Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be

grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.

Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.

Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

Atomic NumberThis refers to

how many protons an atom of that element has.

No two elements, have the same number of protons.Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom

Wave Model

Atomic MassAtomic Mass

refers to the “weight” of the atom.

It is derived at by adding the number of protons with the number of neutrons.

HThis is a helium atom. Its atomic mass is 4 (protons plus neutrons).

What is its atomic number?

SymbolsAll elements have

their own unique symbol.

It can consist of a single capital letter, or a capital letter and one or two lower case letters.

C Carbon

CuCopper

HydrogenThe hydrogen square sits atop

Family AI, but it is not a member of that family. Hydrogen is in a class of its own.

It’s a gas at room temperature.It has one proton and one electron

in its one and only energy level.Hydrogen only needs 2 electrons to

fill up its valence shell.

ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member,

it is a non-metal1 electron in the outer shellSoft and silvery metalsVery reactive, esp. with

waterConduct electricity

Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in the

outer shellWhite and

malleableReactive, but less

than Alkali metalsConduct

electricity

TRANSITION METALSGroups in the

middle

Good conductors of heat and electricity.

Some are used for jewelry.

The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.

Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

BORON FAMILY Group 33 electrons in

the outer shellMost are metalsBoron is a

metalloid

CARBON FAMILY Group 44 electrons in

the outer shellContains

metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 55 electrons in

the outer shellCan share

electrons to form compounds

Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

OXYGEN FAMILY Group 66 electrons in

the outer shellContains

metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Reactive

HalogensGroup 77 electrons in

the outer shellAll are non-

metalsVery reactive

are often bonded with elements from Group 1

Noble Gases Group 8Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the

outer shell = FullHelium (He) has

only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full

Not reactive with other elements

Rare Earth MetalsSome are

RadioactiveThe rare

earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.

Conduct electricity