FINISHING MATERIALS & DETAILING

Fall 2014

Finishing Surfaces

surfaces of the building that we see and

experience with the visual and tactile

characteristics.

Material Selection based on...

•AestheticsThe visual and tactile qualities expected by the designer

•Performance Strenght, durability, flexibility, reflection of light, absorbtion of sound, dimensions available for use, joints with other materials

•SustainabilityEcological parameters of the production process, recycling and re-use possibilities, maintanance cost

•FeasibilityMaterial cost, mounting and installation cost, accordance with the overall budget

Finishing Materials•Wood

•Natural Stones

•Composite & Artificial Stones / Ceramics

•Concrete / Terrazzo

•Metals

•Glass

•Paints & Coatings

•Plastics

•Textiles

•...

Hints for Finishing Joints...

Finishing materials require special attention to be taken at the joints, the lines along which a finishing material/surface connects to another material.

There are building elements and components specificly designed for these purposes, where a third element hides the joint line between the other two.

Hints for Finishing Detailing

The shadow gap is a common detail used to conceal the actual joint line within a recessed void.

In buildings with exposed structural surfaces, structural materials become the finishing materials.

Finishing - Wall Surfaces

Finishing - Wall Surfaces

D.D.Martin House / Frank Lloyd Wright (1904)

A. ROOF CONSTRUCTION: 5x20 cm. wood joists, with wood sheathing above.

B. Steel Beam with a wood blocking

C. Plaster soffit with wood trim

D. Wood cover for radiator

E. Concrete sill & planter

F. Concrete floor slab

G. Interior Brick Wall

H. Exterior Brick Wall

I. Concrete Lintel

Swiss Pavillion / Le Corbusier (1930-1932)

Swiss Pavillion / Le Corbusier (1930-1932)

Finishing surfaces independent from the structural components became possible with the technological developments structural metal and architectural glass industries.

The Curtain Wall

The Curtain WallWith the variety of details and finishing materials, many designers prefer to use curtain walls and cladding for the finished surfaces.

Architectural Glass

Hard, brittle, transparent material composed of earthenelements transformed by fire.

Float Glass most common production technic used today

Commercially Available as panels of maximum 321x600 cm.

Architectural Glass

Glass can be strenghtened by various processes to improve

safety conditions.

Laminated Glass simply sandwiches sheets of glass together with a transparent vinyl interlayer that holds the layers together.

Laminated GlassLaminated glass also provides an opportunity of designing andproducing glass surfaces with a variety of designs and colors, based on the film layer in between.

Laminated GlassDigital images can be printed on the film layer...

Laminated Glass

The transparency of a glass surface can be changed by a single on-off switch.

Tempered GlassAnother type of strenghtened glass for safety conditionsis tempered glass.

Tempered Glass goes through a thermal process where the glass is heated to high temperatures and then rapidly cooled. The result is a glass 6 times stronger than float glass, and its breaking pattern making it appropriate for use in cases with higher breaking risk.

28/04/11 IAED 294

The AMC Theatre - California

Wall Surfaces – Glass & Metal

1=Pre-coated and roll formed aluminum external skin

2=Adhesive file3=Aluminum extrusion

4=Aluminum honeycomb5=Pre-coated aluminum internal skin

Shenzhen Poly Grand Theatre

Shenzhen Poly Grand Theatre – China

Aluminum Panel Cladding

Shenzhen Poly Grand Theatre

Kanyon Shopping Center / Istanbul

Terracotta Modular, lightweigth clay blocks developed for curtain walls and cladding.

Boston Medical (Shapiro Ambulatory Care)

•Onyx•Others (Andesite, Basalt)

•Marble•Limestone &Travertine•Granite

Natural Stones

Natural Stones - Marble•Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks

•Variety of colors and textures

•Easy to cut, carve and work with.

Natural Stones - Granite•Magmatic stones transformed under high pressure

•More grained structure and appearance

•Higher durability than marble and other stones

Natural Stones - Travertine•Kind of limestone deposited in mineral springs, especially geothermal springs.

•Porous stone with fossil residues in structure

•Mostly cream, beige, brown in color

Natural Stones - Onyx•Stone formed of bands of chalcedony in alternating colors

•Translucent & colorful in appearance

•Not homogeneous in color & texture

Mounting & Connection Details

Mounting & Connection Details

Natural Stones

Esenboga International Airport Terminal – E. Çoban / Ankara

Concrete

Mixture of Portland Cement, aggregates and water

Cast-in-place or precast.

Common material used in frame structures when reinforced by steel

Shapeless material whose form, size and texture has to bedesigned

Range of possible form and texture limited only by formwork

Concrete Panels

Concrete Panels

Concrete Panels

Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors

Floor coating material consisting of two components.

Applied on concrete floors

Resin based material – Strong adhesion to applied surfaces.

Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors

Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors

Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors

28/04/11 IAED 294

1.wood panel2.metal substructure3.demountable clips4.wall bracket

Wood

Wood

The tree is the origin of all architectural wood products.

Composed of fibers and cells, which are different for all different types of trees. This fiber structure determines the

technical characteristics of wood.

Wood naturally involves moisture content which causes

it to swell or shrink. Dry wood has increased strenght and

resistance to decay, fungi & insects.

Wood Lumber

A sawn piece of wood, ranked based on standards regarding structural strenght or appearance.

Available dimensions are limited by the size of the tree.

Wood - Structural

Laminated Wood (Glulam)composed of several layers of dimensional timber glued together with moisture-resistant adhesives, creating a large, strong, structural member that can be used as vertical columns or horizontal beams. Glulam can also be produced in curved shapes, offering extensive design flexibility.

Wood – Joints (Solid Wood)

Finger joint Dovetail joint

Wood

Wood has a greater tensile strength relative to steel – two times on a strength-to-weight basis – and has a

greater compressive resistance strength than concrete.

Sports Court – ECDM / Paris

Bike-Foot Bridge of Barberino del Mugello - Stefano Capretti / Firenze

Wood – Industrial Products Veneer – thin layers of sawn wood used to produce large wooden surfaces

Plywood - manufactured from sheets of cross-laminated veneer and bonded under heat and pressure with durable, moisture-resistant adhesives.

Particle board – MDF – manufactured by binding particles or fibers of wood with resin

Laminated Wood Floor

Laminate Floor / Laminate Panels

Wood – Industrial Products Thermowood - ThermoWood ® is produced by heat treating wood to temperatures in excess of 200 degrees Centigrade. During heat treatment, chemical and structural changes occur within the timber which alter and improve some of its basic characteristics. The resulting product is an altogether more durable and stable timber, an ideal material for use in exposed areas such as external wall claddings.

Edificio Operativo Metro Caracas / Hector Gimenez

Wood

Cruise Ship Terminal – Barcelona /Grupo JG

Wood

RESOURCES

Emmitt, S. (2002) Architectural Technology. Oxford: Blackwell Science

Ford, E. (2003) The Details of Modern Architecture. Massachusetts: MIT Press

Bell, V.B & Rand,P.(2006) Materials for Architectural Design. London: Laurence King Publishing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineered_woodhttp://www.finnforest.co.uk/http://www.curatedmag.com/news/2009/04/24/sport-court-by-ecdm/http://www.habitatlegno.com/en/wood-accomplishments/bonatti-bridge/http://www2.dupont.com/SafetyGlass/en_US/design_gallery/facades.htmlhttp://www.linox.com.auhttp://www.happyglasswork.com/tempered-glass.htmlhttp://www.pilkington.comhttp://www.unitedpanelcorp.comhttp://www.alpolic.com

http://www.linox.com.au