FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and...

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FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 1 © Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer Gehörgerechte Fahrgeräuschanalyse als Basis für Fahrsimulatoren Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Becker-Schweitzer Fachhochschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and Vibration Engineering www.sound-ing.de [email protected]

Transcript of FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and...

Page 1: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

1© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer

Gehörgerechte Fahrgeräuschanalyse als Basis für Fahrsimulatoren

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Becker-Schweitzer

Fachhochschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and Vibration [email protected]

Page 2: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

2© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Fahrsimulator als Versuchsplattform

Damals (1910)

[http://www.rug.nl/cit/hpcv/vr_visualisation/simulation/phileas]

[www.ligoeleos.com/Flight Simulator History of Technology.htm]

Heute

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FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

3© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

FORD 2SV ( HEAD acoustics H3S)

original sound

rpmspeed surface throttle position

wind sound road sound powertrain sound

+ =

silenced sound

demo sound demo sound

vehi

cle

mod

ifica

tions

high

ly in

sula

ted

earp

hone

s

ANC-Headphone

Earplug/Headphone-Kombination

Page 4: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

4© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Geräusch Parametrisierung

Fahrzeugparameter• Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit• Motorgeschwindigkeit (Drehzahl)• Motorlast (Gaspedalstellung)• Gang• Bediengeräusche

Umweltparameter• Fahrbahnoberfläche• Windgeschwindigkeit• Verkehr (Überholvorgänge)• Umgebungsgeräusche• …

• Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit• Motorgeschwindigkeit (Drehzahl)• Motorlast (Gaspedalstellung)• Gang

FahrgeräuschFahrgeräusch

Zeitbereichssynthese

Frequenzbereichssynthese

Page 5: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

5© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Fahrgeräusche Parametrisierung

100 1000 100000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90S

ound

Pre

ssur

e Le

vel /

dB

(lin)

Frequency / Hz

ReifenReifen--FahrbahnFahrbahn

MotorMotor

WindWind

Konstantfahrt 120km/h

GesamtGesamt--gergerääuschusch

Page 6: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

6© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Wolfgang von Kempelens sprechende Maschine (1791)

http://www.ling.su.se/staff/hartmut/kempln.htm

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FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

7© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Homer Dudleys Voder 1939

Page 8: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

8© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Wie funktioniert eine FFT

Page 9: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

9© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Äquivalenter Tiefpaßbereich

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Time s

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

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1.5

2

2.5

Time s

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

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2.5

Time s

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-2.5

-2

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-1

-0.5

0

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1.5

2

2.5

Time s

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-2.5

-2

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-1

-0.5

0

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2

2.5

Time s

Original 20+21 Hz cosine waves

Multiply by 20 Hz complex phasor

2 Hz lowpass filter & multiply by 2

Multiply by 20 Hz conjugate phasor

Compare real component to original

Page 10: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

10© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Drehzahlsignal Ermittlung

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 182000

2500

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anta

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s R

PM

16 16.2 16.4 16.6 16.8 17 17.2 17.4 17.6 17.8 185000

5050

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5350

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5450

5500

Time s

Inst

anta

neou

s R

PM

Page 11: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

11© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Drehzahlfehler

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Time s

Inst

anta

neou

s R

PM

Err

or

Page 12: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

12© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Spektralanalyse Gesamtgeräusch

-20

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Time s

Fre

quen

cy H

z

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 180

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Page 13: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

13© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Spektralanalyse Motorordnungen (Stimmhaft Vocale)

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cy H

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 180

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Page 14: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

14© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Spektralanalyse (Motorordnung, Amplitude , Phase bzgl. Referenz)

Avg (1)#2ld0 ( 3.92-168.92 s).Level vs rpm (Fast). L/dB(A)[SPL]

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

n/rpm1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Avg (1)#2ld100 ( 8.45-172.22 s).Level vs rpm (Fast)Avg (1)#2ld80 (12.82-177.08 s).Level vs rpm (Fast)Avg (1)#2ld60 ( 8.41-172.08 s).Level vs rpm (Fast)Avg (1)#2ld40 ( 7.90-172.06 s).Level vs rpm (Fast)Avg (1)#2ld20 (12.59-176.67 s).Level vs rpm (Fast)Avg (1)#2ld0 ( 3.92-168.92 s).Level vs rpm (Fast)

Page 15: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

15© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Rekonstruktion Splineinterpolation Mittelung (10 / 50 Rpm Schritte)

4.02 4.04 4.06 4.08 4.1 4.12 4.14 4.16 4.18

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

Zeit / s

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Zeit / s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Zeit / s

3.94 3.96 3.98 4 4.02 4.04 4.06

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Zeit / s

Page 16: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

16© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Phasenbestimmung

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Zeit / s1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.2 1.21 1.22 1.23

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Zeit / s

4.04 4.06 4.08 4.1 4.12 4.14 4.16 4.18 4.2-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Zeit / s

Page 17: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

17© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Phasenbestimmung

1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Zeit / s0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Zeit / s

Page 18: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

18© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Spektralanalyse Gesamtgeräusch

-20

-10

0

10

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30

40

50

Time s

Fre

quen

cy H

z

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 180

200

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1000

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1400

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1800

2000

Page 19: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

19© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Spektralanalyse Restrauschen (Stimmlos, Konsonanten)

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Time s

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quen

cy H

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 180

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Page 20: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

20© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

101 10

2 103 10

4 105

0

1000

2000

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4000

5000

6000

7000

0

50

100

Spektralanalyse (Restrauschen, Filtergenerierung)

Page 21: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

21© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Filter

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Zeit / s

Noise

+

Fahrzeugge-schwindigkeit

RauschmatrixOrder Matrix

Drehzahl Motorlast

Amplitude/ Phase

Page 22: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

22© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Fahrgeräusche 2. Gang Hochlauf

BMW 318 iAlfa Romeo Spider 2.0 lFord Mondes 1.8 lAudi A3 1.8 l Turbo

Time / s

Fre

quen

cy /

Hz

0 2 4 6 8 100

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Time / s

Fre

quen

cy /

Hz

0 2 4 6 8 100

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Time / s

Fre

quen

cy /

Hz

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

100

200

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600

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800

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1000

Time / s

Fre

quen

cy /

Hz

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

100

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300

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500

600

700

800

900

1000

Time / s

Fre

quen

cy /

Hz

0 2 4 6 8 100

100

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900

1000

Time / s

Fre

quen

cy /

Hz

0 2 4 6 8 100

100

200

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500

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800

900

1000

Time / s

Fre

quen

cy /

Hz

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

100

200

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800

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1000

Time / s

Fre

quen

cy /

Hz

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

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Original Synthese(bmw.wav) (bmwsyn.wav)

(alfa.wav) (alfasyn.wav)

(mondeo.wav) (mondeosyn.wav)

(audisyn.wav)(audi.wav)

Page 23: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

23© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

0 2 4 6 8 10 120

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Zeit / s

rpm

Synthesetest

Motorhochlauf schnell (rot)

Motorhochlauf langsam (blau)

Original(fast.wav)

Synthese(fastsyn.wav)

Original(slow.wav)

Synthese(slowsyn.wav)

Tausch(fast2slow.wav)

Tausch(slow2fast.wav)

Page 24: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

24© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Modifizierte Hochlaufgeschwindigkeiten für ein Fahrzeug

Beispiel:BMW

Page 25: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

25© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Ergebnisse Sportlichkeit

Avg.

Rat

ing

linear progressiv degressiv Diesel0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Petrol

AlfaAudiMondeoBMW

Petrol Linear progressiv degressiv Diesel Varianz

BMW 4.6 3.9 3.9 4 4 0.096

Alfa 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.7 0.198

Mondeo 4.8 4.4 3.8 4.4 4.4 0.124

Audi 4.8 4 3.5 4.2 4.1 0.074

Varianz 0.025 0.054 0.032 0.038 0.072

Page 26: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

26© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Einsatzgebiet Sounddesign

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 700065

70

75

80

85

90

Engine Speed / rpm

SP

L /

dB(li

n)

2nd2.5th

Page 27: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

27© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Grenzen der Simulationstechnik (Dieselsounds)

schwach nagelnd stark nagelnd

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Zeitpunkt 2 (44103.Sample)

Zeitpunkt 3 (99356.Sample)

Page 28: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

28© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Zusammenfassung

• Fahrsimulatoren sind ein sinnvolles Werkzeug in der Automobilindustrie

• Eine Fahrgeräuschanalyse und -synthese ist gehörgerecht möglich

• Es sind Algorithmen für Zeit- und Frequenzbereichssynthese vorhanden

• Fahrgeräuschdaten können Fahrzeugbezogen abgelegt werden

• Frequenzbereichsynthese problematisch für impulsive Geräusche

• Frequenzbereichsynthese erlaubt leichtere Geräuschmodifikationen für

Sounddesign

Page 29: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

29© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit

Page 30: FH D ISAVE - HEAD acoustics€¦ · FH D ISAVE Fachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering 0:10 © Professor Dr.-Ing J.

FH D ISAVEFachhochhschule Düsseldorf Institute for Sound and University of Applied Sciences Vibration Engineering

30© Professor Dr.-Ing J. Becker-Schweitzer0:10

LiteraturJ. Becker, M. Heppelter, The influence of different run up slopes on sound quality evaluation in vehicle interior sounds, DAGA 2003J. Becker, R. Schirmacher Bdeutung multimodaler Wahrnehmung auf die Beurteilung von Fahrzeuginnengräuschen Wokshop FAFA Dega Oldenburg 2003Almut Hochstädter, Peter Zahn, Karsen Breuer, Ein universelles Fahrermodell mit den Einsatzbeispielen Verkehrssimulationund Fahrsimulator, 2000J. M. Rolfe and K. J. Staples, Flight simulation, 1988Wierwille, W.W., Driving Simulator Design for Realistic Handling, 1975http://www.pm-drosdol.de/index.php?id=17, 2008http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-12 /NationalAdvancedDriverSimulator.html 2008, http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/facilities/uolds/index.php, 2008M Lebram, H Engstrom, H Gustavsson,, A Driving Simulator Based on Video Game Technology, 2006Kemeny A, Panerai F, Evaluation perception in driving simulation experiments, 2003Ronald R. Mourant, David Refsland, Developing a 3D Sound Environmentfor a Driving Simulator, 2003F. Barbagli, D. Ferrazzin, C.A. Avizzano, M. Bergamasco, Proceedings of VR2001, Washout Filter Design for a Motorcycle Simulator, 2001J. Miguel Leitão, Ra Moreira, Jorge A. Santos, A. Augusto Sousa, F. Nunes Ferreira,GVE'99-Computer Graphics and Visualization Education '99, Evaluation

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