20402 20401-0001 .

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) published Oct. 21 , 1976.

Title 18, United States Code of Federal Regulations , Part 40, “Importation, Manufacture, Distribution andStorage of Explosive Materials.”

Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 210 and 211 Part 210, “Current Good Manufacturing Practicein Manufacturing, Processing, Packaging, or Holding of Drugs; General.”

Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 211, “Current Good Manufacturing Practice for PositronEmission Tomography Drugs.”

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.1000, “Air Contaminants.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 100through – 199, “Pipeline and Hazardous Materials,”“Hazardous Materials Transportation,” Safety Administration, Department of Transportation.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 173, DOT “Shippers — General Requirements for Shipmentsand Packagings.”

2.3.13 Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.


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2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.



NFPA 30B, Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products, 2015 2019 edition.


NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code, 2016 2019 edition.




NFPA 318, Standard for the Protection of Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities, 2015 2018 edition.


NFPA 499, Recommended Practice for the Classification of Combustible Dusts and of Hazardous(Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas, 2013 edition.

NFPA 652, Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dust, 2019 edition.

NFPA 914, Code for Fire Protection of Historic Structures, 2015 edition.




NFPA_400_Chapter_2.docx Compilation of changes made in several PIs and checked by staff. For staff use




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Submittal Date: Wed Sep 14 17:50:05 EDT 2016

Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Updated all references and corrected titles to current editions of documents. S.

Response Message:

Public Input No. 67-NFPA 400-2016 [Section No. 2.3.10]



Public Input No. 26-NFPA 400-2016 [Chapter 2]


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First Revision No. 4-NFPA 400-2016 [ Section No. 3.3.5 ]

3.3.5 Basement.

A Any story of a building wholly or structure having one-half or more of its height partly below groundlevel and to which access for fire-fighting purposes grade plane that is unduly restricted not consideredthe first story above grade plane. [ 5000, 2018] .




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Submittal Date: Tue Sep 13 13:35:20 EDT 2016

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The Committee agreed that the definition needs clarification but has chosen to use thedefinition from NFPA 5000.

ResponseMessage:



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3.3.16* Combustible Dust.

Finely A finely divided combustible particulate solid particles that presents a dust flash- fire hazard ordust explosion hazard when dispersed and ignited suspended in air. [ 499, 2013] or the process-specific oxidizing medium over a range of concentrations. [ 652, 2019]



FR-5_A.3.3.16.docx




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The Standards Council approved the formation of a Correlating Committee an Technical Committeeto address correlation of NFPA Combustible Dust Standards. In reviewing the NFPA 400 definition forthe term "Combustible Dust", it is not consistent with the definition adopted for the combustible duststandards. The formation of the Correlating Committee was tasked with establishing consistency ofNFPA dust standards, it is equally important that such consistency apply throughout all NFPA Codesand Standards. Additionally, the proposed extract definition from NFPA 652 is currently the definitionused by OSHA in the Combustible Dust National Emphasis Program dated 2008.

ResponseMessage:



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3.3.69 Organic Peroxide Formulation.

A pure or technically pure organic peroxide or a mixture of organic peroxides with an active oxygen (aO)concentration greater than 1% percent alone or in combination with one or more materials. The transporttype for organic peroxide formulations is determined by the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part II .Terms such as accelerator , catalyst , initiator , and curing agent are sometimes used to describeorganic peroxide formulations and are misleading because they can also refer to materials that are not ordo not contain organic peroxides, some of which might present increased hazard when mixed withorganic peroxides.

3.3.69.1 Class I Organic Peroxide .

Class I describes Describes those organic peroxide formulations that are more severe than a Class II butdo not detonate and that are characterized as “explosive in package” or by a very fast burning rateIncludes those characterized for transport as Type B, those characterized for transport as Type C with alarge-scale burning rate equal to or greater than 300 kg/min, and those characterized for transport as

Type C with a small-scale burning rate greater than 9.0 kg/min × m 2 unless the large-scale burning rateis less than 300 kg/min .

3.3.69.2 Class II Organic Peroxide .

Class II describes those formulations that burn very rapidly and that present a severe reactivity hazard.

3.3.69.2.1 Class IIA Organic Peroxide.

Describes organic peroxide formulations characterized for transport as Type C with a large-scaleburning rate greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min. Includes those characterized as Type C,

Type D, and Type E if the small-scale burning rate is greater than 2.2 kg/min × m 2 .

3.3.69.2.2 Class IIB Organic Peroxide.

Describes organic peroxide formulations characterized for transport as Type C with a large-scaleburning rate of greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min. Includes those characterized fortransport as Type D with a large-scale burning rate greater than 60 kg/min, those characterized fortransport as Type E with a large-scale burning rate greater than 60 kg/min, and those characterized as

Type C, Type D, and Type E if the small-scale burning rate is greater than 0.9 kg/min × m 2 .

3.3.69.3 Class III Organic Peroxide .

Class III describes Describes those organic peroxide formulations that burn rapidly and that present amoderate reactivity hazard. Includes those characterized for transport as Type D with a large-scaleburning rate equal to or greater than 10 kg/min but less than 60 kg/min, those characterized for transportas Type E with a large-scale burning rate equal to or greater than 10 kg/min but less than 60 kg/min,those characterized for transport as Type F with a large-scale burning rate equal to or greater than 10kg/min, and those characterized as Type D, Type E, and Type F if the small-scale burning rate is less

than 0.9 kg/min × m 2 .

3.3.69.4 Class IV Organic Peroxide .

Class IV describes those Describes organic peroxide formulations that burn in the same manner asordinary combustibles and that present a minimal reactivity hazard. Includes those characterized fortransport as Type E or Type F with a large-scale burning rate less than 10 kg/min.

3.3.69.5 Class V Organic Peroxide .

Class V describes those Describes organic peroxide formulations that burn with less intensity thanordinary combustibles or those that do not sustain combustion and that present no reactivity hazard, andthose characterized for transport as Type G without additional subsidiary risks .



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400_3.3.70_Proposed_CI_27.docxPotential definition changes to be made at second draft based on manual of style requirements.

400_3.3.70_Untracked_Proposed_CI_27.docx This is the proposed clean version.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The current definitions of organic peroxides are incomplete. The proposed change clarifies thedefinition of an organic peroxide formulation and is the basis for the classes by pulling informationfrom annex and putting them in definitions. Class II organic peroxides have been divided into twoclasses Class IIA and Class IIB and definitions have been provided. This reflects the current state ofthe industry. The current definitions in the CI as proposed do not meet the MOS. See attacheddocument for suggested changes to definitions for consideration by the Committee.

Public Input No. 59-NFPA 400-2016 [Section No. 3.3.70.3]

Public Input No. 55-NFPA 400-2016 [New Section after 3.3.70.1]

Public Input No. 84-NFPA 400-2016 [Section No. A.3.3.70]






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First Revision No. 44-NFPA 400-2016 [ Section No. 4.2.1.2 ]

4.2.1.2

High-hazard contents shall include those materials defined as hazardous material solids, liquids, or gaseslimited to the hazard categories specified in 1.1.1 and classified in accordance with 4.2.1.2.1 through4.2.1.2.4 whether stored, used, or handled.

4.2.1.2.1 High-Hazard Level 1 Contents.

High-hazard Level 1 contents shall include materials that present a detonation hazard, including, but notlimited to, the following hazard categories:

(1) Class 4 oxidizers

(2) Detonable pyrophoric solids or liquids

(3) Class 3 detonable and Class 4 unstable (reactive) solids, liquids, or gases

(4) Detonable organic peroxides


High-hazard Level 2 contents shall include materials that present a deflagration hazard or a hazard fromaccelerated burning, including, but not limited to, the following hazard categories:

(1) Combustible dusts that are stored, used, or generated in a manner creating that creates a severe fireor explosion hazard

(2) Class I organic peroxides

(3) Class 3 solid or liquid oxidizers that are used or stored in normally open containers or systems or inclosed containers or systems at gauge pressures of more than 15 psi (103.4 kPa)

(4) Flammable gases

(5) Flammable cryogenic fluids

(6) Nondetonable pyrophoric solids, liquids, or gases

(7) Class 3 nondetonable unstable (reactive) solids, liquids, or gases

(8) Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids


High-hazard Level 3 contents shall include materials that readily support combustion or present a physicalhazard, including, but not limited to, the following hazard categories:

(1) Flammable solids, other than dusts classified as high-hazard Level 2, that are stored, used, orgenerated in a manner creating that creates a high fire hazard

(2) Class II and Class III organic peroxides

(3) Class 2 solid or liquid oxidizers

(4) Class 3 solid or liquid oxidizers that are used or stored in normally closed containers or systems atgauge pressures of less than 15 psi (103.4 kPa)

(5) Class 2 unstable (reactive) materials

(6) Class 2 water-reactive solids, liquids, or gases

(7) Oxidizing gases

(8) Oxidizing cryogenic fluids


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High-hazard Level 4 contents shall include materials that are acute health hazards, including, but notlimited to the following hazard categories:

(1) Corrosive solids, liquids, or gases

(2) Highly toxic solids, liquids, or gases

(3) Toxic solids, liquids, or gases




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Submittal Date: Thu Sep 15 14:26:14 EDT 2016

Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Change made to make it consistent with 4.2.1.2.1.

Response Message:


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First Revision No. 45-NFPA 400-2016 [ Section No. 5.2.1.1.2 ]

5.2.1.1.2*

The quantity of hazardous materials in an individual control area shall not exceed the MAQ for theapplicable occupancy set forth in 5.2.1.2 through 5.2.1.13, except as modified by Table 5.2.1.1.3.



FR-45_A.5.2.1.1.2.docx




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This will clarify the questions on how to account for the amounts of fuel or material in a power cellfor figuring fire protection needs and Hazard classification and the MAQs. This has been attachedas annex note at this point and the task group for MAQ tables will consider adding information suchas piping quantities to the annex note.

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 29-NFPA 400-2016 [New Section after 5.2.1.1.2]


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5.2.1.13.3 Special Maximum Allowable Quantity Increases for Storage in Mercantile, Storage, andIndustrial Occupancies.


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The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardousmaterials permitted within a single control area of a mercantile, storage, or industrial occupancy shall bepermitted to exceed the MAQ specified in Table 5.2.1.1.3, without complying with Protection Level 2,Protection Level 3, or Protection Level 4, provided that the quantities comply with Table 5.2.1.13.3(a) andTable 5.2.1.13.3(b) and that materials are displayed and stored in accordance with the special limitationsin 5.2.1.13.2.

Table 5.2.1.13.3(a) Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) per Indoor and Outdoor Control Area forSelected Hazard Categories in Mercantile, Storage, and Industrial Occupancies

Maximum Allowable Quantitya,b

Solids Liquids

Hazard Category lb kg gal L

Physical Hazard Materials: Nonflammable and Noncombustible Solids and Liquids

Oxidizers

Class 3 1,350 616 135 511

Class 2 2,250 1,021 225 852

Class 1 18,000c 8,165c 1,800c 6,814c

Note: Maximum quantities for hazard categories not shown are required to be in accordance with Table5.2.1.1.3.

aMaximum quantities are permitted to be increased 100 percent in buildings that are sprinklered inaccordance with NFPA 13. Where footnote b also applies, the increase for both footnotes is permitted tobe applied.

bMaximum quantities are permitted to be increased 100 percent where stored in approved storagecabinets in accordance with NFPA 1. Where footnote a also applies, the increase for both footnotes ispermitted to be applied.

cQuantities are not limited in buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system complying withNFPA 13. [ 5000: Table 34.1.3.3.1(a)]

Table 5.2.1.13.3(b) Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) per Indoor and Outdoor Control Area forSelected Hazard Categories in Mercantile and Storage Occupancies

Maximum Allowable Quantitya,b,c

Solids Liquids

Hazard Category lb kg gal L

Physical Hazard Materials: Nonflammable and Noncombustible Solids and Liquids

Unstable (reactive)

Class 3 550 250 55 208

Class 2 1,150 522 115 435

Water-reactive

Class 3 550 250 55 208

Class 2 1,150 522 115 435

Health Hazard Materials: Nonflammable and Noncombustible Solids and Liquids

Corrosive 10,000 4,536 1,000 3785

Highly toxicd 20 9 2 8

Toxicd 1,000 454 100 378

aMaximum quantities for hazard categories not shown are required to be in accordance with Table5.2.1.1.3.

bMaximum quantities are permitted to be increased 100 percent in buildings that are sprinklered in


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accordance with NFPA 13. Where footnote b also applies, the increase for both footnotes can be applied.

cMaximum quantities are permitted to be increased 100 percent where stored in approved storagecabinets in accordance with NFPA 1. Where footnote (a) also applies, the increase for both footnotes ispermitted to be applied. [ 5000 :Table 34.1.3.3.1(b)]

dToxic or highly toxic solids or liquids displayed in original packaging in mercantile or storage occupanciesand intended for maintenance, operation of equipment, or sanitation when contained in individualpackaging not exceeding 100 lb (45.4 kg) shall be limited to an aggregate of 1200 lb (544.3 kg) or 120 gal(454.2 L). The increases allowed by footnotes a, b, and c shall not apply to highly toxic solids and liquids.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Typo. Class 3 Oxidizers in Table (a) has a period instead of a comma. Deletion of Footnote Creference to NFPA 5000 based on PI 88.

ResponseMessage:



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5.3.7 Detached Building Required for High-Hazard Level 2 and High-Hazard Level 3 Materials.

Buildings required to comply with Protection Level 2 or Protection Level 3 and containing quantities ofhigh-hazard contents exceeding the quantity limits set forth in Table 5.3.7 shall be in accordance with6.2.3.4 or 6.2.4.4, as applicable.

Table 5.3.7 Detached Building Buildings Required Where Quantity of Material Exceeds Amount Shown

Quantity of Material

Material ClassSolids and Liquids

(tons)

Gases scf

(Nm3)*

Individual bulk hydrogen compressed gassystems

N/A N/A 15,000 (425)

Oxidizers 3 1,200 N/A

2 2,000 N/A

Organic peroxides I, II, III, and IV 25 See note N/A

III 50 N/A

Unstable (Reactive reactive ) materials3,

nondetonable1 2,000 (57)†

2 25 10,000 (283)†

Water-reactive materials3 1 N/A

2, deflagrating 25 N/A

Pyrophoric gases N/A 2,000 (57)

For SI units, 1 ton = 0.9 met ton.

N/A: Not applicable.

Note: See MAQs of organic peroxide formulations in nonsprinklered and sprinklered buildings in Table14.3.2.1(a) and Table 14.3.2.1(b), respectively.

*See Table 21.2.5.

†nondetonable Nondetonable.

[ 55: Table 6.5]



Meeting_Revisions_to_TIA_400_16_2.pdf Additional changes made to table 5.3.7 beyond the TIA.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The Committee voted to maintain the changes based on the issued TIA but also made additionalchanges to the table for Organic Peroxides removing quantities and instead making it clear that theuser should go to Chapter 14 tables for MAQ requirements that are dependent on the presence orabsence of sprinklers in a building.

ResponseMessage:



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5.4.1.1.2

Where storage or use is in an outdoor control area, compliance with the outdoor storage and userequirements in Chapters 11 through 21 20 shall not be required.




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CommitteeStatement:

Chapter 21 should not be excluded for outdoor control areas. Chapter 21 includes generalrequirements that would be required for outdoor control areas.



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5.4.1.2 Maximum Allowable Quantity per Outdoor Control Area.


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Maximum allowable quantities of hazardous materials in an outdoor control area shall be as specified inTable 5.2.1.13.3(a) and Table 5.2.1.13.3(b) or Table 5.4.1.2.

Table 5.4.1.2 Maximum Allowable Quantities of Hazardous Materials per Outdoor Control Area

StorageUse — Closed

SystemsUse — Open

Systems

Material ClassSolid

Pounds

LiquidGallons

(lb)

Gasscf(lb)

SolidPounds

LiquidGallons

(lb)

Gasscf(lb)

SolidPounds

LiquidGallons

(lb)

Physical Hazard Materials

Flammable gas

Gaseous N/A N/A 3000 N/A N/A 1500 N/A N/A

Liquefied N/A N/A (300) N/A N/A (150) N/A N/A

Flammable solid 500 N/A N/A 250 N/A N/A 50 N/A

Organic peroxide Detonable 1 (1) N/A 1⁄4 (1⁄4) N/A 1⁄4 (1⁄4)

Organic peroxide I 20 ( 20) N/A 10 (10) N/A 2 ( 2)

IIA 200 100 ( 200) N/A 100 (100) N/A 20 100 20 (100)

IIB 400 (400) N/A 400 (400) N/A 400 (400)

III 500 NL 500 NL N/A 250 NL (250) NL N/A 50 NL 50 NL

IV NL NL N/A NL NL N/A NL NL

V NL NL N/A NL NL N/A NL NL

Oxidizer 4 2 (2) N/A 1 (1⁄4) N/A 1⁄4 (1⁄4)

3 40 (40) N/A 20 (2) N/A 2 (2)

2 1000 (1000) N/A 500 (250) N/A 50 (50)

1 NL NL N/A NL NL N/A NL NL

Oxidizing gas



Pyrophoric 8 (8) 100 4 (4) 10 0 0

Unstable(Reactive reactive )

4 2 (2) 20 1 (1) 2 1⁄4 (1⁄4)

3 20 (20) 200 10 (10) 10 1 (1)

2 200 (200) 1000 100 (100) 250 10 (10)

1 NL NL 1500 NL NL NL NL NL

Water-reactive 3 20 (20) N/A 10 (10) N/A 1 (1)

2 200 (200) N/A 100 (100) N/A 10 (10)

1 NL NL N/A NL NL N/A NL NL

Health Hazard Materials

Corrosive 20000 2000 N/A 10000 1000 N/A 1000 100

Corrosive gas



Highly toxic 20 (20) N/A 10 (10) N/A 3 (3)

Highly toxic gas

Gaseous N/A N/A 40* N/A N/A 20* N/A N/A

Liquefied N/A N/A (8)* N/A N/A (4)* N/A N/A


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StorageUse — Closed

SystemsUse — Open

Systems

Material ClassSolid

Pounds

LiquidGallons

(lb)

Gasscf(lb)

SolidPounds

LiquidGallons

(lb)

Gasscf(lb)

SolidPounds

LiquidGallons

(lb)

Toxic 1000 (1000) N/A 500 50 N/A 125 (125)

Toxic gas



For SI units, 1 lb = 0.454 kg; 1 gal = 3.785 L; 1 scf3 = 0.0283 Nm3.

N/A: Not applicable. NL: Not limited.

Notes:

(1) Table values in parentheses correspond to the unit name in parentheses at the top of the column.

(2) For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10.

(3) The aggregate quantities in storage and use cannot exceed the quantity listed for storage.

(4) The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardousmaterials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the same ownership or control used forretail or wholesale sales is permitted to exceed the MAQ where such storage is in accordance with5.2.1.13.3.

*Permitted only where stored or used in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures, or fumehoods.



400-FR_43_Table_5.4.1.2.docx For staff use.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Paretheses added which should have been done in the last (2016) Edition. MAQ's updated toreflect storage tanks of materials such as TBHP.



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6.1.17.2.1 Equipment, Devices, and Systems Requiring Testing.

The following equipment, devices, and systems shall be tested in accordance with 6.1.17 and 6.1.17.2.2:

(1) Limit control systems for liquid level, temperature, and pressure required by 6.2.1.7and 6.3.1.2

(2) Monitoring and supervisory systems required by 6.2.1.1 and 6.3.2.1.1




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CommitteeStatement:

The "Use, Dispensing, and Handling" sections also have hazardous material relatedequipment, devices, and systems that would require testing.

ResponseMessage:



31 of 141 1/26/2017 2:47 PM

First Revision No. 37-NFPA 400-2016 [ New Section after 6.2.1.4.1 ]

6.2.1.4.4 Common Path of Travel Distance Limit.

The common path of travel distance from areas required to comply with Protection Level 1 throughProtection Level 5 shall not exceed the distance given in Table 6.2.1.4.4 , measured as required in11.6.3 of NFPA 5000 .

Table 6.2.1.4.4 Common Path of Travel Distance Limits

Distance

Hazard Level ft m

1 25 8

2 25 8

3 25 8

4 75 23

5 75 23

[ 5000: Table 34.3.2.4.6.1]



400-_FR_37_Table_6.2.1.4.4.docx For staff use




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CommitteeStatement:

In regards to egress travel distances, three (3) different travel distances are critical to safe egress. 1)Total Travel Distance to an Exit, or Exit Access Travel Distance, 2) Common Path of Travel, and 3)Dead Ends (in corridors). Each of these must be evaluated separately. The definitions of thesedistances are contained in 2016 NFPA 101 as follows:

3.3.82 Exit Access. That portion of a means of egress that leads to an exit.

3.3.47* Common Path of Travel. The portion of exit access that must be traversed before twoseparate and distinct paths of travel to two exits are available.

Dead ends are not specifically defined in NFPA 101 but are discussed in detail in §A7.5.1.5 and areadequately addressed in NFPA 400 §6.2.1.4.4, extracted from NFPA 5000§34.3.2.4.4.

The limit on common path of travel for occupancies (areas) with >MAQ of hazardous materials(required to meet Protection Level 1-5 requirements) is not currently addressed in NFPA 5000, NFPA


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101, NFPA 1 or NFPA 400.

NFPA 101: The regulation of areas with greater than MAQ of hazardous materials (such as PL-4 area)is outside the scope of NFPA 101 per the following response (emphasis added) that was receivedfrom the NFPA online technical question service:

Dear Martin Gresho

Special requirements for areas with hazardous materials in excess of the MAQ and protection inaccordance with a specific protection level are outside the scope of NFPA 101. These requirementswould be addressed in a building code or fire code.

Section 7.11 only addresses those areas that have contents classified as high hazard in accordancewith NFPA 101. High hazard contents, as defined in NFPA 101, are those that are likely to burnextremely quickly or where explosions are likely. If you do have an occupancy that does not have highhazard contents (as defined in NFPA 101) the common path of travel would be governed by whateverthe occupancy chapter permits.

If you find a more restrictive value for common path of travel in a building or fire code, then the morerestrictive value would apply.

Create Date: 4/23/2014

Contact: Martin Gresho

Document Number: 101

Edition: 2012

Section: 7.11

Subject: Common Path for PL-4

Question for NFPA: The common path distance limitation for protection level 4 occupancies is notlisted. What distance should be used?

NFPA 5000: Travel distance limits for Protection Level 1-5 occupancies are addressed by NFPA 5000in §34.3.2.4.1 and dead end limits are addressed in §34.3.2.4.4, however, there are no requirementsin NFPA 5000 for common path of travel in Protection Level 1-5 occupancies.

NFPA 1: Chapter 14 addresses means of egress but there are no specific requirements for hazardousmaterials >MAQ (PL 1-5) occupancies such as there are in NFPA 5000.

Because no specific limit for common path of travel exists, inappropriate distances could be used forthis critical means of egress element.

Basis for 25 foot distance: For Hazard Levels 1-3 the primary hazard is a physical one. During fireconditions, physical hazards (which may be open or closed use or storage, can dramatically andrapidly change fire characteristics. Therefore the distance one much travel until there are two distinctpaths of travel to an exit must be limited in length. 25 feet is a reasonable distance limit for suchconditions.

Basis for 75 foot distance. Per NFPA 101, the common path of travel in a sprinklered industrial orstorage occupancy is 100 feet (50 feet if un-sprinklered). All PL-4 and PL-5 areas are required to besprinklered regardless, so a common path limit for a non-sprinklered PL-4, 5 area need not bedeveloped – it is not allowed.

As a high hazard area, the common path distance for a PL-4 or PL-5 area should be less than thatallowed for a storage or industrial occupancy. During normal conditions, the health hazardsassociated with toxic solids and liquids are required to be controlled – that is there are robustrequirements for containers, piping, etc. that are already required both by NFPA 400 and applicable


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fire codes as well as various health hazard requirements (related to industrial hygiene) that preventthe release of toxic or highly toxic solids and liquids into occupied areas during normal operation.During a fire condition, release is possible, and egress is needed prior to the development ofuntenable conditions, either due to products of combustion and heat from the fire or due to release ofthe toxic or highly toxic solids or liquids due to a fire induced breach of their containment. The firesprinklers would frequently be expected to eliminate a release, but that is not always the case. Thispossible release warrants a reduction in the 100 foot common path of travel distance from thatallowed for the base occupancies, but not so much as would be required for physical hazards (PL 1-3areas) and more than would be allowed for an un-sprinklered base occupancy (50 feet).

Therefore 75 feet is a reasonable distance for the common path of travel distance for a sprinkleredPL-4 health hazard area.

ResponseMessage:



34 of 141 1/26/2017 2:47 PM

First Revision No. 24-NFPA 400-2016 [ Sections 6.2.1.9.2.2, 6.2.1.9.2.3, 6.2.1.9.2.4 ]

6.2.1.9.2.2

Where spill control is required, floors in indoor locations and similar surfaces in outdoor locations shall beconstructed to contain a spill from the largest single vessel by one of the following methods:

(1) Liquidtight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations

(2) Liquidtight floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations provided with liquidtightraised or recessed sills or dikes

(3) Sumps and collection systems

[ 5000: 34.3.2.8.2.2]

6.2.1.9.2.3

Except for surfacing, the floors, sills, dikes, sumps, and collection systems shall be constructed ofnoncombustible material, and the liquidtight seal shall be compatible with the material stored.[ 5000: 34.3.2.8.2.3]

6.2.1.9.2.4

Where liquidtight sills or dikes are provided, they shall not be required at perimeter openings that areprovided with an open-grate trench across the opening that connects to an approved collection system.[ 5000: 34.3.2.8.2.4]




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Added applicable NFPA 5000 extract tags. Editorial.

Response Message:

Public Input No. 89-NFPA 400-2016 [Sections 6.2.1.9.2.2, 6.2.1.9.2.3, 6.2.1.9.2.4]


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First Revision No. 25-NFPA 400-2016 [ Sections 6.3.2.2.4.2(A), 6.3.2.2.4.2(B) ]

(A)

Where required by Table 6.3.2.2.4.2(A), buildings, or portions thereof, used for either of the following shallbe provided with secondary containment in accordance with 6.3.1.4.2.1 through 6.3.1.4.2.10:

(1) Open use of liquids where the capacity of an individual vessel or system exceeds 1.1 gal (4 L)

(2) Open use of liquids where the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds 5.3 gal (20 L)

[ 5000: 34.3.2.8.3.1]

Table 6.3.2.2.4.2(A) Required Secondary Containment — Hazardous Materials Liquids Use

Material Class Indoor Use Outdoor Use

Physical Hazard Materials

Organic peroxide liquids I R R

II R R

III R R

IV R R

Oxidizer liquids 4 R R

3 R R

2 R R

Pyrophoric liquids R R

Unstable (reactive) liquids 4 R R

3 R R

2 R R

1 NR R

Water-reactive liquids 3 R R

2 R R

1 NR R

Health Hazard Materials

Corrosive liquids R R

Highly toxic liquids R R

Toxic liquids R R

R: required. NR: Not required.

(B)

Buildings, or portions thereof, containing only hazardous materials in listed secondary containment tanksor systems shall not be required to comply with 6.3.2.2.4.2(A). [ 5000: 34.3.2.8.3.2]




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Zip:


Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Proposal is to delete NFPA 5000 extract tag. NFPA 400 governs when secondarycontainment and sill control is required. Editorial.

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 90-NFPA 400-2016 [Sections 6.3.2.2.4.2(A), 6.3.2.2.4.2(B)]


37 of 141 1/26/2017 2:47 PM

First Revision No. 26-NFPA 400-2016 [ Section No. 6.3.2.3.3.1 ]

6.3.2.3.3.1 Spill Control.

Buildings, or portions thereof, where hazardous materials liquids are used in individual closed vesselsexceeding a 55 gal (208.2 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with 6.3.1.4.1through 6.3.1.4.1.3 to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining areas. [ 5000: 34.3.2.8.2.1]




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Proposal is to delete the NFPA 5000 extract tag. NFPA 400 governs when spill control isrequired. Editorial.

Response Message:

Public Input No. 91-NFPA 400-2016 [Section No. 6.3.2.3.3.1]


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11.1.5* Protection of Existing Buildings Retroactivity .

The requirements 11.1.5.1 through 11.1.5.4 shall apply retroactively to existing buildings of Type III, IV,or V construction or buildings with combustible content. Subsections 11.2.5 , 11.2.6 , 11.2.7 , and11.2.8 shall apply retroactively.

11.1.5.1 Automatic Sprinklers.

An automatic fire sprinkler system shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 13 for a minimum extrahazard (group 1).

11.1.5.2 Alarms.

11.1.5.2.1 Fire Detection Systems.

Buildings shall be equipped throughout with an approved fire detection system, including, but not limitedto, a smoke or heat detection system. Such a system shall be supervised in accordance with 6.2.1.11 .

11.1.5.2.2 Audible or Visual Alarm.

Any activation of the fire detection system shall also automatically initiate activation of a local audibleand visual alarm system to notify occupants.

11.1.5.3 Public Notification/Alert System.

An approved public notification/alert system capable of immediately notifying individuals located within1 mile (1609 m) of the facility of the need to evacuate shall be provided.

11.1.5.4 Monitoring/Supervision.

Supervision shall be provided for the alarm, detection, and automatic fire extinguishing system inaccordance with 6.2.1.11 .




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

This section is being relocated into 11.2.5 with some changes to be proposed. It makes moresense to locate the fire protection related features in one area instead of split between these twosections. The annex item is to be similarly relocated.

11.1.5.2.1 and 11.1.5.2.2 already exist as 11.2.6 and 11.2.6.1.

The retroactivity statement was added to emphasize the requirements in the document that areretroactive. The AN task group will relook at the document to see if ther are additional sectionsthat may be retroactive.

ResponseMessage:



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11.2.1.2

Other Contaminated spilled materials and discarded containers shall be gathered for disposal under thefacility operating procedures for hazardous waste containers that cannot be used as originally intendedshall be managed in accordance with applicable state and/or federal environmental requirements .




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Code 400 is not meant to provide guidance on classifying unusable material and hence the useris directed to applicable regulations. Clarified that the material covered in 11.2.1.2 wascontaminated ammonium nitrate and containers.

ResponseMessage:



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11.2.3* Ventilation.

The requirements of Ventilation in accordance with 6.2.1.5 shall apply not be required .



A.11.2.3.docx Taken from PI41. For staff use.

A.11.2.3_Clean.docxNote First doc contains legislative text FYI from PI 41. Second is clean copy. No need to add reference as stated in PI 41 since already in Annex L. For staff use.

FR-11_A.11.2.3.docx




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CommitteeStatement:

Ambient temperature (up to 140 °F) storage of ammonium nitrate prills does not createdecomposition products to a level creating hazards to personnel or sufficient to catalyze higherrates of decomposition and uncontrolled heating. Any type of purposeful ventilation is unnecessaryto prevent uncontrolled decomposition of pure product. See also changes for A.11.2.3 attached.

ResponseMessage:




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11.2.5* Fire Protection Systems.

An automatic fire sprinkler system shall be provided in all buildings of Type III construction, Type IVconstruction, Type V construction, or any construction type with combustible content, including, but notlimited to, all of the materials listed in 11.2.16.1.1 in accordance with NFPA 13 for a minimum extrahazard (group Group 1).

11.2.5.1*

The requirements of 11.2.5 , 11.2.6 , 11.2.7 , and 11.2.8 shall apply retroactively to existingbuildings of Type III construction, Type IV construction, Type V construction, or any construction typewith combustible content.

11.2.5.2

Bulk ammonium nitrate shall be classified as a noncombustible material.

11.2.5.3*

Only water-based suppression systems shall be permitted. Alternative automatic fire extinguishingsystems using foam, dry-chemical or gaseous agents, or steam extinguishing systems shall not beallowed. Only water-based suppression systems shall be permitted.



FR-6_A.11.2.5.docx




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CommitteeStatement:

The changes were made to clarify requirements in the document and how they apply to new andexisting buildings. This modifies the requirements that Type I and Type II construction buildings donot require sprinklers unless they also have combustible content. Some of this material wasrelocated from existing 11.1.5.

11.2.5.2 simply states a fact that is often misinterpreted by users and code officials.

11.2.5.1 clarifies the retroactive nature of the requirement and the Annex statement revises the riskanalysis, which is not clearly supported in this code with reference instead to the PerformanceBased Option provided by Chapter 10.

ResponseMessage:



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11.2.6 Fire Detection Systems.

Buildings shall be equipped throughout with an approved fire detection system, including, but not limitedto, a smoke or heat detection system. Such a system shall be supervised in accordance with 6.2.1.11 .

11.2.6.1 Supervision.

The fire detection system shall be supervised in accordance with 6.2.1.11 .

11.2.6.2 Audible and Visual Alarm.

Any activation of the fire detection system shall also automatically initiate activation of a local audible andvisual alarm system to notify occupants.

11.2.7 Public Notification/Siren System.

An approved public notification/siren system capable of notifying individuals located within 1 mi (1609m) of the facility of the need to evacuate shall be provided by the facility’s owner in all new and existingbuildings of Type III construction, Type IV construction, Type V construction, or any construction typewith combustible content.

11.2.7.1

The siren shall be located in a location on- or off-site that is not susceptible to damage by the potentialevent and is approved by the AHJ.

11.2.7.2*

The public notification siren system shall be capable of being remotely activated by the local emergencycommunication center at the direction of an authorized first responder upon arriving at the scene andevaluating the situation.

11.2.8 Monitoring/Supervision.

Supervision shall be provided for the alarm, detection, and automatic fire extinguishing system in all newand existing buildings of Type III construction, Type IV construction, Type V construction, or any buildingconstruction type with combustible content in accordance with 6.2.1.11 .



FR-7_A.11.2.7.2.docx




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CommitteeStatement:

11.2.6 and 11.2.6.1 are existing text with additional title text added to 11.2.6.1 for consistency withinthis block of requirements


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New requirements 11.2.7 and 11.2.8 are relocated from 11.1.5.3 and 11.1.5.4 with somemodifications and improvements to clarify the prior text in particular

a) clarifying the alert systems should be a siren (commonly used in this application)

b) clarifying that the requirement applies to listed construction types

c) provide Annex text on typical first responder actions

There is concern of false alarms where an automatic alarm system immediately activates the publicnotification/alert system without an assessment by first responders. An unnecessary activation ofthe automated alarm, detection, and automatic fire extinguishing system defined in old 11.1.5.2 ofthe public notification/alert system would unnecessarily cause evacuations to occur and the publicwould ultimately lose faith in this system.

ResponseMessage:



44 of 141 1/26/2017 2:47 PM

First Revision No. 12-NFPA 400-2016 [ New Section after 11.2.7.1.3 ]

11.2.9.2

Portable fire extinguishers shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with NFPA 10 .




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CommitteeStatement:

Conducting periodic inspections, maintenance, and hydrostatic testing of portable fireextinguishers in accordance with NFPA 10 will help ensure that the extinguishers will operateproperly during a fire emergency.

ResponseMessage:



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11.2.14.2 Public Notification/Alert System.

Facilities storing ammonium nitrate that can detonate when exposed to fire conditions in quantities inexcess of 1000 lb (453 kg) shall comply with 11.1.5.2.2 and 11.1.5.3 .




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: This section has been deleted since it is covered in revisions to Section 11.2.7.

Response Message:


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11.3.2.3.7

The Each ammonium nitrate storage bins bin or piles pile inside buildings shall be clearly identified bysigns a sign reading AMMONIUM NITRATE with letters at least 2 in. (5 cm) high.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The edit adds clarification that signage is required for bins that contain ammonium nitrateand are located within buildings.

ResponseMessage:



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First Revision No. 14-NFPA 400-2016 [ New Section after 11.4.1 ]

11.4.4 Storage in Railcars.

Ammonium nitrate in railcars delivered to a private track or private siding shall be considered to be innon–transportation-regulated storage.

11.4.4.1

Intra-plant movements to reposition railcars for the convenience of site operations shall not constitute achange of status from storage to transportation in commerce.

11.4.4.2

Precautions shall be taken to minimize the risk of fire near ammonium nitrate railcars.

11.4.4.3

Railcars being used to store ammonium nitrate shall be separated from combustible materials,including, but not limited to, those identified in 11.2.16.1.1 , for not less than 30 ft (9 m) in all directions.




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Committee Statement

Committee Statement: Railcar storage is covered in 400. This content is to address that coverage.

Response Message:

Public Input No. 54-NFPA 400-2016 [New Section after 11.4.1]


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14.2.5.2

The system shall be designed as follows:

(1) It shall provide the required density over a the hydraulically most remote 3000 ft2 (280 m2) area for

areas protected by a wet pipe sprinkler system or 3900 ft 2 (360 m 2 ) for areas protected by single-interlock preaction sprinkler system. a dry pipe sprinkler system.

(2) Buildings using a dry pipe sprinkler system shall be provided with a required density over the

hydraulically most remote 3900 ft 2 (360 m 2 ) design area and, if used, sprinklers shall be within 6ft (1.8 m) of the top of any stored organic peroxide formulation.

(3) The entire area of any building of less than 3000 ft2 (280 m2) shall be used as the area of application.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Current requirements are not sufficient for large storage quantities and due to rate of burn oforganic peroxide formulations quick activation and close proximity of sprinklers would be requiredto extinguish a fire in its incipient phase. The proposed language would improve the situation.

ResponseMessage:



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First Revision No. 30-NFPA 400-2016 [ New Section after 14.2.5.3 ]

14.2.5.4*

Dry pipe and double-interlock preaction (DIPA) sprinkler systems shall not be permitted for protection ofbuildings or areas containing organic peroxide formulations except as provided for in 14.2.5.4.1 and14.2.5.4.2 .

14.2.5.4.1

Dry pipe and DIPA sprinkler systems shall be permitted for protection of Class I through Class III organicperoxide formulations in detached storage in Type I and Type II construction, as specified in the buildingcode.

14.2.5.4.2

Dry pipe and DIPA sprinkler systems shall be permitted for protection of Class IV and Class V organicperoxide formulations in Type I through Type IV building construction, as specified in the building code.



FR-30_A.14.2.5.4.docx




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Annex material added to clarify that dDry pipe and double-interlock preaction (DIPA) sprinklersystems are not permitted for protection of buildings or areas containing Class I through Class IIIorganic peroxide formulations, except as noted in 14.5.2.3.1 as these formulations generally have afast burning rate and high heat release rate requiring a quick sprinkler response and immediatedischarge of water from the sprinklers. Dry pipe and DIPA sprinkler systems generally result indelayed discharge of water when sprinkler activation occurs.

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 64-NFPA 400-2016 [New Section after 14.2.5.3]


50 of 141 1/26/2017 2:47 PM


14.3.2.1 Storage Limitations.

The MAQs of organic peroxide formulations that can be stored in a single area or building shall depend onthe classification of the formulations, the classification of the storage facility, and sprinkler protection, asset forth in Table 14.3.2.1(a) and Table 14.3.2.1(b) .

Table 14.3.2.1(a) Maximum Quantity of Organic Formulations in Nonsprinklered Buildings

Class ofOrganicPeroxide

Formulation

Detached Storage Minimum Separation*

SegregatedStorage

CutoffStorage 50 ft (15 m) 100 ft (30.5 m) 150 ft (46 m)

lb kg lb kg lb kg lb kg lb kg

I NA NA NA NA 1,000 454 4,000 1,810 10,000 4,540

IIA NA NA 2,000 907 20,000 9,070 80,000 36,300 500,000 227,000

IIB 55,000 24,948 160,000 72,575 600,000 272,158

III 1,500 680 3,000 1,360 70,000 31,800 200,000 90,700 750,000 340,000

IV 100,000 45,400 200,000 90,700 300,000 136,000 500,000 227,000 1,000,000 454,000

V UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL

*Minimum separation means the distance from the line of property that is or can be built upon, includingthe opposite side of a public way, or the distance from the nearest important building on the sameproperty.

NA: Not applicable; UNL: Unlimited.

Table 14.3.2.1(b) Maximum Quantity of Organic Peroxide Formulations in Sprinklered Buildings

Class ofOrganicPeroxide

Formulation

Detached Storage Minimum Separation*

SegregatedStorage

CutoffStorage

50 ft (15 m)100 ft

(30.5 m)150 ft (46 m)

lb kg lb kg lb kg lb kg lb kg

I NA NA 2,000 907 2,000 907 20,000 9,070 175,000 79,400

IIA 4,000 1,810 50,000 22,700 100,000 45,400 200,000 90,700 UNL UNL

IIB 175,000 79,379 UNL UNL UNL UNL

III 50,000 22,700 100,000 45,400 200,000 90,700 UNL UNL UNL UNL

IV UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL

V UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL

*Minimum separation means the distance from the line of property that is or can be built upon, includingthe opposite side of a public way, or the distance from the nearest important building on the sameproperty.

NA: Not applicable; UNL: Unlimited.



400-FR_32_Table_14.3.2.1.docx For staff use



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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The MAQ's listed in Sections 5.2.1.1.3 through 5.2.1.12 apply and Segregated and Cutoff Storageare old concepts that should have been deleted in the 2010 Edition. NFPA 400 now sends the userto Chapter 14 tables for sprinlered and unsprinklered buildings. Additionally this incorporates theaddition of Class IIA and Class IIB. The OPPSD will continue to do testing to verify the quantitiesshown in the tables.

ResponseMessage:



52 of 141 1/26/2017 2:47 PM

First Revision No. 31-NFPA 400-2016 [ Section No. 14.3.2.9 [Excluding any

Sub-Sections] ]

The following shall apply to separation distances:

(1) Incompatible materials and flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall not be stored within 25 ft(7.6 m) of organic peroxide formulations.

(2) The effective separation distance shall be maintained by floor slope, drains, or dikes to prevent liquidleakage from encroaching on the organic peroxide formulation storage area.

(3) Organic peroxide formulations that can also be classified as flammable liquids or combustible liquidsby their flash point shall be permitted to be stored with other organic peroxide formulations, and themore restrictive requirements of NFPA 30 or this code shall apply.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The changes were to provide clarification that both flammable and combustible liquids arecovered by this requirement both as the exposing liquid or the organic peroxide itself as well as toprovide consistency with 15.2.11.13.1.

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 45-NFPA 400-2016 [Section No. 14.3.2.9 [Excluding any Sub-Sections]]


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First Revision No. 33-NFPA 400-2016 [ Section No. 14.3.2.9.4 [Excluding any

Sub-Sections] ]

Storage of 55 gal (208 L) drums of Class II Class IIB or Class III organic peroxide formulations shall bestored only one drum high.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Class IIA organic peroxide formulations are not included since they would not be transportedor stored in 55 gallon drums.

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 75-NFPA 400-2016 [Section No. 14.3.2.9.4 [Excluding any Sub-Sections]]


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First Revision No. 48-NFPA 400-2016 [ Section No. 15.3.2.4.13.5(A) ]


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(A)


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Where required by Table 15.3.2.4.13.4(B) , special in-rack sprinkler protection, which is required by15.3.2.4.13.5(L) , shall be as shown in Figure 15.3.2.4.13.5(A) .

Figure 15.3.2.4.13.5(A) Arrangement of Barriers and In-Rack Sprinklers for Special FireProtection Provisions.


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Submittal Date: Mon Oct 03 16:46:57 EDT 2016

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The only change is to deleted the word "head" in Figure 15.3.2.4.13.5 (A). NFPA 13 does notdefine "sprinkler head". The proper term is sprinkler.

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 20-NFPA 400-2016 [Section No. 15.3.2.4.13.5(A)]


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First Revision No. 34-NFPA 400-2016 [ Section No. A.14.1.1 ]

A.14.1.1

The classification system for organic peroxides is package and burn rate dependent. To address thescope of NFPA 400 for storage, use and handling of each organic peroxide formulation is to be classifiedwith respect to quantity and type of container based upon testing performed to reach a transportclassification . Classification should be done by professionals familiar with the properties of the organicperoxide formulation. Property information used for classification of organic peroxide formulations for UNTransportation of Dangerous Goods can be useful for the NFPA 400 classification. Additionally thesmall-scale and sometimes large-scale burn rate data from actual experiments are used, in addition to thetransport classification, to reach the storage classification. Other useful information includes density, smallfire test data, and fire data for response to sprinkler conditions. For further guidance, see Annex F.




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Current information contained was not consistent with the updates made to the 2016 Edition forobjectively classifying an organic peroxide formulation.The Committee has requested access toburn-rate data from OPPSD to support the changes.

ResponseMessage:



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First Revision No. 3-NFPA 400-2016 [ Section No. B.3.2 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]


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Table B.3.2 provides a summary of chemical families with associated physical and health hazardproperties, which are subdivided into specific categories. This table is for informational purposes only. Thephysical and health hazards indicated are broad representations for the various chemical families. Theseclassifications are not intended to cover all the hazards of a material. A more detailed description of thechemical families, subfamilies, and chemical structure of specific hazards are contained in the explanatorymaterial following the table. For specific information, the chemical-specific SDS must be consulted.Additional information can be obtained from the manufacturer.

Table B.3.2 NFPA 400 Chemical Data

CHEMICAL

FAMILYcCHEMICAL

STRUCTUREUnstableReactive

WaterReactive Oxidize

(S, L,

G)* (S, L, G) (S, L, G

Acids CarboxylicR-COOH,Ar-COOH

— — —

Peroxy R-OOH, Ar-OOH ✓✓✓ — ✓✓✓

Mineral — ✓ —

Gaseous — ✓ —

Oxidizing — — ✓✓✓

Alcohols Aliphatic R-OH — — —


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CHEMICAL

FAMILYcCHEMICAL



(S, L,

G)* (S, L, G) (S, L, G

Aromatic Ar-OH — — —

Alkyl halides R-X — — —

Amines Aliphatic, organicR-NH2, R2NH,

R3N— — —

Aromatic Ar-NH2, Ar(N) — — —

Bases Alkalis — ✓ —


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CHEMICAL

FAMILYcCHEMICAL



(S, L,

G)* (S, L, G) (S, L, G

Gaseous — — —

Carbides/Nitrides M-C2, M-N — ✓ —

Carbonyl compounds Acid anhydrides R1-C(O)OC(O)-R2 — ✓ —

Acyl halidesR, Ar-C(O)X,R,Ar-SO2-X — ✓✓✓ —

Aldehydes RCH=O, Ar-CH=O — — —

Esters R1(C=O)OR2 — — —


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CHEMICAL

FAMILYcCHEMICAL



(S, L,

G)* (S, L, G) (S, L, G

Halides C(O)X2, C(S)X2 ✓ ✓✓✓ —

Ketones R1R2C=O — — —

Cyanides Gaseous — — —

Inorganic M-CN — ✓ —

Organic (nitriles) R, Ar-CN — — —

Epoxides ✓ — —


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CHEMICAL

FAMILYcCHEMICAL



(S, L,

G)* (S, L, G) (S, L, G

Ethers/glycols Glycols R-O-R — — —

Gases Flammable — — —

Halogens X-X — ✓ ✓

Nonflammable — — —

Oxidizing — — ✓✓✓

Pyrophoric — — —

SulfurGases gases

R-SH — — —

Hydrocarbons Aliphatic R — — —

Alkenes R1CH=CHR2 ✓ — —


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CHEMICAL

FAMILYcCHEMICAL



(S, L,

G)* (S, L, G) (S, L, G

AlkynesR1C≡CR2,

R-C≡C-H✓✓ — —

Aromatic Ar — — —

IsocyanatesR-N=C=O,Ar-N=C=O

✓✓✓ ✓✓ —

MetalsMetalAlkyls alkyls

M-R — ✓✓✓ —

MetalHalides halides

M-X — — —


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CHEMICAL

FAMILYcCHEMICAL



(S, L,

G)* (S, L, G) (S, L, G

MetalHydrides hydrides(solids)

M-H — ✓✓✓ —

Metal Hydrideshydrides (gases)

M-H — — —

Metals (alkali) M — ✓✓✓ —

Metals(powdered)

M — ✓✓✓ —

Nitrated compounds Nitro R, Ar-NO2 ✓✓ — —

Azo (aliphatic) R-N=N-R ✓✓✓ — —

Azo (aromatic) Ar-N=N-Ar — — —


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CHEMICAL

FAMILYcCHEMICAL



(S, L,

G)* (S, L, G) (S, L, G

Azides R, Ar-N3 ✓✓✓ — —

InorganicNitrites nitrites

M-NO2 — — ✓✓✓

InorganicNitrates nitrites

M-NO3 ✓ — ✓✓✓

Nitrogen-Halogen halogen compounds R-N-X ✓ ✓ ✓✓✓

OxyanionM-ClO3, M-ClO2,

M-ClO4, M-OCl✓ ✓ ✓✓✓

Peroxides Organic R-O-O-R ✓✓✓ — ✓


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CHEMICAL

FAMILYcCHEMICAL



(S, L,

G)* (S, L, G) (S, L, G

Metal/Inorganic M-O-O — ✓ ✓✓✓

Phosphorus-Halogen halogen Compounds compounds

O=P-X3, P-X — ✓✓✓ —

Ar = phenyl ring; X = halogen (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine); R = organic; M = metal.

Notes:

*(S, L, G) refers to whether hazards apply to “Solid,” “Liquid,” and/or “Gaseous” physical forms. (1) S, L,and G refers to whether hazards apply to solid, liquid, and/or gaseous physical forms.

(2) A triple check mark ( ✓✓✓) Indicates indicates that most or all of the chemicals within the family orsub-family might have the indicated physical and health hazards.

(3) A double check mark ( ✓✓) Indicates indicates that some of the chemicals in within the family orsub-family might have this additional physical and health hazards.

(4) A single check mark ( ✓) Indicates indicates that only a select few chemicals within a specific familydisplay the relevant physical and health hazards.

(5) No checkmarks (—) indicate that hazards are not applicable for the specific chemical category.

"-" = Not applicable for the specific chemical category.

aThe physical and health hazards are BROAD broad representations for the various classes of chemicals.These classifications are NOT not intended to cover all hazards of a material. For specific information, thechemical-specific SDS MUST must be consulted. Additional information can be obtained from themanufacturer.

bFor additional concentration dependent hazard categories, see Section B.5.

cSource material for the chemical families includes Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards

(Elsevier Science & Technology Books), 7th ed.; Comprehensive Guide to Hazardous Properties ofChemical Substances (Wiley Interscience); and Table 2.4 and Table 2.5 of Guidelines for ChemicalReactivity Evaluation and Application to Process Design(Tables 2.4 and 2.5) [Center for Chemical ProcessSafety (CCPS)/AIChE].

d“Peroxide” is not a hazard characteristic but a unique chemical family with a range of properties listed asa specific physical hazard under NFPA 400.


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eThe “flammable or combustible” hazard categories are NOT not regulated under NFPA 400. However,many chemicals exhibit the hazard properties of flammability or combustibility.

fThe examples and their classifications represent neat, undiluted, commercially-available products.Source material for the examples listed includes US EPA High Production Volume (HPV) ChallengeProgram List; the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Integrated HPVDatabase; Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards (Elsevier Science & Technology Books),

7th ed.; The Handbook of Compressed Gases (Compressed Gas Association), 4th Ed.; and U.S.Dept Department of Labor, 29 CFR 1910.119, Appendix A, “List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxicsand Reactives (Mandatory).”




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

The statement about the examples provided in the table does not belong in a header for the tableand therefore has been moved to footnote and the header remains as written.The only change isthe removal of text from the heading in the last column to footnote f instead.

ResponseMessage:


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First Revision No. 36-NFPA 400-2016 [ Section No. E.3 ]

E.3 Ammonium Nitrate Resources.

References that discuss the production of AN include Nitric Acid and Fertilizer Nitrates and The FertilizerManual.

Guidance for storage can be found in the following references:

(1) EPA OSHA ATF 550-F-15-001, Chemical Advisory: Safe Storage, Handling, and Management ofSolid Ammonium Nitrate, EPA 550-S-13-001 Prills , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms,and Explosives (ATF), June 2015 August 2013 .

(2) European Fertilizers Manufacturers Association “ Guidance for the Storage, Handling, andTransportation of Solid Mineral Fertilisers,” European Fertilizers, Manufacturers’ Association, 2007.www.efma.org fertilizerseurope.com .

(3) Health Safety Executive’s HSE INDG230, “ Storing and Handling Ammonium Nitrate, ,” Health andSafety Executive, 1996. http://www.hse.gov.uk/explosives/ammonium.

Test data on AN are is included in the following references :

(1) Oxley, J., J. Smith, E. Rogers, and M. Yu, Thermochimica Acta, . “Ammonium Nitrate nitrate : thermalstability and explosivity modifiers, . ”Thermochimica Acta 384 ( 2002): 23–45 .

(2) Report of Investigations 6903, Further Studies on Sympathetic Detonation, U.S. Bureau of Mines,1966 .

(3) Report of Investigations 6773, Explosion Hazards of Ammonium Nitrate Under Fire Exposure, U.S.Bureau of Mines, 1966 .

(4) U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 6746, Sympathetic Detonation of Ammonium Nitrateand Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil, U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1966 .

Information on safety and security for AN can be found in “Safety and Security Guidelines for AmmoniumNitrate,” International Association of Fire Chiefs Association (IFCA IAFC ); Institute of Makers ofExplosives (IME); and National Stone, Sand, and Gravel Association (NSSGA), December 2013.https://www.osha.gov/chemicalexecutiveorder/an_guidelines_IAFC-IME-NSSGA-ISEE.pdf. http://www.ime.org/userfiles/files/AN%20Guidelines_IAFC-IME-NSSGA(FINAL)(1).pdf.




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CommitteeStatement:

Correcting reference for the EPA/OSHA/ATF ammonium nitrate safety Advisory to reflect therevised version published in June 2015. Updating link to European Fertilizer ManufacturersAssociation.

ResponseMessage:


71 of 141 1/26/2017 2:47 PM

Public Input No. 50-NFPA 400-2016 [Section No. E.3]

Public Input No. 79-NFPA 400-2016 [Section No. E.3]


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First Revision No. 60-NFPA 400-2017 [ Section No. G.1.4.2 ]

G.1.4.2 Instrumentation and Test Set-Up.

Laboratory Balance. A laboratory balance is positioned and leveled inside a clean laboratory hood. Thehood air stream velocity should be 0.5 m/s (1.6 ft/s) or less measured at the face of the hood and capableof capturing all gaseous products generated. An apparatus such as a metal frame, constructed of weldedsteel and having two pins at the diagonal of the weighing surface, is used to center scale protectionmaterials. The pins do not contact the laboratory balance but function to center protection materials. Thelaboratory balance programmable response-time settings are optimized to establish the data outputinterval. Data collection at 0.2-, 0.5-, or 1-second intervals are typical. Data-logging parameters aresimilarly set at the computer interface and software to collect and record time-stamped mass data.Auto-calibration functions of the balance, if any, are disabled during tests.

Protection Materials. The laboratory balance weighing pan is protected with three or more layers ofhigh-temperature ceramic fiberboard. For example, a balance weighing surface with dimensions 0.15 m ×0.15 m (6 in. × 6 in.) would be protected with a bottom or base layer of Kaowool HT board 0.30 m ×0.30 m × 0.013 m(12 in. × 12 in. × 1⁄2 in.). The base layer extends beyond the balance to capture materialejected from the test platform. Two openings in the base layer correspond to the location of the centeringpins of the apparatus. The middle layer is Kaowool HT board (0.178 m × 0.178 m × 0.013 m (7 in. × 7 in. ×1⁄2 in.), and the top layer, or test platform, is Kaowool PM board 0.114 m × 0.114 m × 0.006 m (4 1⁄2 in. × 41⁄2 in. × 1⁄4 in.). The base layer of protection remains on the balance after each trial.

Due to heat retained from the glowing wire and/or test mixtures, the two top layers of ceramic board onthe base layer are removed after each test. The middle and top layers of HT board can be reused aftercleaning and cooling to room temperature.

A suitable barrier is constructed around the laboratory balance and protection materials to prevent aircurrents from the operating hood from influencing balance stability. For example, a barrier might consist ofup to three 0.0127 m (1⁄2 in) thick fiber boards — one on each side of the balance extending from the backof the hood to the front of the hood and one in the back and clear plastic in the front secured to the sideswith tape. The hood air velocity should not interfere with balance stability.

Thermocouples (Optional). Three, K-type air thermocouples (TC) are secured to a ring stand to oneside of the protected lab balance. The tips of the thermocouples are centered above the test platform. Thedistance from the surface of the test platform recommended to capture the range in plume temperaturesare 7.6 cm(3 in),15.2 cm(6 in), and 22.8 cm (9 in). A fourth K-type thermocouple monitors the ambienttemperature. The TCs are attached to the data acquisition system programmed to record the plumetemperatures over the same time interval as the lab balance (e.g., 0.2-, 0.5-, and 1-second intervals). Thefixed-height thermocouples are also used to estimate peak flame height during a test.

Ignition source. A wire (for example, Nichrome) is formed as specified in Figure G 1.4.2 . The length ofthe wire is 30±1 cm; (11.8 in); the wire diameter is <1 mm (<0.039 in). A variable laboratory power supplyis used to regulate the voltage and current to the wire to achieve 150±7 W when energized. It is veryimportant that the power connection to the heating wire is flexible enough to avoid any influence on theproper operation of the balance. For example, conductors from the power supply output can be secured toone or more ceramic terminal blocks. The first terminal block, secured with a clamp at the rear of the labbalance, has conductors to a second ceramic terminal block near the test platform, and the looped wire isinserted in the second terminal block to complete the circuit. The looped portion of the wire is centeredover the test platform.




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Submittal Date: Fri Jan 20 17:46:13 EST 2017

Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Figure was never put in document. Committee will review this at second draft to determine ifa figure should be placed in annex G.

ResponseMessage:


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First Revision No. 61-NFPA 400-2017 [ Section No. G.1.4.5 ]

G.1.4.5 Test Data.

Visual. Photographs and/or video recordings are used to document, at a minimum, one representativetrial in a test series. Visual observations should be recorded and might include: the peak flame heightabove the test platform; whether the pile ignited readily or was slow to ignite; whether flames readilyspread over the pile or were slow to spread; the flame color; the relative volume and color of gaseousproducts generated; material displaced from the test platform, if any; unusual burning behavior such asswelling or “boiling”; observable or clear dependence of burning rate on the duration of the energized wire;irregular or intermittent burning; and presence of unburned or uninvolved material remaining at the end ofa test.

Calculated. The profile of each burning test is examined by plotting the mass loss data as a function oftime. The percent material consumed is calculated from the final measured mass loss (mf) over the initial

mass (mi or 30.0 g) of the mixture times 100 percent. The mass loss rate is then calculated from the time

at 20 percent and 80 percent the final measured mass loss. For example, the balance with a 30.0 gmixture is tared to and starts with a reading of 0.0 g and, at the completion of combustion, ends with areading of –20.0 g. The percent material consumed is 20.0/30.0 g × 100 or 67 percent. The mass loss rateis calculated from the time at 0.20 × 20.0 g or 4.0 g to the time at 0.80 × 20.0 g or 16.0 g. The mass lossrate is preferably calculated by performing a least squares linear fit of the mass loss data between 0.20 mf

and 0.80 mf. The coefficient of correlation (R²) of the mass curve from each trial should be at least 0.90

between 20 percent and 80 percent mass loss. The active burning time is the time from first measurablemass loss to the time at 0.80 mf. First measurable mass loss is defined as, upon energizing the wire, the

first time-stamped mass data that leads a continuous series of decreasing mass at the pile as ignition,combustion, or decomposition occurs.

Mass loss rate and active burning time data are calculated for each trial within a series and are then usedto calculate an average and sample standard deviation for the series of trials (e.g., 5 trials for1:1 mixture).If the burning behavior is found to depend on the duration of wire continuity, the highest massloss rate is used instead of the average; or a sufficient number of trials are conducted to obtain trialswhere the wire break occurs after the main reaction time.


Submitter Full Name: Sonia Barbosa


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Submittal Date: Tue Jan 24 09:34:42 EST 2017

Committee Statement

Committee Statement: The word 'time' was inadvertently left out during the last revision cycle.

Response Message:


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First Revision No. 40-NFPA 400-2016 [ Sections G.2.1, G.2.2, G.2.3, G.2.4 ]

G.2.1 General.

Unless concentration is specified, undiluted material is referenced. The lists of oxidizers in G.2.2 throughG.2.4 are provided to clarify how the committee has classified typical oxidizers. The oxidizers markedwith ** are classed based on the results of tests and criteria in Table G.1.2(a). The lists are notall-inclusive and are amended to reflect how typical oxidizers are used, handled, and stored.

G.2.2 Class 1 Oxidizer.

Potassium monopersulfate (45 percent KHSO 5 or 90 percent triple salt)**

G.2.3 Class 2 Oxidizers.

The following are Class 2 oxidizers:

Ammonium nitrate prill (99 percent)**

Calcium hypochlorite (48 percent or less by weight unless covered by other formulations inG.1.2 )**

Calcium peroxide (75 percent)**

Sodium persulfate (99 percent)**

Sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione anhydrous (sodium dichloroisocyanurate anhydrous)**


The following are Class 3 oxidizers:

Calcium hypochlorite (over 48 percent by weight unless covered by other formulations in G.1.2)

Potassium perchlorate (99 percent)**

Potassium permanganate (>97.5 percent)**




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Specially presenting under separate code section (e.g., G.2.2, G.2.3 and G.2.4) those oxidizers thathave been classified based on the results o tests and criteria in Table G.1.2(a) may have beenappropriate at the outset of the oxidizer classification work using the objective and quantifiablemethodology. However, specifically sectioning those oxidizers can be effectively accomplished in asimilar and more applicable manner under the typical oxidizer heading. Those oxidizers classifiedbased on the results of tests and criteria in Table G.1.2(a) should as designated in the proposed codechange continue to be identified with ** but should be moved to the general body of listed oxidizers.This code change will reduce possible confusion and firmly convey the Committee's support andreliance on the classification of oxidizers based on the results and criteria in Table G.1.2(a)


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ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 35-NFPA 400-2016 [Sections G.2.1, G.2.2, G.2.3, G.2.4]


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First Revision No. 49-NFPA 400-2016 [ Sections G.3.1, G.3.2, G.3.3, G.3.4, G.3.5 ]


The following are typical Class 1 oxidizers:

(1) All inorganic nitrates (unless otherwise classified)

(2) All inorganic nitrites (unless otherwise classified)

(3) Ammonium persulfate

(4) Barium peroxide

(5) Calcium hypochlorite (nominal 80 percent, maximum 81 percent) blended with magnesium sulfateheptahydrate (nominal 20 percent, minimum 19 percent) having an available chlorine of less than orequal to 66 percent and a total water content of at least 17 percent.

(6) Calcium peroxide

(7) Hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 8 percent up to 27.5 percent)

(8) Lead dioxide

(9) Lithium hypochlorite (39 percent or less available chlorine)

(10) Lithium peroxide

(11) Magnesium peroxide

(12) Manganese dioxide

(13) Nitric acid (40 percent concentration or less)

(14) Perchloric acid solutions (less than 50 percent by weight)

(15) Potassium dichromate

(16) Potassium monopersulfate (45 percent KHSO 5 or 90 percent triple salt)**

(17) Potassium percarbonate

(18) Potassium persulfate

(19) Sodium carbonate peroxide

(20) Sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione dihydrate (sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate)

(21) Sodium dichromate

(22) Sodium perborate (anhydrous)

(23) Sodium perborate monohydrate

(24) Sodium perborate tetrahydrate

(25) Sodium percarbonate

(26) Sodium persulfate

(27) Strontium peroxide

(28) Trichloro-s-triazinetrione [trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA; trichlor), all physical forms]

(29) Zinc peroxide


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(1) Ammonium nitrate prill (99 percent)**

(2) Barium bromate

(3) Barium chlorate

(4) Barium hypochlorite

(5) Barium perchlorate

(6) Barium permanganate

(7) 1-Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH)

(8) Calcium chlorate

(9) Calcium chlorite

(10) Calcium hypochlorite (48 percent or less by weight unless covered by other formulations in G.1.2 )**

(11) Calcium hypochlorite (50 percent or less by weight unless covered by other formulations inSection G.3 G.2 ).

(12) Calcium perchlorate

(13) Calcium permanganate

(14) Calcium peroxide (75 percent)**

(15) Chromium trioxide (chromic acid)

(16) Copper chlorate

(17) Halane (1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin)

(18) Hydrogen peroxide (greater than 27.5 percent up to 52 percent)

(19) Lead perchlorate

(20) Lithium chlorate

(21) Lithium hypochlorite (more than 39 percent available chlorine)

(22) Lithium perchlorate

(23) Magnesium bromate

(24) Magnesium chlorate

(25) Magnesium perchlorate

(26) Mercurous chlorate

(27) Nitric acid (more than 40 percent but less than 86 percent)

(28) Nitrogen tetroxide

(29) Perchloric acid solutions (more than 50 percent but less than 60 percent)

(30) Potassium perchlorate

(31) Potassium permanganate

(32) Potassium peroxide

(33) Potassium superoxide

(34) Silver peroxide

(35) Sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione anhydrous (sodium dichlorocyanurate anhydrous)**

(36) Sodium chlorite (40 percent or less by weight)

(37) Sodium perchlorate

(38) Sodium perchlorate monohydrate

(39) Sodium permanganate

(40) Sodium peroxide


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(41) Sodium persulfate (99 percent)**

(42) Strontium chlorate

(43) Strontium perchlorate

(44) Thallium chlorate

(45) Urea hydrogen peroxide

(46) Zinc bromate

(47) Zinc chlorate

(48) Zinc permanganate



(1) Ammonium dichromate

(2) Calcium hypochlorite (over 48 percent by weight unless covered by other formulations in G.1.2 )**

(3) Calcium hypochlorite (over 50 percent by weight unless covered in other formulations inSection G.3 G.2 )

(4) Calcium hypochlorite (over 50 percent by weight)

(5) Chloric acid (10 percent maximum concentration)

(6) Hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 52 percent up to 91 percent)

(7) Mono-(trichloro)-tetra-(monopotassium dichloro)-penta-s-triazinetrione

(8) Nitric acid, fuming (more than 86 percent concentration)

(9) Perchloric acid solutions (60 percent to 72 percent by weight)

(10) Potassium bromate

(11) Potassium chlorate

(12) Potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (potassium dichloroisocyanurate)

(13) Potassium perchlorate (99 percent)**

(14) Potassium permanganate (greater than 97.5 percent)**

(15) Sodium bromate

(16) Sodium chlorate

(17) Sodium chlorite (over 40 percent by weight)



(1) Ammonium perchlorate (particle size greater than 15 microns)

(2) Ammonium permanganate

(3) Guanidine nitrate

(4) Hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 91 percent)

(5) Tetranitromethane

Ammonium perchlorate that is less than 15 microns is classified as an explosive and, as such, is notcovered by this code. (See NFPA 495.)

Detail FR-58

G.3 Typical Oxidizers.


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G.3.1 General.

Unless concentration is specified, undiluted material is referenced. The lists of oxidizers in G.3.2 throughG.3.5 are provided to clarify how the committee has classified typical oxidizers. The lists are notall-inclusive and are amended to reflect typical oxidizers used.

Moved by FR-49



All inorganic nitrates (unless otherwise classified)

All inorganic nitrites (unless otherwise classified)

Ammonium persulfate

Barium peroxide

Calcium hypochlorite (nominal 80 percent, maximum 81 percent) blended with magnesium sulfateheptahydrate(nominal 20 percent, minimum 19 percent) having an available chlorine of less thanor equal to 66 percent and a total water content of at least 17 percent.

Calcium peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 8 percent up to 27.5 percent)

Lead dioxide

Lithium hypochlorite (39 percent or less available chlorine)

Lithium peroxide

Magnesium peroxide

Manganese dioxide

Nitric acid (40 percent concentration or less)

Perchloric acid solutions (less than 50 percent by weight)

Potassium dichromate

Potassium percarbonate

Potassium persulfate

Sodium carbonate peroxide

Sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione dihydrate (sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate)

Sodium dichromate

Sodium perborate (anhydrous)

Sodium perborate monohydrate

Sodium perborate tetrahydrate

Sodium percarbonate

Sodium persulfate

Strontium peroxide

Trichloro-s-triazinetrione [trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA; trichlor), all physical forms]

Zinc peroxide


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Barium bromate

Barium chlorate

Barium hypochlorite

Barium perchlorate

Barium permanganate

1-Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH)

Calcium chlorate

Calcium chlorite

Calcium hypochlorite (50 percent or less by weight unless covered by other formulations inSection G.3 ).

Calcium perchlorate

Calcium permanganate

Chromium trioxide (chromic acid)

Copper chlorate

Halane (1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin)

Hydrogen peroxide (greater than 27.5 percent up to 52 percent)

Lead perchlorate

Lithium chlorate

Lithium hypochlorite (more than 39 percent available chlorine)

Lithium perchlorate

Magnesium bromate

Magnesium chlorate

Magnesium perchlorate

Mercurous chlorate

Nitric acid (more than 40 percent but less than 86 percent)

Nitrogen tetroxide

Perchloric acid solutions (more than 50 percent but less than 60 percent)

Potassium perchlorate

Potassium permanganate

Potassium peroxide

Potassium superoxide

Silver peroxide

Sodium chlorite (40 percent or less by weight)

Sodium perchlorate

Sodium perchlorate monohydrate

Sodium permanganate

Sodium peroxide

Strontium chlorate

Strontium perchlorate

Thallium chlorate

Urea hydrogen peroxide


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Zinc bromate

Zinc chlorate

Zinc permanganate



Ammonium dichromate

Calcium hypochlorite (over 50 percent by weight unless covered in other formulations inSection G.3 )

Calcium hypochlorite (over 50 percent by weight)

Chloric acid (10 percent maximum concentration)

Hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 52 percent up to 91 percent)

Mono-(trichloro)-tetra-(monopotassium dichloro)-penta-s-triazinetrione

Nitric acid, fuming (more than 86 percent concentration)

Perchloric acid solutions (60 percent to 72 percent by weight)

Potassium bromate

Potassium chlorate

Potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (potassium dichloroisocyanurate)

Sodium bromate

Sodium chlorate

Sodium chlorite (over 40 percent by weight)



Ammonium perchlorate (particle size greater than 15 microns)

Ammonium permanganate

Guanidine nitrate

Hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 91 percent)

Tetranitromethane

Ammonium perchlorate less than 15 microns is classified as an explosive and, as such, is not covered bythis code. (See NFPA 495.)




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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Specially presenting under separate code section (e.g., G.2.2, G.2.3 and G.2.4) those oxidizers thathave been classified based on the results o tests and criteria in Table G.1.2(a) may have beenappropriate at the outset of the oxidizer classification work using the objective and quantifiablemethodology. However, specifically sectioning those oxidizers can be effectively accomplished in asimilar and more applicable manner under the typical oxidizer heading. Those oxidizers classifiedbased on the results of tests and criteria in Table G.1.2(a) should as designated in the proposed codechange continue to be identified with ** but should be moved to the general body of listed oxidizers.This code change will reduce possible confusion and firmly convey the Committee's support andreliance on the classification of oxidizers based on the results and criteria in Table G.1.2(a)

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 37-NFPA 400-2016 [Sections G.3.1, G.3.2, G.3.3, G.3.4, G.3.5]


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First Revision No. 41-NFPA 400-2016 [ Section No. G.6 ]

G.5 Safety Information on Oxidizers Used as Fertilizers—Ammonium Nitrate (AN) Prill.

Solid-form AN (NH4NO3) prill is used in agricultural applications as a fertilizer and in industrial

applications as a component of explosives. AN prill for agricultural use is typically 99 percent AN, haslarger prill size, and has lower porosity. AN is an oxidizer. It decomposes or melts at 337°F (169°C); thegaseous products of decomposition are toxic, can support combustion, and can cause an increase inpressure where confined. Under certain conditions, including contamination, confinement, strong shock,and exposure to an external fire, AN prill can detonate. Guidance for the safe storage, use, and handlingof AN prill is contained in Chapter 11, Annex E, and EPA 550-S F -13 15 -001, Chemical Advisory: SafeStorage, Handling, and Management of Solid Ammonium Nitrate Prills .




Street Address:

City:

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Committee Statement

CommitteeStatement:

Updating document reference for EPA OSHA ATF ammonium nitrate chemical advisorywhich was revised in June 2015.

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 80-NFPA 400-2016 [Section No. G.6]


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First Revision No. 15-NFPA 400-2016 [ Chapter J ]

Annex J Hazardous Material Definitions Comparison Table

This annex is not part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informationalpurposes only.


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J.1


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There are multiple published definitions for the various classifications of hazardous material. Table J.1provides a tabular presentation of the various definitions published within NFPA 400 as well as the sourceNFPA document for those definitions that are extracted. In addition, the table presents correspondingdefinitions, where available, from both the 2012 edition of the International Fire Code as well as from the2012 edition of the Hazard Communication Standard developed by the Occupational Health and SafetyAdministration (OSHA). OSHA’s 2012 Hazard Communication Standard aligns with the United Nations'Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals.

Table J.1 Hazardous Material Definitions Comparison

MaterialClassification

ClassControllingDocument

400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition

HCS 2012/UNDefinition

CombustibleLiquid liquid

II 30 Any liquid thathas a flashpoint at orabove 100°F(60°C) andbelow 200°F(93°C).

Liquids having aclosed cup flashpoint at orabove 100°F(38°C) andbelow 140°F(60°C).

Flammableliquid Category3: Flash point≥23°C (73.4°F)and ≤60°C(140°F).

IIIA 30 Any liquid thathas a flashpoint at orabove 140°F(60°C) andbelow 200°F(93°C).

Liquids having aclosed cup flashpoint at orabove 140°F(60°C) andbelow 200°F(93°C).

Flammableliquid Category4: Flash point>60°C (140°F)and ≤93°C(199.4°F).

IIIB 30 Any liquid thathas a flashpoint at orabove 200°F(93°C).

Liquids havingclosed cup flashpoints at orabove 200°F(93°C).

Consumerfireworks

1124 Small fireworksdevicescontainingrestrictedamounts ofpyrotechniccomposition,designedprimarily toproduce visibleor audibleeffects bycombustion,that complywith theconstruction,chemicalcomposition,and labelingregulations ofthe U.S.ConsumerProduct SafetyCommission(CPSC), as setforth in CPSC16 CFR 1500and 1507,49 CFR 172,

Any compositionor device for thepurpose ofproducing avisible or anaudible effect forentertainmentpurposes bycombustion,deflagration ordetonation thatmeets thedefinition of1.4G fireworksor 1.3Gfireworks as setforth herein.


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


and APAStandard 87–1,Standard fortheConstructionand ApprovalforTransportationof Fireworks,Novelties, andTheatricalPyrotechnics.

Combustiblemetals

484

Notspecificallydefined.

Flammablesolid means asolid which is areadilycombustiblesolid, or whichmay cause orcontribute to firethrough friction.Powders ofmetals or metalalloys shall beclassified asflammable solidswhen they canbe ignited andthe reactionspreads over thewhole length ofthe sample in10 min or less.Category 1:Burning rate test:Metal powders:burning time≤5 min. Category2: Burning ratetest: Metalpowders: burningtime >5 min and≤10 min.

Cryogenic fluid Flammable 55 Notspecificallydefined.

Oxidizing 55 Notspecificallydefined.

Inert 55


A fluid having aboiling pointlower than–130°F(–89.9°C) at14.7 pounds persquare inchatmosphere

Gases underpressure aregases which arecontained in areceptacle at apressure of200 kPa (gauge)or more at 20°C,


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


(psia) (anabsolutepressure of101.3 kPa).

or which areliquefied orliquefied andrefrigerated.Liquefied gas: Agas which whenunder pressure ispartially liquid attemperaturesabove –50°C(–58°F). Adistinction ismade between:

(a) High pressureliquefied gas: agas with a criticaltemperaturebetween –50°C(–58°F) and+65°C (149°F);and

(b) Low pressureliquefied gas: agas with a criticaltemperatureabove +65°C(149°F). Thecriticaltemperature isthe temperatureabove which apure gas cannotbe liquefied,regardless of thedegree ofcompression.

Explosives 495

Any chemicalcompound,mixture, ordevice, theprimary orcommonpurpose ofwhich is tofunction byexplosion.

A chemicalcompound,mixture ordevice, theprimary orcommonpurpose ofwhich is tofunction byexplosion. Theterm includes,but is not limitedto, dynamite,black powder,pellet powder,initiatingexplosives,detonators,safety fuses,squibs,detonating cord,igniter cord,

An explosivechemical is asolid or liquidchemical whichis in itselfcapable bychemicalreaction ofproducing gas atsuch atemperature andpressure and atsuch a speed asto cause damageto thesurroundings.Pyrotechnicchemicals areincluded evenwhen they do notevolve gases.


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


igniters anddisplayfireworks, 1.3G.The term“Explosive”includes anymaterialdetermined tobe within thescope of USCTitle 18:Chapter 40 andalso includesany materialclassified as anexplosive otherthan consumerfireworks, 1.4Gby thehazardousmaterialsregulations ofDOT 49 CFRParts 100–185.

A pyrotechnicchemical is achemicaldesigned toproduce an effectby heat, light,sound, gas orsmoke or acombination ofthese as theresult ofnon-detonativeself-sustainingexothermicchemicalreactions.

An explosiveitem is an itemcontaining one ormore explosivechemicals.

A pyrotechnicitem is an itemcontaining one ormore pyrotechnicchemicals.

An unstableexplosive is anexplosive whichis thermallyunstable and/ortoo sensitive fornormal handling,transport, or use.

An intentionalexplosive is achemical or itemwhich ismanufacturedwith a view toproduce apracticalexplosive orpyrotechniceffect.

Division 1.1:Chemicals anditems which havea mass explosionhazard (a massexplosion is onewhich affectsalmost the entirequantity presentvirtuallyinstantaneously);

Division 1.2:


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


Chemicals anditems which havea projectionhazard but not amass explosionhazard;

Division 1.3:Chemicals anditems which havea fire hazard andeither a minorblast hazard or aminor projectionhazard or both,but not a massexplosionhazard:

(i) Combustion ofwhich gives riseto considerableradiant heat; or

(ii) Which burnone afteranother,producing minorblast orprojection effectsor both;

Division 1.4:Chemicals anditems whichpresent nosignificanthazard:chemicals anditems whichpresent only asmall hazard inthe event ofignition orinitiation. Theeffects arelargely confinedto the packageand no projectionof fragments ofappreciable sizeor range is to beexpected. Anexternal fire shallnot causevirtuallyinstantaneousexplosion ofalmost the entirecontents of thepackage;


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


Division 1.5:Very insensitivechemicals whichhave a massexplosionhazard:chemicals whichhave a massexplosion hazardbut are soinsensitive thatthere is very littleprobability ofinitiation or oftransition fromburning todetonation undernormalconditions;

Division 1.6:Extremelyinsensitive itemswhich do nothave a massexplosionhazard: itemswhich containonly extremelyinsensitivedetonatingchemicals andwhichdemonstrate anegligibleprobability ofaccidentalinitiation orpropagation.

Flammable gas Gaseous 55 A material thatis a gas at20°C (68°F) orless at anabsolutepressure of101.325 kPa(14.7 psia),that is ignitableat an absolutepressure of101.325 kPa(14.7 psia)when in amixture of13 percent orless by volumewith air, or thathas aflammable

A material whichis a gas at 68°F(20°C) or less at14.7 pounds persquare inchatmosphere(psia) (101 kPa)of pressure [amaterial that hasa boiling point of68°F (20°C) orless at 14.7 psia(101 kPa)]which:

1. Is ignitable at14.7 psia(101 kPa) whenin a mixture of13 percent orless by volume

Flammable gasmeans a gashaving aflammable rangewith air at 20°C(68°F) and astandardpressure of101.3 kPa(14.7 psi).

Category 1:Gases, which at20°C (68°F) anda standardpressure of101.3 kPa(14.7 psi):

(a) are ignitablewhen in a


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


range at anabsolutepressure of101.325 kPa(14.7 psia) withair of at least12 percent,regardless ofthe lower limit.

with air; or

2. Has aflammablerange at14.7 psia(101 kPa) withair of at least12 percent,regardless ofthe lower limit.The limitsspecified shallbe determinedat 14.7 psi(101 kPa) ofpressure and atemperature of68°F (20°C) inaccordance withASTM E681.

mixture of13% percent orless by volume inair; or

(b) have aflammable rangewith air of atleast12 percentagepoints regardlessof the lowerflammable limit.

Category 2:Gases, otherthan those ofCategory 1,which, at 20°C(68°F) and astandardpressure of101.3 kPa(14.7 psi), have aflammable rangewhile mixed inair.

Liquefied 55

A liquefiedcompressedgas that, whenunder achargedpressure, ispartially liquidat atemperature of20°C (68°F)and isflammable.

A liquefiedcompressed gaswhich, under achargedpressure, ispartially liquid ata temperature of68°F (20°C) andwhich isflammable.

Gases underpressure aregases which arecontained in areceptacle at apressure of200 kPa (gauge)or more at 20°C,or which areliquefied orliquefied andrefrigerated.

Liquefied gas: Agas which whenunder pressure ispartially liquid attemperaturesabove –50°C(–58°F). Adistinction ismade between:

(a) High pressureliquefied gas: agas with a criticaltemperaturebetween –50°C(–58°F) and+65°C (149°F);and

(b) Low pressureliquefied gas: agas with a critical


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


temperatureabove +65°C(149°F). Thecriticaltemperature isthe temperatureabove which apure gas cannotbe liquefied,regardless of thedegree ofcompression.

LiquefiedPetroleum petroleum

(LP)

58


A material whichis composedpredominantly ofthe followinghydrocarbons ormixtures ofthem: propane,propylene,butane (normalbutane orisobutane) andbutylenes.

FlammableLiquids liquids

I-A 30

Any liquid thathas a flashpoint below73°F (22.8°C)and a boilingpoint below100°F(37.8°C).

Liquids having aflash pointbelow 73°F(23°C) andhaving a boilingpoint below100°F (38°C).

Flammableliquid means aliquid having aflash point of notmore than 93°C(199.4°F).

Category 1:Flash point<23°C (73.4°F)and initial boilingpoint ≤35°C(95°F).

I-B 30 Any liquid thathas a flashpoint below73°F (22.8°C)and a boilingpoint at orabove 100°F(37.8°C).

Liquids having aflash pointbelow 73°F(23°C) andhaving a boilingpoint at orabove 100°F(38°C).

Flammableliquid Category2: Flash point<23°C (73.4°F)and initial boilingpoint >35°C(95°F).

I-C 30 Any liquid thathas a flashpoint at orabove 73°F(22.8°C) butbelow 100°F(37.8°C).

Liquids having aflash point at orabove 73°F(23°C) andbelow 100°F(38°C).

Flammableliquid Category3: Flash point≥23°C (73.4°F)and ≤60°C(140°F).

Flammable solid 400 A solidsubstance,other than asubstancedefined as a

A solid, otherthan a blastingagent orexplosive, that iscapable of

Flammablesolid means asolid which is areadilycombustible


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


blasting agentor explosive,that is liable tocause fireresulting fromfriction orretained heatfrommanufacture,that has anignitiontemperaturebelow 212°F(100°C), or thatburns sovigorously orpersistentlywhen ignitedthat it creates aserious hazard.

causing firethrough friction,absorption ofmoisture,spontaneouschemicalchange orretained heatfrommanufacturingor processing,or which has anignitiontemperaturebelow 212°F(100°C) orwhich burns sovigorously andpersistentlywhen ignited asto create aserious hazard.A chemical shallbe considered aflammable solidas determined inaccordance withthe test methodof CPSC16 CFRPart 1500.44, ifit ignites andburns with aself-sustainedflame at a rategreater than 0.1inch (2.5 mm)per secondalong its majoraxis.

solid, or whichmay cause orcontribute to firethrough friction.

Readilycombustiblesolids arepowdered,granular, or pastychemicals whichare dangerous ifthey can beeasily ignited bybrief contact withan ignitionsource, such asa burning match,and if the flamespreads rapidly.

Category 1:Burning rate test:

Chemicals otherthan metalpowders:

(a) Wetted zonedoes not stopfire; and

(b) Burning time<45 s or burningrate >2.2 mm/s

Metal powders:burning time≤5 min

Category 2:Burning rate test:

Chemicals otherthan metalpowders:

(a) Wetted zonestops the fire forat least 4 min;and

(b) Burning time<45 s or burningrate >2.2 mm/s

Metal powders:burning time>5 min and≤10 min

Test Method forburning rate isprovided in theUN TDG Manualof Tests andCriteria.


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


Inert Gas gas Gaseous 55

A nonreactive,nonflammable,noncorrosivegas such asargon, helium,krypton, neon,nitrogen, andxenon.

A gas that iscapable ofreacting withother materialsonly underabnormalconditions suchas hightemperatures,pressures andsimilar extrinsicphysical forces.Within thecontext of thecode, inertgases do notexhibit eitherphysical orhealth hazardproperties asdefined (otherthan acting as asimpleasphyxiant) orhazardproperties otherthan those of acompressedgas. Some ofthe morecommon inertgases includeargon, helium,krypton, neon,nitrogen andxenon.

Simpleasphyxiantmeans asubstance ormixture thatdisplaces oxygenin the ambientatmosphere, andcan thus causeoxygendeprivation inthose who areexposed, leadingtounconsciousnessand death. (InHCS 2012, not inGHS)

Liquefied 55

A nonreactive,nonflammable,noncorrosivegas such asargon, helium,krypton, neon,nitrogen, andxenon.

A gas that iscapable ofreacting withother materialsonly underabnormalconditions suchas hightemperatures,pressures andsimilar extrinsicphysical forces.Within thecontext of thecode, inertgases do notexhibit eitherphysical orhealth hazardproperties asdefined (otherthan acting as a

Simpleasphyxiantmeans asubstance ormixture thatdisplaces oxygenin the ambientatmosphere, andcan thus causeoxygendeprivation inthose who areexposed, leadingtounconsciousnessand death. (InHCS 2012, not inGHS)


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


simpleasphyxiant) orhazardproperties otherthan those of acompressedgas. Some ofthe morecommon inertgases includeargon, helium,krypton, neon,nitrogen andxenon.

Organic peroxide UD 400

Notspecificallydefined (seedefinitions ofclasses oforganicperoxidesbelow).

Unclassifieddetonable:Organicperoxides thatare capable ofdetonation.These peroxidespose anextremelyhigh-explosionhazard throughrapid explosivedecomposition.

Organicperoxide meansa liquid or solidorganic chemicalwhich containsthe bivalent-O-O- structureand as such isconsidered aderivative ofhydrogenperoxide, whereone or both ofthe hydrogenatoms have beenreplaced byorganic radicals.The term organicperoxideincludes organicperoxidemixturescontaining atleast one organicperoxide.Organicperoxides arethermallyunstablechemicals, whichmay undergoexothermicself-acceleratingdecomposition.In addition, theymay have one ormore of thefollowingproperties:

(a) Be liable toexplosivedecomposition;

(b) Burn rapidly;


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


(c) Be sensitiveto impact orfriction;

(d) Reactdangerously withother substances

Organicperoxide TYPEA: Any organicperoxide which,as packaged,can detonate ordeflagraterapidly.

Organicperoxide TYPEB: Any organicperoxidepossessingexplosiveproperties andwhich, aspackaged,neither detonatesnor deflagratesrapidly, but isliable to undergoa thermalexplosion in thatpackage.

I 400

Class I shalldescribe thoseformulationsthat are moresevere than aClass II but donot detonate.

Describes thoseformulations thatare capable ofdeflagration butnot detonation.

Organicperoxide TYPEC: Any organicperoxidepossessingexplosiveproperties whenthe chemical aspackaged cannotdetonate ordeflagrate rapidlyor undergo athermalexplosion.

II 400

Class II shalldescribe thoseformulationsthat burn veryrapidly and thatpresent aseverereactivityhazard.

Describes thoseformulations thatburn very rapidlyand that pose amoderatereactivityhazard.

Organicperoxide TYPED: Any organicperoxide which inlaboratory testingmeets thefollowing criteria:

(i) Detonatespartially, does notdeflagrate rapidlyand shows noviolent effectwhen heated


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


underconfinement; or

(ii) Does notdetonate at all,deflagratesslowly andshows no violenteffect whenheated underconfinement; or

(iii) Does notdetonate ordeflagrate at alland shows amedium effectwhen heatedunderconfinement.

III 400

Class III shalldescribe thoseformulationsthat burnrapidly and thatpresent amoderatereactivityhazard.

Describes thoseformulations thatburn rapidly andthat pose amoderatereactivityhazard.

Organicperoxide TYPEE: Any organicperoxide which,in laboratorytesting, neitherdetonates nordeflagrates at alland shows low orno effect whenheated underconfinement.

IV 400

Class IV shalldescribe thoseformulationsthat burn in thesame manneras ordinarycombustiblesand thatpresent aminimalreactivityhazard.

Describes thoseformulations thatburn in thesame manneras ordinarycombustiblesand that pose aminimalreactivityhazard.

Organicperoxide TYPEF: Any organicperoxide which,in laboratorytesting, neitherdetonates in thecavitated statenor deflagratesat all and showsonly a low or noeffect whenheated underconfinement aswell as low or noexplosive power.

V 400 Class V shalldescribe thoseformulationsthat burn withless intensitythan ordinarycombustiblesor do notsustaincombustionand that

Describes thoseformulations thatburn with lessintensity thanordinarycombustibles ordo not sustaincombustion andthat pose noreactivityhazard.

Organicperoxide TYPEG: Any organicperoxide which,in laboratorytesting, neitherdetonates in thecavitated statenor deflagratesat all and showsno effect when


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


present noreactivityhazard.

heated underconfinement norany explosivepower, providedthat it is thermallystable ( [ self-acceleratingdecompositiontemperature is60°C (140°F) orhigher for a50 kg (110 lb)package) ] , and,for liquidmixtures, adiluent having aboiling point ofnot less than150°C (302°F) isused fordesensitization. Ifthe organicperoxide is notthermally stableor a diluenthaving a boilingpoint less than150°C (302°F) isused fordesensitization, itshall be definedas organicperoxide TYPEF.

Oxidizer 4 400

An oxidizerthat canundergo anexplosivereaction due tocontaminationor exposure tothermal orphysical shockand thatcauses asevereincrease in theburning rate ofcombustiblematerials withwhich it comesinto contact.

An oxidizer thatcan undergo anexplosivereaction due tocontamination orexposure tothermal orphysical shockand that causesa severeincrease in theburning rate ofcombustiblematerials withwhich it comesinto contact.Additionally, theoxidizer causesa severeincrease in theburning rate andcan causespontaneousignition of

Oxidizing solidmeans a solidwhich, while initself is notnecessarilycombustible,may, generally byyielding oxygen,cause, orcontribute to, thecombustion ofother material.Oxidizing liquidmeans a liquidwhich, while initself notnecessarilycombustible,may, generally byyielding oxygen,cause, orcontribute to, thecombustion ofother material.


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400Definition

2012 IFCDefinition


combustibles.

Oxidizing liquidCategory 1: Anychemical which,in the1:1 mixture, bymass, ofchemical andcellulose tested,spontaneouslyignites; or themean pressurerise time of a1:1 mixture, bymass, ofchemical andcellulose is lessthan that of a1:1 mixture, bymass, of50% percentperchloric acidand cellulose.

Oxidizing solidCategory 1: Anychemical which,in the 4:1 or 1:1sample-to-cellulose ratio(by mass) tested,exhibits a meanburning time lessthan the meanburning time of a3:2 mixture, bymass, ofpotassiumbromate andcellulose.

3 400

An oxidizerthat causes asevereincrease in theburning rate ofcombustiblematerials withwhich it comesinto contact ora solid oxidizerclassified asClass 3 whentested inaccordancewith the testprotocol setforth inSection G.1.

An oxidizer thatcauses a severeincrease in theburning rate ofcombustiblematerials withwhich it comesin contact.

Oxidizing liquidCategory 2: Anychemical which,in the1:1 mixture, bymass, ofchemical andcellulose tested,exhibits a meanpressure risetime less than orequal to themean pressurerise time of a1:1 mixture, bymass, of40% percentaqueous sodiumchlorate solutionand cellulose;


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and the criteriafor Category 1are not met.

Oxidizing solidCategory 2: Anychemical which,in the 4:1 or 1:1sample-to-cellulose ratio(by mass) tested,exhibits a meanburning timeequal to or lessthan the meanburning time of a2:3 mixture (bymass) ofpotassiumbromate andcellulose and thecriteria forCategory 1 arenot met.

2 400

An oxidizerthat causes amoderateincrease in theburning rate ofcombustiblematerials withwhich it comesinto contact ora solid oxidizerclassified asClass 2 whentested inaccordancewith the testprotocol setforth inSection G.1.

An oxidizer thatwill cause amoderateincrease in theburning rate ofcombustiblematerials withwhich it comesin contact.

Oxidizing solidmeans a solidwhich, while initself is notnecessarilycombustible,may, generally byyielding oxygen,cause, orcontribute to, thecombustion ofother material.Oxidizing liquidmeans a liquidwhich, while initself notnecessarilycombustible,may, generally byyielding oxygen,cause, orcontribute to, thecombustion ofother material.

Oxidizing liquidCategory 3: Anychemical which,in the1:1 mixture, bymass, ofchemical andcellulose tested,exhibits a meanpressure risetime less than or


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equal to themean pressurerise time of a1:1 mixture, bymass, of65% percentaqueous nitricacid andcellulose; andthe criteria forCategories 1 and2 are not met.

Oxidizing solidCategory 3: Anychemical which,in the 4:1 or 1:1sample-to-cellulose ratio(by mass) tested,exhibits a meanburning timeequal to or lessthan the meanburning time of a3:7 mixture (bymass) ofpotassiumbromate andcellulose and thecriteria forCategories 1 and2 are not met.

1 400 An oxidizerthat does notmoderatelyincrease theburning rate ofcombustiblematerials withwhich it comesinto contact ora solid oxidizerclassified asClass 1 whentested inaccordancewith the testprotocol setforth inSection G.1.

An oxidizer thatdoes notmoderatelyincrease theburning rate ofcombustiblematerials.

Oxidizing gas Gaseous 55A gas that cansupport andacceleratecombustion ofothermaterials.

Oxidizing gasmeans any gaswhich may,generally byprovidingoxygen, cause orcontribute to the


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combustion ofother materialmore than airdoes.

Liquefied 55

A gas that cansupport andacceleratecombustion ofothermaterials.

Oxidizing gasmeans any gaswhich may,generally byprovidingoxygen, cause orcontribute to thecombustion ofother materialmore than airdoes.

Pyrophoric 400

A chemicalwith anautoignitiontemperature inair at or below130°F(54.4°C).

A chemical withan autoignitiontemperature inair, at or below atemperature of130°F (54°C).

Pyrophoricliquid means aliquid which,even in smallquantities, isliable to ignitewithin 5 min aftercoming intocontact with air;

Category 1: Theliquid igniteswithin 5 minwhen added toan inert carrierand exposed toair, or it ignites orchars a filterpaper on contactwith air within5 min.

Pyrophoricsolid means asolid which, evenin smallquantities, isliable to ignitewithin 5 min aftercoming intocontact with air:

Category 1: Thesolid igniteswithin 5 min ofcoming intocontact with air.

PyrophoricGas gas

Gaseous 55A gas with anautoignitiontemperature inair at or below54.4°C(130°F).

Pyrophoric gasmeans achemical in agaseous statethat will ignitespontaneously inair at atemperature of


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130ºF (54.4ºC)or below. (InHCS 2012, notGHS)

Liquefied 55

A gas with anautoignitiontemperature inair at or below54.4°C(130°F).

Pyrophoric gasmeans achemical in agaseous statethat will ignitespontaneously inair at atemperature of130ºF (54.4ºC)or below. (InHCS 2012, notGHS)

Unstable (reactive)Gas gas

4 55

Materials thatin themselvesare readilycapable ofdetonation orexplosivedecompositionor explosivereaction atnormaltemperaturesand pressures.

A chemicallyunstable gas isa flammable gasthat is able toreact explosivelyeven in theabsence of air oroxygen. (In GHS,Rev.4; not HCS2012)

Category A:Flammablegases which arechemicallyunstable at 20°Cand a standardpressure of101.3 kPa.

Category B:Flammablegases which arechemicallyunstable at atemperaturegreater than20°C and/or apressure greaterthan 101.3 kPa.

3 55 Materials thatin themselvesare capable ofdetonation orexplosivedecompositionor explosivereaction, butthat require astrong initiatingsource or thatmust beheated under


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confinementbeforeinitiation.

2 55 Materials thatreadilyundergo violentchemicalchange atelevatedtemperaturesand pressures.

1 55 A gas that, inthe pure stateor ascommerciallyproduced, willvigorouslypolymerize,decompose, orcondense,becomeself-reactive, orotherwiseundergo aviolentchemicalchange underconditions ofshock,pressure, ortemperature.

UnstableReactive (reactive)

4 400

Materials arethose that, inthemselves,are readilycapable ofdetonation,explosivedecomposition,or explosivereaction atnormaltemperaturesand pressuresand include,among others,materials thatare sensitive tolocalizedthermal ormechanicalshock atnormaltemperaturesand pressures.

Materials that inthemselves arereadily capableof detonation orexplosivedecompositionor explosivereaction atnormaltemperaturesand pressures.This classincludesmaterials thatare sensitive tomechanical orlocalizedthermal shock atnormaltemperaturesand pressures.

Self-reactivechemicals arethermallyunstable liquid orsolid chemicalsliable to undergoa stronglyexothermicdecompositioneven withoutparticipation ofoxygen (air). Thisdefinitionexcludeschemicalsclassified underthis section asexplosives,organicperoxides,oxidizing liquidsor oxidizingsolids.

A self-reactivechemical isregarded as


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possessingexplosiveproperties whenin laboratorytesting theformulation isliable todetonate, todeflagrate rapidlyor to show aviolent effectwhen heatedunderconfinement.

Self-reactivechemical TYPEA: Anyself-reactivechemical whichcan detonate ordeflagraterapidly, aspackaged.

Self-reactivechemical TYPEB: Anyself-reactivechemicalpossessingexplosiveproperties andwhich, aspackaged,neither detonatesnor deflagratesrapidly, but isliable to undergoa thermalexplosion in thatpackage.

3 400 Materials arethose that, inthemselves,are capable ofdetonation,explosivedecomposition,or explosivereaction, butthat require astrong initiatingsource or thatmust beheated underconfinementbeforeinitiation, andinclude, among

Materials that inthemselves arecapable ofdetonation or ofexplosivedecompositionor explosivereaction butwhich require astrong initiatingsource or whichmust be heatedunderconfinementbefore initiation.This classincludesmaterials that

Self-reactivechemicals arethermallyunstable liquid orsolid chemicalsliable to undergoa stronglyexothermicdecompositioneven withoutparticipation ofoxygen (air). Thisdefinitionexcludeschemicalsclassified underthis section asexplosives,


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others,materials thatare sensitive tothermal ormechanicalshock atelevatedtemperaturesand pressures.

are sensitive tothermal ormechanicalshock atelevatedtemperaturesand pressures.

organicperoxides,oxidizing liquidsor oxidizingsolids.

A self-reactivechemical isregarded aspossessingexplosiveproperties whenin laboratorytesting theformulation isliable todetonate, todeflagrate rapidlyor to show aviolent effectwhen heatedunderconfinement.

Self-reactivechemical TYPEC: Anyself-reactivechemicalpossessingexplosiveproperties whenthe chemical aspackaged cannotdetonate ordeflagrate rapidlyor undergo athermalexplosion.

Self-reactivechemical TYPED: Anyself-reactivechemical whichin laboratorytesting meets thefollowing criteria:

(i) Detonatespartially, does notdeflagrate rapidlyand shows noviolent effectwhen heatedunderconfinement; or

(ii) Does notdetonate at all,deflagratesslowly and


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shows no violenteffect whenheated underconfinement; or

(iii) Does notdetonate ordeflagrate at alland shows amedium effectwhen heatedunderconfinement

2 400

Materials arethose thatreadilyundergo violentchemicalchange atelevatedtemperaturesand pressuresand include,among others,materials thatexhibit anexotherm attemperaturesless than orequal to 30°F(−1°C) whentested bydifferentialscanningcalorimetry.

Materials that inthemselves arenormallyunstable andreadily undergoviolent chemicalchange but donot detonate.This classincludesmaterials thatcan undergochemicalchange withrapid release ofenergy atnormaltemperaturesand pressures,and that canundergo violentchemicalchange atelevatedtemperaturesand pressures.


A self-reactivechemical isregarded aspossessingexplosiveproperties whenin laboratorytesting theformulation isliable todetonate, todeflagrate rapidlyor to show aviolent effectwhen heatedunderconfinement.

Self-reactivechemical TYPEE: Anyself-reactivechemical which,


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in laboratorytesting, neitherdetonates nordeflagrates at alland shows low orno effect whenheated underconfinement.

Self-reactivechemical TYPEF: Anyself-reactivechemical which,in laboratorytesting, neitherdetonates in thecavitated statenor deflagratesat all and showsonly a low or noeffect whenheated underconfinement aswell as low or noexplosive power.

1 400

Materials arethose that, inthemselves,are normallystable, but thatcan becomeunstable atelevatedtemperaturesand pressuresand includeamong others,materials thatchange ordecompose onexposure to air,light, ormoisture andthat exhibit anexotherm attemperaturesgreater than30°F (−1°C),but less than orequal to 57°F(14°C), whentested bydifferentialscanningcalorimetry.

Materials that inthemselves arenormally stablebut which canbecomeunstable atelevatedtemperaturesand pressure.


A self-reactivechemical isregarded aspossessingexplosiveproperties whenin laboratorytesting theformulation isliable to


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detonate, todeflagrate rapidlyor to show aviolent effectwhen heatedunderconfinement.

Self-reactivechemical TYPEG: Anyself-reactivechemical which,in laboratorytesting, neitherdetonates in thecavitated statenor deflagratesat all and showsno effect whenheated underconfinement norany explosivepower, providedthat it is thermallystable ( [ self-acceleratingdecompositiontemperature is60°C (140°F) to75°C (167°F) fora 50 kg (110 lb)package) ] , and,for liquidmixtures, adiluent having aboiling pointgreater than orequal to 150°C(302°F) is usedfordesensitization. Ifthe mixture is notthermally stableor a diluenthaving a boilingpoint less than150°C (302°F) isused fordesensitization,the mixture shallbe defined asself-reactivechemical TYPEF.

Water-reactive 3 400 Materialswhose heat ofmixing isgreater or

Materials thatreact explosivelywith waterwithout requiring

Chemicalswhich, incontact withwater, emit


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equal to 600cal/g.

heat orconfinement.

flammablegases are solidor liquidchemicals which,by interactionwith water, areliable to becomespontaneouslyflammable or togive offflammable gasesin dangerousquantities.

Category 1: Anychemical whichreacts vigorouslywith water atambienttemperaturesanddemonstratesgenerally atendency for thegas produced toignitespontaneously,or which reactsreadily with waterat ambienttemperaturessuch that the rateof evolution offlammable gas isequal to orgreater than 10liters perkilogram ofchemical overany 1 minute.

2 400

Materialswhose heat ofmixing is at orabove 100 cal/g and lessthan 600 cal/g.

Materials thatreact violentlywith water orhave the abilityto boil water.Materials thatproduceflammable, toxicor otherhazardousgases, or evolveenough heat tocauseautoignition orignition ofcombustiblesupon exposureto water ormoisture.

Chemicalswhich, incontact withwater, emitflammablegases Category2: Any chemicalwhich reactsreadily with waterat ambienttemperaturessuch that themaximum rate ofevolution offlammable gas isequal to orgreater than 20liters perkilogram of


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chemical perhour, and whichdoes not meetthe criteria forCategory 1.

1 400

Materialswhose heat ofmixing is at orabove 30 cal/gand less than100 cal/g.

Materials thatreact with waterwith somerelease ofenergy, but notviolently.

Chemicalswhich, incontact withwater, emitflammablegases Category3: Any chemicalwhich reactsslowly with waterat ambienttemperaturessuch that themaximum rate ofevolution offlammable gas isequal to orgreater than 1liter per kilogramof chemical perhour, and whichdoes not meetthe criteria forCategories 1 and2.

Corrosive 400

A chemical thatcauses visibledestruction of,or irreversiblealterations in,living tissue bychemicalaction at thesite of contact.

A chemical thatcauses visibledestruction of,or irreversiblealterations in,living tissue bychemical actionat the point ofcontact. Achemical shallbe consideredcorrosive if,when tested onthe intact skin ofalbino rabbits bythe methoddescribed inDOT 49 CFR173.137, suchchemicaldestroys orchangesirreversibly thestructure of thetissue at thepoint of contactfollowing anexposure periodof 4 hours. This

Skin corrosionis the productionof irreversibledamage to theskin; namely,visible necrosisthrough theepidermis andinto the dermis,following theapplication of atest substancefor up to 4 hours.Corrosivereactions aretypified by ulcers,bleeding, bloodyscabs, and, bythe end ofobservation at 14days, bydiscoloration dueto blanching ofthe skin,complete areasof alopecia, andscars.Histopathologyshould be


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term does notrefer to actionon inanimatesurfaces.

considered toevaluatequestionablelesions.

Corrosive Gas Gaseous 55

A gas thatcauses visibledestruction ofor irreversiblealterations inliving tissue bychemicalaction at thesite of contact.

Skin corrosionis the productionof irreversibledamage to theskin; namely,visible necrosisthrough theepidermis andinto the dermis,following theapplication of atest substancefor up to 4 hours.Corrosivereactions aretypified by ulcers,bleeding, bloodyscabs, and, bythe end ofobservation at 14days, bydiscoloration dueto blanching ofthe skin,complete areasof alopecia, andscars.Histopathologyshould beconsidered toevaluatequestionablelesions.

Liquefied 55

A gas thatcauses visibledestruction ofor irreversiblealterations inliving tissue bychemicalaction at thesite of contact.

Skin corrosionis the productionof irreversibledamage to theskin; namely,visible necrosisthrough theepidermis andinto the dermis,following theapplication of atest substancefor up to 4 hours.Corrosivereactions aretypified by ulcers,bleeding, bloodyscabs, and, bythe end ofobservation at 14days, by


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discoloration dueto blanching ofthe skin,complete areasof alopecia, andscars.Histopathologyshould beconsidered toevaluatequestionablelesions.

Highly toxic 400 A material thatproduces alethal dose orlethalconcentrationthat falls withinany of thefollowingcategories: (1)a chemical thathas a medianlethal dose(LD50) of50 mg/kg orless of bodyweight whenadministeredorally to albinorats weighingbetween 200 gand 300 geach; (2) achemical thathas a medianlethal dose(LD50) of200 mg/kg orless of bodyweight whenadministeredby continuouscontact for24 hours, orless if deathoccurs within24 hours, withthe bare skin ofalbino rabbitsweighingbetween 2 kgand 3 kg eachor albino ratsweighing 200 gand 300 geach; (3) achemical that

A material whichproduces alethal dose orlethalconcentrationwhich fallswithin any of thefollowingcategories:

1. A chemicalthat has amedian lethaldose (LD50) of50 milligrams orless perkilogram of bodyweight whenadministeredorally to albinorats weighingbetween 200and 300 gramseach.

2. A chemicalthat has amedian lethaldose (LD50) of200 milligramsor less perkilogram of bodyweight whenadministered bycontinuouscontact for24 hours (orless if deathoccurs within24 hours) withthe bare skin ofalbino rabbitsweighingbetween 2 and 3kilograms each.

3. A chemicalthat has a

Acute toxicityrefers to thoseadverse effectsoccurringfollowing oral ordermaladministration ofa single dose ofa substance, ormultiple dosesgiven within24 hours, or aninhalationexposure of4 hours.

Oral Category 1:LD50 ≤5 mg/kg;

Oral Category 2:LD50 >5 and≤50;

DermalCategory 1:LD50 ≤50;

DermalCategory 2:LD50 >50 and≤200.


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has a medianlethalconcentration(LC50) in air of200 parts permillion byvolume or lessof gas orvapor, or2 mg/L or lessof mist, fume,or dust, whenadministeredby continuousinhalation for1 hour, or lessif death occurswithin 1 hour,to albino ratsweighingbetween 200 gand 300 geach.

median lethalconcentration(LC50) in air of200 parts permillion byvolume or lessof gas or vapor,or 2 milligramsper liter or lessof mist, fume ordust, whenadministered bycontinuousinhalation forone hour (orless if deathoccurs within1 hour) to albinorats weighingbetween 200and 300 gramseach.

Highly toxic gas Gaseous 55

A chemical thathas a medianlethalconcentration(LC50) in air of200 ppm byvolume or lessof gas orvapor, or2 mg/L or lessof mist, fume,or dust, whenadministeredby continuousinhalation for1 hour (or lessif death occurswithin 1 hour)to albino ratsweighingbetween 200 gand 300 g(0.44 lb and0.66 lb) each.


Inhalation -Gases Category1: LD50 ≤100;

Inhalation -Gases Category2: LD50 >100and ≤500;

Inhalation -VaporsCategory 1:LD50 ≤0.5;

Inhalation -VaporsCategory 2:LD50 >0.5 and≤2.0;

Inhalation -Dusts and MistsCategory 1:


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LD50 ≤0.05;

Inhalation -Dusts and MistsCategory 2:LD50 >0.05 and≤0.5;

Inhalation -Dusts and MistsCategory 3:LD50 >0.5 and≤1.0.

Liquefied 55

A chemical thathas a medianlethalconcentration(LC50) in air of200 ppm byvolume or lessof gas orvapor, or2 mg/L or lessof mist, fume,or dust, whenadministeredby continuousinhalation for1 hour (or lessif death occurswithin 1 hour)to albino ratsweighingbetween 200 gand 300 g(0.44 lb and0.66 lb) each.


Inhalation -Gases Category1: LD50 ≤100;


Inhalation -VaporsCategory 1:LD50 ≤0.5;


Inhalation -Dusts and MistsCategory 1:LD50 ≤0.05;

Inhalation -Dusts and MistsCategory 2:LD50 >0.05 and≤0.5;



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Toxic 400 A material thatproduces alethal dose or alethalconcentrationwithin any ofthe followingcategories: (1)a chemical orsubstance thathas a medianlethal dose(LD50) of morethan 50 mg/kgbut not morethan500 mg/kg ofbody weightwhenadministeredorally to albinorats weighingbetween 200 gand 300 geach; (2) achemical orsubstance thathas a medianlethal dose(LD50) of morethan200 mg/kg butnot more than1000 mg/kg ofbody weightwhenadministeredby continuouscontact for24 hours, orless if deathoccurs within24 hours, withthe bare skin ofalbino rabbitsweighingbetween 2 kgand 3 kg each;(3) a chemicalor substancethat has amedian lethalconcentration(LC50) in air ofmore than 200parts permillion but notmore than

A chemicalfalling within anyof the followingcategories: 1. Achemical thathas a medianlethal dose(LD50) of morethan50 milligramsper kilogram,but not morethan500 milligramsper kilogram ofbody weightwhenadministeredorally to albinorats weighingbetween 200and 300 gramseach. 2. Achemical thathas a medianlethal dose(LD50) of morethan200 milligramsper kilogram butnot more than1,000 milligramsper kilogram ofbody weightwhenadministered bycontinuouscontact for24 hours (orless if deathoccurs within24 hours) withthe bare skin ofalbino rabbitsweighingbetween 2 and 3kilograms each.3. A chemicalthat has amedian lethalconcentration(LC50) in air ofmore than 200parts per millionbut not morethan 2,000 partsper million byvolume of gas or





DermalCategory 2:LD50 >50 and≤200;







Inhalation -VaporsCategory 4:


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2000 parts permillion byvolume of gasor vapor, ormore than2 mg/L but notmore than20 mg/L, ofmist, fume, ordust whenadministeredby continuousinhalation for1 hour, or lessif death occurswithin 1 hour,to albino ratsweighingbetween 200 gand 300 geach.

vapor, or morethan2 milligrams perliter but notmore than20 milligramsper liter of mist,fume or dust,whenadministered bycontinuousinhalation for1 hour (or less ifdeath occurswithin 1 hour) toalbino ratsweighingbetween 200and 300 gramseach.

LD50 >10.0 and≤20.0;



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Toxic gas Gaseous 55

A gas with amedian lethalconcentration(LC50) in air ofmore than 200ppm, but notmore than2000 ppm byvolume of gasor vapor, ormore than2 mg/L, but notmore than20 mg/L ofmist, fume, ordust, whenadministeredby continuousinhalation for1 hour (or lessif death occurswithin 1 hour)to albino ratsweighingbetween 200 gand 300 g(0.44 lb and0.66 lb) each.











Liquefied 55 A gas with amedian lethalconcentration(LC50) in air ofmore than 200


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ppm, but notmore than2000 ppm byvolume of gasor vapor, ormore than2 mg/L, but notmore than20 mg/L ofmist, fume, ordust, whenadministeredby continuousinhalation for1 hour (or lessif death occurswithin 1 hour)to albino ratsweighingbetween 200 gand 300 g(0.44 lb and0.66 lb) each.


Gas means asubstance which

(i) at 50°C has avapor pressuregreater than300 kPa(absolute); or

(ii) is completelygaseous at 20°Cat a standardpressure of101.3 kPa. (InGHS, not HCS2012)


Liquid means asubstance ormixture which at50°C has avapour pressureof not more than300 kPa (3 bar),which is notcompletelygaseous at 20°Cand at astandardpressure of101.3 kPa, andwhich has amelting point orinitial meltingpoint of 20°C orless at a


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standardpressure of101.3 kPa. Aviscoussubstance ormixture for whicha specific meltingpoint cannot bedetermined shallbe subjected tothe ASTMD4359-90 test; orto the test fordeterminingfluidity(penetrometertest) prescribedin section 2.3.4of Annex A of theEuropeanAgreementconcerning theInternationalCarriage ofDangerousGoods by Road(ADR). (In GHS,not HCS 2012)


Solid means asubstance ormixture whichdoes not meetthe definitions ofliquid or gas. (InGHS, not HCS2012)


FlammableAerosol meansany non-refillablereceptaclecontaining a gascompressed,liquefied ordissolved underpressure, andfitted with arelease deviceallowing thecontents to beejected asparticles insuspension in agas, or as afoam, paste,powder, liquid orgas.

Aerosol


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Category 1:Contains≥85% percentflammablecomponents andthe chemicalheat ofcombustion is≥30 kJ/g; or

a) For sprayaerosols, in theignition distancetest, ignitionoccurs at adistance ≥75 cm(29.5 in), or

b) For foamaerosols, in theaerosol foamflammability test

(i) The flameheight is ≥20 cm(7.87 in) and theflame duration ≥2s; or

(ii) The flameheight is ≥4 cm(1.57 in) and theflame duration ≥7s

AerosolCategory 2:Contains>1% percentflammablecomponents, orthe heat ofcombustion is≥20 kJ/g; and

a) for sprayaerosols, in theignition distancetest, ignitionoccurs at adistance ≥15 cm(5.9 in), or in theenclosed spaceignition test, the

(i) Timeequivalent is

≤300 s/m3; or

(ii) Deflagrationdensity is

≤300 g/m3

b) For foamaerosols, in the


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aerosol foamflammability test,the flame heightis ≥4 cm and theflame duration is≥2 s and it doesnot meet thecriteria forCategory 1.(Definition fromHCS 2012; GHSRev 4 includesnon-flammableaerosols)


Gases underpressure aregases which arecontained in areceptacle at apressure of200 kPa (29 psi)(gauge) or more,or which areliquefied orliquefied andrefrigerated.

They comprisecompressedgases, liquefiedgases, dissolvedgases andrefrigeratedliquefied gases.


Skin irritation isthe production ofreversibledamage to theskin following theapplication of atest substancefor up to 4 hours.A chemical whichis corrosive tometals means achemical whichby chemicalaction willmateriallydamage, or evendestroy, metals.


A self-heatingchemical is asolid or liquidchemical, otherthan a pyrophoricliquid or solid,which, by


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reaction with airand withoutenergy supply, isliable toself-heat; thischemical differsfrom a pyrophoricliquid or solid inthat it will igniteonly when inlarge amounts(kilograms) andafter long periodsof time (hours ordays).

NOTE:Self-heating of asubstance ormixture is aprocess wherethe gradualreaction of thatsubstance ormixture withoxygen (in air)generates heat.If the rate of heatproductionexceeds the rateof heat loss, thenthe temperatureof the substanceor mixture willrise which, afteran inductiontime, may lead toself-ignition andcombustion.



Annex_J_Revisions_per_PI_85.docx These are the revisions as recommended in PI 85. For staff use




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:


Committee Statement


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CommitteeStatement:

These corrections were assigned by the NFPA 400 Technical Committee to ensure that thetable clearly identifies what definitions are covered [or not covered] by NFPA 400.

ResponseMessage:

Public Input No. 85-NFPA 400-2016 [Chapter J]


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First Revision No. 38-NFPA 400-2016 [ Chapter L ]

Annex L Informational References

L.1 Referenced Publications.

The documents or portions thereof listed in this annex are referenced within the informational sections ofthis code and are not part of the requirements of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2 for otherreasons.


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L.1.1 NFPA Publications.



NFPA 2, Hydrogen Technologies Code, 2016 edition.

NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2016 2019 edition.


NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, 2015 edition.


NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, 2015 2018 edition.



NFPA 59, Utility LP-Gas Plant Code, 2015 2018 edition.


NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems, 2014 edition.

NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, 2015 2018 edition.


NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, 2015 2018 edition.

NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, 2013 2018 edition.

NFPA 472, Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of MassDestruction Incidents, 2013 2018 edition.


NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use,Conversions, Maintenance, and Operations, 2013 2018 edition.

NFPA 601, Standard for Security Services in Fire Loss Prevention, 2015 edition.


NFPA 730, Guide for Premises Security, 2014 2017 edition.

NFPA 731, Standard for the Installation of Electronic Premises Security Systems, 2015 2017 edition.

NFPA 780 , Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems , 2014 edition.

NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, 2015 2018 edition.

NFPA 1620, Standard for Pre-Incident Planning , 2015 edition.


NFPA Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, 2002 edition.

FPRF, Development of an Enhanced Hazard Classification System for Oxidizers , 2006.

FPRF, National Oxidizing Pool Chemicals Storage Fire Test Project , 1998.

SFPE, Engineering Guide to Performance-Based Fire Protection Analysis and Design of Buildings, 2005.

SFPE, Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 2008.

L.1.2 Other Publications.


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L.1.2.1 AIChE Publications.

American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Center for Chemical Process Safety, Three Park Avenue 120Wall Street, FL23 , New York, NY 10016-5991, 10005-4020. www.aiche.org.

Guidelines for Analyzing and Managing the Security Vulnerabilities of Fixed Chemical Sites, Center forChemical Process Safety, June 2003 August 2010 .

Guidelines of Chemical Reactivity Evaluation and Application to Process Design, 1995.

Guidelines for Mechanical Integrity Systems, 2006.

Guidelines for Safe and Reliable Instrumented Protective Systems, 2007.

Guidelines for Safe Process Operation and Maintenance, 1995.

Guidelines for Technical Management of Chemical Process Safety, 1993.

Guidelines for Writing Effective Operating and Maintenance Procedures, 1996.

L.1.2.2 ANSI Publications.

American National Standards Institute, Inc., 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1 , Hazardous Industrial Workplace Chemicals—Material — Hazard Evaluation andSafety DataSheets — Sheet and Precautionary Labeling Preparation, 2004 2010 .

L.1.2.3 APA Publications.

American Pyrotechnics Association, P.O. Box 30438, Bethesda, MD 20824.

APA 87-1, Standard for the Construction and Approval for Transportation of Fireworks, Novelties andTheatrical Pyrotechnics , 2001.

L.1.2.4 API Publications.

American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20005-4070, www.api.org .

API RP 70, Security for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations , 2005.

Security Guidance for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries , April 2005.

API Bulletin, Security Vulnerability Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and PetrochemicalIndustries, October 2004.

API Bulletin, Security Guidance for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries , April 2005.

API Recommended Practice 70, Security for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations .

L.1.2.5 ASME Publications.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 2001 2017 .


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L.1.2.6 ASTM Publications.

ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM D3681, Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of “Fiberglass” (Glass–Fiber–ReinforcedThermosetting-Resin) Pipe in a Deflected Condition , 2012.

ASTM D4359, Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid , 1990,reapproved 2012.

ASTM E136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 Degrees° C, 2012 2016 .

ASTM E176, Standard Terminology of Fire Standards, 2013 2015ae1 .

ASTM E1226, Standard Test Method for Explosibility of Dust Clouds, 2012a.

ASTM E1472, Standard Guide for Documenting Computer Software for Fire Models, 2007 (withdrawn).

ASTM E1515, Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts,2007 2014 .

ASTM E2067, Standard Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests, 2012 2015 .

ASTM E2652, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with a Cone-shapedAirflow Stabilizer, at 750 Degrees ° C, 2012 2016 .

L.1.2.7 CGA Publications.

Compressed Gas Association, 4221 Walney Road, Fifth Floor 14501 George Carter Way, Suite 103 ,Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, www.cganet.com .

CGA G-5.5, Hydrogen Vent Systems , 2014.

CGA P-18, Standard for Bulk Inert Gas Systems at Consumer Sites , 2013.

CGA P-50, Site Security Guidelines Standard , 2007 2014 .

CGA P-51, Transportation Security Guideline Standard for the Compressed Gas Industry, 2007 2014 .

CGA P-52, Security Guidelines for Qualifying Customers Purchasing Compressed Gases, 2007 2014 .

Handbook of Compressed Gases, 2013.

L.1.2.8 FPRF Publications.

Fire Protection Research Foundation, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169.

Buc, Elizabeth, Oxidizer Classification Research Project: Tests and Criteria, Final Report , Fire andMaterials Research Laboratory, November 2, 2009.

Development of an Enhanced Hazard Classification System for Oxidizers , 2006.

National Oxidizing Pool Chemicals Storage Fire Test Project , 1998.

L.1.2.9 IME Publications.

Institute of Makers of Explosives, 1120 19th Street, NW, Suite 310, Washington, DC 20036.

IME SLP 2, “American Table of Distances (ATD),” June 1991 (incorporates changes through October2011).

L.1.2.10 ISO Publications.

International Organization for Standardization, 1, ch. De la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211 ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva 20 , Switzerland.

ISO 6184-1, Explosion Protection Systems — Part 1: Determination of Explosion Indicies Indices ofCombustible Dusts in Air, 1985.

L.1.2.11 OSHA Publications.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20210.

Hazard Communication Standard, 2012.

International Fire Code, 2012.


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L.1.2.12 UL Publications.

Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096.

ANSI/UL 30, Standard for Metal Safety Cans, 1995, Revised revised 2009 2014 .

ANSI/UL 558, Standard for Safety Industrial Trucks, Internal Combustion Engine-Powered, 1996 2012 ,Revised revised 2010 2015 .

ANSI/UL 583, Standard for Safety Electric-Battery-Powered Industrial Trucks, 1996 2012 ,Revised revised 2010 2016 .

ANSI/UL 1313, Standard for Non-Metallic Safety Cans for Petroleum Products, 2003, Revised 2007 2015 .

L.1.2.13 UN Publications.

United Nations Publications, Sales Section, DC2-853, Dept. I004, New York, NY 10017.

Manual of Tests and Criteria , 5th edition, 2010.

ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.4, Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals(GHS) , 4th edition, 2011.

ST/SG/AC.10/40/Add.2, Report of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods andon the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals on its Sixth Session ,December 14, 2012, Geneva, Switzerland. Addendum, Annex II, Amendments to the Fifth RevisedEdition of the Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria(ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.5).

Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations , 14th revised edition,2005.

Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, 16th 19th revised edition,2009 2015 .

Manual of Tests and Criteria , fifth edition, 2010.

L.1.2.14 U.S. Bureau of Mines Publications.

U.S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh Mining and Safety Research Center, 4800 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh,PA 15213.

Report of Investigations 4994, Investigations of the Explosibility of Ammonium Nitrate , 1953.

Report of Investigations 6746, Sympathetic Detonation of Ammonium Nitrate and Ammonium NitrateFuel Oil , 1966.

Report of Investigations 6773, Explosion Hazards of Ammonium Nitrate Under Fire Exposure , 1966.

Report of Investigations 6903, Further Studies on Sympathetic Detonation , 1966.


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L.1.2.15 U.S. Government Publications.


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U.S. Government Publishing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20402 20401-0001 .

Clean Air Act (CAA) , 1970.

Emergency Response Guidebook , U.S. Department of Transportation, 2008.

EPA 550-F-15-001, Chemical Advisory: Safe Storage, Handling, and Management of Solid AmmoniumNitrate Prills , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Occupational Safety and Health Administration,and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, 2015.

High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program List , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

NSS 1740.16, Safety for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems , 1997, cancelled 2005.

Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1500, “Hazardous Substances and Articles: Administrationand Enforcement Regulations.”

Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1500.41, “Method for Testing Primary Irritant Substances .”

Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1500.42, “Test for Eye Irritants .”

Title 18, Code of Federal Regulations United States Code , Part 40, “Importation, Manufacture,Distribution and Storage of Explosive Materials.” .

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.38, “Emergency Action Plans .”

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1910.119 and , “Process Safety Management of HighlyHazardous Chemicals.” 1910.120.

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.120, “Hazardous Waste Operations and EmergencyResponse.”

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.165, “Employee Alarm Systems.” .

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.1000, “Air Contaminants.” .

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.1200, “Hazard Communication.” .

Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 68, “Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions.” .

Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 260–299, “Solid Wastes.” and Parts 355 and 370.3.

Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 355, “Emergency Planning and Notification.”

Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 370.66, “How Are Key Words in this Part Defined?”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 100–199, “Pipeline and Hazardous Materials SafetyAdministration, Department of Transportation.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 171–185, “Hazardous Materials Regulations.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 171.8, “Definitions and Abbreviations.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 172, “Hazardous Materials Table, Special Provisions,Hazardous Materials Communications, Emergency Response Information, Training Requirements, andSecurity Plans.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 172.101, “Purpose and Use of Hazardous Materials Table.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 173, “Shippers — General Requirements for Shipments andPackagings.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 173.137, “Class 8 — Assignment of Packing Group.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 173.56, –173.58. “New Explosives — Definition andProcedures for Classification and Approval.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 173.57, “Acceptance Criteria for New Explosives.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 173.58, “Assignment of Class and Division for NewExplosives.”

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 173.225, “Packaging Requirements and Other Provisions forOrganic Peroxides.” .

NSS 1740.16, Safety for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems , 1997.

TM- 5 13000 (NAVFAC P-397, AFR AFM 88-22), “Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental


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Explosions. , ” November 1990.

U.S. Department of Transportation, Emergency Response Guide Book , 2008.

U.S. Department of Transportation, Hazardous Materials Regulations .

U.S. Department of Transportation, Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, U.S. Department ofTransportation .

U.S. EPA 550-S-13-001, Chemical Advisory: Safe Storage, Handling, and Management of AmmoniumNitrate, 2013.

U.S. EPA High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program List .

U.S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh Mining and Safety Research Center, 4800 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh,PA 15213.

Report of Investigations 4994, Investigations of the Explosibility of Ammonium Nitrate , 1953.

Report of Investigations 6746, Sympathetic Detonation of Ammonium Nitrate and Ammonium NitrateFuel Oil , 1966.

Report of Investigations 6773, Explosion Hazards of Ammonium Nitrate Under Fire Exposure , 1966.

Report of Investigations 6903, Further Studies on Sympathetic Detonation , 1966.


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L.1.2.16 Other Publications.


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Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, Elsevier Science and Technology Books, 7th ed.,2007.

Chlorine Institute CI Pamphlet 155 , The Security Management Plan for the Transportation and On-siteStorage and Use of Chlorine Cylinders, Ton Containers and Cargo Tanks, 2008, The Chlorine Institute,1300 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209, www.chlorineinstitute.org.

Comprehensive Guide to Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, 3rd edition . , Wiley Interscience,Hoboken, NJ, 2007.

“Guidance for the Storage, Handling and Transportation of Solid Mineral Fertilisers,” European FertilizersManufacturers’ Association, 2007. www.fertilizerseurope.com.

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), Guide to Developing an Effective Security Plan forthe Highway Transportation of Hazardous Materials, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration(FMCSA) , United . States . Department of Transportation, 400 7th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20590,www.fmcsa.dot.gov.

Safety and Security Guidelines for the Storage and Transportation of Fertilizer Grade Ammonium Nitrateat Fertilizer Retail Facilities , February 2014, Agricultural Retailers Association (ARA), The FertilizerInstitute, Washington, D.C.

HSE INDG230, “Storing and Handling Ammonium Nitrate,” Health and Safety Executive, 1996.http://www.hse.gov.uk/explosives/ammonium.

Huczek, Jason P. SwRI Project No. 01.13538.01.303, Medium-Scale Burn Testing: Determination ofTotal (Oxygen Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Generation) and Convective (Temperature Rise) HeatRelease Rates of Various Chemical Oxidizers, Final Report , Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio,TX, January 7, 2009.

NAERG, North America Emergency Response Guide (NAERG) , U. S. Department OTof Transportation ,Transport Canada, and Secretariat of Communications and Transportation of Mexico (SCT), 2008.

Nitric Acid and Fertilizer Nitrates,edited by Cornelius Keleti, published by Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1985.

OECD ( Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD ) Integrated HPV Database,OECD, Paris, France.

Organic Peroxide Safety Division Society of the Plastics Industry, www.OPPSD.org.

“ Responsible Care® Process Safety Code of Management System ® and Responsible Care ®

Security Code of Management Practices,” American Chemistry Council, 700 Second Street, NE,Washington, DC 20002, www.americanchemistry.com.

Responsible Distribution Process , National Association of Chemical Distributors, 1560 Wilson Boulevard,Arlington, VA 22209, www.nacd.com.

Oxley, J., J. Smith, E. Rogers, and M. Yu. “Ammonium nitrate: thermal stability and explosivity modifiers.”Thermochimica Acta 384 (2002): 23–45.

“Responsible Care ® Security Code of Management Practices,” American Chemistry Council, 700Second Street, NE, Washington, DC 20002, www.americanchemistry.com.

NACD Responsible Distribution, “Code of Management Practice,” National Association of ChemicalDistributors, 1560 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209, www.nacd.com.

Safety Library Publication No. 27 ( SLP 27) , Security in Manufacturing, Transportation, Storage and Useof Commercial Explosives, January 2005 April 2012 . , Institute of Makers of Explosives, 1120 NineteenthStreet, NW, Suite 310, Washington, DC 20036, www.ime.org.

Scott Specialty Gases, Design and Safety Handbook, 4th ed., Scott Specialty Gases, Pennsylvania,2006.

“Safety and Security Guidelines for Ammonium Nitrate,” December 2013, International Fire ChiefsAssociation (IFCA), Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME), National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association(NSSGA), and International Society of Explosives Engineers (ISEE), 1120 19th Street, NW, Suite 310,Washington, DC 20036.

“ Summary Report, : Workshop on Ammonium Nitrate,” 30 January–1 February 2002, Major AccidentHazard Bureau, European Commission's Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy, p. 5.

The Fertilizer Manual, 1998, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The United Nations Industrial Development


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Organization and the International Fertilizer Development Center.

Trevino, Javier O., A. F. Grand, M. L. Janssens. “Simplified Calibration Procedure for Large Scale OxygenConsumption Calorimeters.” Southwest Research Institute. Document available athttp://www.priestassociates.com/uploads/C_Hood_Calibration_2.pdf.

VD I VDI 3673, Pressure Venting of Dust Explosions, 2012.

L.2 Informational References.

The following documents or portions thereof are listed here as informational resources only. They are nota part of the requirements of this document.

L.2.1 NFPA Publications.


NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2013 2017 edition.

NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, 2013 2016 edition.

NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances, 2013 2019edition.

NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems,2014 2017 edition.

NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen–Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, andAllied Processes, 2013 2018 edition.

NFPA 53, Recommended Practice on Materials, Equipment, and Systems Used in Oxygen-EnrichedAtmospheres, 2011 2016 edition.

NFPA 59A, Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), 2016edition.

NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2014 2017 edition.

NFPA 77, Recommended Practice on Static Electricity, 2014 2019 edition.

NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, 2015 2019 edition.

NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls, 2015 2018 edition.

NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Resistance of Building Construction and Materials, 2006edition (withdrawn) .

NFPA 496, Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, 2013 2017 edition.

NFPA 560, Standard for the Storage, and Handling, and Use of Ethylene Oxide for Sterilization andFumigation, 2007 edition (withdrawn) .

NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing,and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids, 2013 2017 edition.

FPRF, The Transition of the Hazardous Materials Codes and the Emergence of the Threshold QuantitySystem to NFPA 1 UFC , Fluer, Inc., 2008.

L.2.2 Other Publications.

OPPSD/SPI. Organic Peroxide Producers Safety Division, The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., 1667K Street, NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20006-1620, www.OPPSD.org.

The Transition of the Hazardous Materials Codes and the Emergence of the Threshold Quantity Systemto NFPA 1 UFC , 2008, Fire Protection Research Foundation, Quincy, MA.

Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, Canadian Transport Commission, Queen’s Printer,Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0S9 Transport Canada, 330 Sparks Street, Ottowa, ON K1A 0N5, Canada .


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L.3 References for Extracts in Informational Sections.




NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing,and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids, 2013 2017 edition.





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