Figs. 1–15: Supplementary black and white pictures

Roman and Anglo-Saxon Canterbury Reconstructed

© Canterbury Archaeological Trust Ltd 1995 http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/catpress/learning/resources/randascr/

Figs. 1–15: Supplementary black and white pictures

Fig. 1. The centre of Roman Canterbury c. AD 300.Fig. 2. The centre of Anglo-Saxon Canterbury c. AD 650.Fig. 3. Plan of Canterbury today showing major sites and landmarks.Fig. 4. Plan of the Roman town with major features.Fig. 5. Canterbury just before the Roman Conquest.Fig. 6. Roman Canterbury. Artist’s impression of chaps at the baths.Fig. 7. Roman Canterbury. How a hypocaust worked.Fig. 8. Roman Canterbury. A selection of finds from central Canterbury.*Fig. 9. Roman Canterbury. The Roman town wall at Northgate.Fig. 10. Roman Canterbury. Worth Gate and Quenin Gate.Fig. 11. Roman Canterbury. Riding Gate.Fig. 12. The end of Roman Canterbury. The Family Grave.Fig. 13. Anglo-Saxon Canterbury. A selection of finds from central Canterbury.*Fig. 14. Anglo-Saxon Canterbury. Artist’s reconstruction of a house or workshop.Fig. 15. Viking Canterbury. A rare Viking find from the town.

*These have detailed descriptions below.

Roman and Anglo-Saxon Canterbury Reconstructed 4

© Andy Harmsworth & Canterbury Archaeological Trust Ltd 1995 http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/catpress/learning/resources/randascr/ Fig.

1. T

he c

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c. A

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© Andy Harmsworth & Canterbury Archaeological Trust Ltd 1995 http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/catpress/learning/resources/randascr/

Fig.

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PINS FROMTHE PINMAKER’S

WORKSHOP

FINGER RING

1:2

1:4

1:4

1:2

1:3

1:1

1:1

1:1

1:1

1:1

1:1

POTTERY

MEDICALINSTRUMENT

HAIR ORCLOTHESPIN

PAINTED WALLPLASTER

CARPENTER’SSQUARE

BROOCH

redred

yellow

dusty pink

Fig. 8. Roman Canterbury. A selection of artifacts from beneath the Marlowe shopping arcade and surrounding area.



Fig. 8. Roman Canterbury. A selection of finds from central Canterbury

PotteryThe Romans were masters of mass-produced pottery, both moulded and wheel turned.

• Band of decoration from the rim of a samian bowl made from a mould and imported from southern Gaul. The pattern of the missing fragments (sherds) is drawn in, in broken lines. This can be done by examining more complete examples of the same type. Glossy red colour.

• ‘Poppy-head’ jar made in the north Kent area where there was an extensive potting industry in Roman times. Grey, smooth and very fine to the touch. Wheel made.

• ‘Dog dish’ made in Roman Britain. Used in the kitchen. Well made on a wheel.

Painted wall plasterFragment of painted plaster from a decorated internal wall of a Roman house. The piece shows the dancing feet of a female figure in a swirling dress. Other pieces found show that the top of the wall was decorated with yellow chains and blue flowers.

Carpenter’s squareThis precision tool was used by a joiner or furniture maker to mark out wood before cutting and for testing the accuracy of angles of joints during construction. It was made from sheet bronze and cut to the shape of an isosceles triangle (with a central piece cut out). A straight ‘arm’ projects from one corner, forming on one side a right-angled triangle with the hypotenuse and on the other, an angle of 45 degrees with the base line. There is a perforation at the decorated end so the tool could be hung up when not in use. A base plate allows the square to stand on a flat surface. The incised inscription of G CV VALENO indicates the name of the owner, a Roman citizen. A rare find.

Medical instrumentKnown as a scoop-probe, this physician’s tool had two functions. The long, dished end cleaned out ears and the short rounded end was used when examining various parts of the body. Made from a copper alloy.

BroochBeautiful example of a brooch made from a copper alloy with white metal (possibly silver) inlay in a wave scroll design.



Hair or clothes pinPin carved from jet. In York, archaeologists found the hair of a Roman woman with jet pins holding the style in place.

Pins from a pin maker’s workshopA group of many unfinished and finished bone pins and waste material was found in the area of the Public Baths. They indicate the presence of a workshop. The raw material used was bone from the lower legs of cattle, recycled after butchery by the craftsman. There was a good supply of the material and it could be easily worked. Few tools were needed to make pins, probably only a chisel or axe and whittling knife. A lathe was rarely used. The pin to the left in Fig. 8 is unfinished (the shaft needs more work) while the one to the right is finished.

Finger ringA copper alloy ring with glass setting. On the shoulders of the ring are two stylised dolphins. A rare find.



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ND L

EVEL

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RES

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Fig.

9. R

oman

Can

terb

ury.

The

rem

ains

of t

he R

oman

town

wal

l at S

t Mar

y’s

Chur

ch, N

orth

gate

(ind

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ed b

y a

bold

out

line)

.



METRES0 1 3

ROMAN BLOCKS INORIGINAL PLACE

ROMAN BLOCKS INORIGINAL PLACE

ROMAN BRICKS INORIGINAL PLACE

Worth Gate: Drawn by William Stukeley in the 18th century.

Quenin Gate: Modern drawing by Marion Day. Roman building indicated. The rest is Medieval and Modern work.

Fig. 10. Roman Canterbury.



Riding Gate: Reconstruction drawing by John Bowen based on recent evidence.

Riding Gate: The two Roman arches drawn by William Stukeley in the 18th century.The central archway was built in Medieval times.

Fig. 11. Roman Canterbury.



FATHER

MOTHER

DAUGHTER

DAUGHTER

DOG

BRACELETS

BEADS

CENTIMETRES0 50

Fig. 12. The end of Roman Canterbury. The family grave. Many of the artifacts are on display in Canterbury’s Heritage Museum.



1:4

1:4

1:1

1:1

1:1

1:1

1:1

1:11:1

1:1

1:1

HAND-MADEPOTTERY

BROOCH

HAIR OR CLOTHES PINS

COMB

STRAP OR BELT TAG

DRESS OR PURSE CLASPBEAD DECORATION

WHETSTONE

Fig. 13. Anglo-Saxon Canterbury. A selection of artefacts from beneath the Marlowe Shopping Arcade and surrounding area.



Fig. 13. Anglo-Saxon Canterbury. A selection of finds from central Canterbury.

PotteryHand-made cooking pot or jar with ‘chaff’ tempering. Dark grey. Hand-made jar made with sand-temper and decorated with bands of grooves. Dark grey.

BroochMade in a copper alloy. Note the ‘ring and dot’ decoration again. Pin missing.

Hair or clothes pinsAll 3 were made by casting in a copper alloy. Notice the ‘ring and dot’ design like the comb. Copper alloy objects turn from a bronze colour to a greenish-brown in most conditions over time.

Strap or belt tagThese were quite commonly used. Two sheets of the copper alloy tag were rivetted together to enclose and secure the end of a fabric belt or strap and prevented fraying.

WhetstoneFor sharpening blades (small cooking or cosmetic knives, for example). Carved from metamorphic rock (purple phyllite) with hole for suspending from perhaps a belt or hook.

Clasp or tagBeautiful example of silver working. Probably a dress or purse fastener, decorated with Anglo-Saxon interlacing design and stylised animals. Could be sewn onto garment or purse through 2 perforations at the bottom.

Bead decorationMade of brass wire strung through 1 large blue and 2 small yellow glass beads. Finding such ornaments still in position in inhumation graves shows that they were usually worn at the chest, perhaps sewn onto a tunic or dress.

CombMade from animal bone with iron rivets to secure side plates. The use of recycled animal bone was very common in the past. Decorated with ‘ring and dot’ design.



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Fig.

14.

Ang

lo-S

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Can

terb

ury.

Arti

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orks

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2:1

Fig. 15. Viking Canterbury. Artefacts from Canterbury’s Viking period are extremely rare! This craft knife has a bone handle and iron blade. It was used by a bone, wood or leather worker. Found near the Castle Street / Beer Cart Lane junction. On display in Canterbury’s Heritage Museum.

Figs. 1–15: Supplementary black and white pictures

Documents

Transcript of Figs. 1–15: Supplementary black and white pictures