Exploring the Public City Berlin

8/14/2019 Exploring the Public City Berlin

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C H @ M C I T AC J ] T A R D C J

B A R H @ I

M R C M G _

D A H E T

@ I T A R I C T @ G I C H @ I T A I ] @ U A ^ R G O R C J J A

A\^HGR@IO TLA ^QBH@M M@TP

R A C I @ J C T @ I O T L A ] C T A H H @ T A M @ T P

> = * 3 0 ) I G U ) 2 > > ? T E L * B A R H @ I Q I @ U A R ] @ T P G E C ^ ^ H @ A D ] M @ A I M A ]

B A R H @ I 2 > > ?

@]BI; 0?>?


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A\^HGR@IO TLA ^QBH@M M@TP 2>>?3

Tcbha Ge Mgitait }

Mghg~lgi % Cmfigwhadoajait}

^crt 3 _grf}lg~ Tlaja 2>>?6 Raci`jctì o Tla ]ctahh`ta M`t p33 _grf}lg~ Bràe32 hciiìo Ge Cmtù`t` a}' rgorcjja @i Barhì 2>>?

^crt 2 @itrgdqmt`gi23 Oaiarch @itrgdq mt`gi Tg Tla @itai}ùa rgorcjja

^crt = Tlaja Rahctad Crt`mha} Cid Hamtqra} x Ucr`gq} Cqtlgr}=3 Qrbci Dauahg~jait C id ]ctahh`ta M`tà} ,Tlgjc} Froar)=2 Iaw Tgwi Dauahg~jait @i Lghhcid ,âtar da Bg`})

=2 Oai`q} Hgm` ,Eh`~ Hcjbchf)== Oraai ^qbh`m ]~cma} ,^cbhg Jcrt)=4 Gem`ch qbh`m ]~cma} ,Lghoar Fliah x O`}ahc Ohc}})

^crt 4 ra~crctgr p ]tqdait _grf x crt`m`~cit }43 Mc}a*]tqdp Jcr{cli ,Barhì Qiùar}`tp ge C~~h àd ]màima})42 Mc}a*]tqdp Cj}tardcj B`khj arjaar ,Cj}tardcj ]mlggh ge Tamlighgop)4= Mc}a*]tqdp Bg} Ai Hgjjar ,Daet Qiù ar}`tp ge Tamlighgop)44 Mc}a*]tqdp Ch`mcita ,Qiùar}`tp ge Tamlighgop)41 Mc}a*]tqdp Mrcmgw ,Mrcmgw Qiùar}`tp ge Tamlighgop)

^crt 1 A|~hgrìo J cr{cli( Jc~~ìo ^qbh`m ]~cma x crt`m`~cit }

13 Mgjjarm`ch qbh`m ]~cma12 Egrjch ^qbh`m ]~cma1= Oraai ^qbh`m ]~cma14 @iegrjch qbh`m ]~cma11 @ierc}trqmtqra

^crt 5 @it aruait`gi} @i Igw c Lqtc( ,Ra)Da}oiìo Tla ^qbh`m Dgjcì x crt`m`~cit }53 Mgjjarm`ch qbh`m ]~cma52 Egrjch ^qbh`m ]~cma

5= Oraai ^qbh`m ]~cma

54 @iegrjch qbh`m ]~cma51 @ierc}trqmtqra Cid qbh`m ]~cma

^crt ? @j~hajaitct`gi}

^crt


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RACI@JCT@IO TLA ]CTAHH@TA M@TP 2

GROCI@]CT@GI % TACML@IO ]TCEE

Cmfigwhadojait}

_a wgqhd h`fa tg tlcif tla ~crt`m`~ctìo lòlar adqmct`gi ì}t`tq*t`gi} cid tla`r ra~ra}aitctùa}

Lgoa}mlggh uci Cj}tardcjCj}tardcj }mlggh ge tamlighgop( Qi`t Bq`hd Aiu`rgijaitCrml Oarcrd Fq`~ar J]m( ^lKHcjbchf( }ai`gr hamtqrar(Ciiafa Traeear}

Tamli`}mla Ecmllgml}mlqha Barhì

Qiùar}`tp ge C~~hàd ]màima}^rge O`}ahc Ohc}}( ^rge Dr Lghoar Fliah ^ld(Crml Tlgjc} Froar

gh`tamli`fc Frcfgw}fcMrcmgw Qiùar}`tp g e Tamlighgop( Ecmqhtp g e Crml`tamtqra^rge _gkmlàml _`mlar( Coià}{fc _gkm`f ^lD Crml`tamt

Tamli`}mla Qiùar}`ta`t Dahetatar O da Bg`} J]m Crml` tamt cid Qrbci Da}òiar

Fcrai Bqqrjci} J]m Qrbci Da}òiar cid B]m Crml`tamtJcrm Fgalhar J]m Crml`tamt

Qiùar}`dcd da Ch`mcitaCitgi`g Och`cig( cbhg Jcrt`

OQA]T HAMTQRAR]

@i ch~lcbat`mch grdar;

D`rf Bhgjapar( Crml`tamt( rge rgkaftaitw`mfhqio(^rgkaft}taqarqio TEL Barhì

J`mlcah Fip( Crml`taft( Gema Fip qid _abar( Barhì

^l`h`~~ G}wcht( Crml`tamt( Qrb ci Mctchp}t( rge Crml`taftqrtlagràqid Aitwareai( Qi` uar}tt Fc}}ah

Laì{ T`bba( Qrbci ^hciar( Orq~~a ^hciwarf


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A\^HGR@IO TLA ^QBH@M M@TP 2>>?=

]TQDP CRAC

Tla }tqdp crac } Barhì*Jcr{cli( hgmctad i tla ac}tari ~crt geBarhì @t} c pgqio }qbqrb ergj tla ?>}( bq`ht qidar tla qrbci~hciiìo oq`dahìa} ge t la egrjar DDR

Bq`ht c} ci chtarictùa tg tla 30tl maitqrp tgwi( J cr{cli wc} tlaiaw dracj ge tla iaw }gm`ch`}t`m oguarijait@i tla ?>} cid } ~raecbr`mctad mgimrata bq`hdìo} w ara uarp~g~qhcr cid wahh cmma~tad cjgio tla ìtahhamtqch ah`ta ge tla}gm`ch`}t ~crt ge Oarjcip Tla}a bq`hdìo} wara lòlhp mgjegrt*cbha cid lcd c oggd tamli`mch }tcidcrd} mgj~crad tg tla ghdigi*raiguctad bq`hdìo} ì tla ìiar m`tp ge tla 30tl maitqrp

Tla qrbci dauahg~jait ge J cr{cli `} tla haocmp ge tla ~r ìm`~ha}ge tla M@CJ ;Jcr{cli } igwcdcp} mlcrcmtar`}ad c} c lòl*d ai}`tp( }qbqrbcim`tp6 w`tl c làrcrml`mch }p}taj ge jgig*eqimt`gich ra}`dait`chcrac} ì ~raecbr`mctad ìdq}tr`ch }trqmtqra} w`tl c hcmf ge qrb ci '~qbh`m hèa sqch`tà}Tla jgigtgip ge tla qrbci cid bq`hdìo }trqmtqra cj~hà} tlacb}aima ge }~ct`ch }òi`mcima( qrbci }~cma cid u`tch`{ad }traat}

Cetar tla echh ge tla wchh `t wc} cttaj~tad tg q~orcda tla d`}tr`mtbp a|tai}ùa ramgi}trqmt` gi cid iaw hcid}mc~a da}òi} Iauartla ha}}( tl`} mgqhd igt }tg~ ajòrct`gi ge tla wachtlp ìlcb`tcit}tg tla iacrbp crac} cmrg}} tla m`tp bgrdar( wlara mlac~ar ~rg~*artp `} cuc`hcbha egr ~rù cta ecj`hp*lgq}a}

Bc}ad gi tla ecmt ge j òrct`gi gqt g e Jcr{cli( tla dcioar getla eqtqra } tla olattg`{ct`gi( cmmaharcta} ucmcimp ge c~crtjaitbhgmf} cid ch}g tla`r rahctad ìerc}trqmtqraJcr{cli tgdcp( `} c oggd a|cj~ha ge c }qbqrbci }lrìfìo m`tp


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^CRT 3 _GRF]LG^ BR@AE

@i 30>>> ilcb`tcit} i Jcr{cli( tgdcp tlara cracbgqt 3>>>>> haet

Tla mlcioa} ì }gmàtp( wl`ml wara tròoarad bp tla echh ge tlawchh( lcua tgtchhp mlcioad tla qrbci mgid`t`gi}( tla j`| ge tlaìlcb`tcit} cid tla ìerc}trqmtqra

C iaw mgima~t egr tla trci}egrjct`gi ge tla wlgha crac( wl`mlròlt igw } daiad bp jgig }trqmtqra ,hùìo) cid bòoraai crac} `} iaadadJg}t ge chh( dèearait tp~a} ge c~crtjait}( iaw mgima~t} egr tla~qbh`m }~cma} cid ìiguctùa `dac} egr tla`r q }a cra

iama}}crp tg q~orcda Jcr{cli Tl`} } c oract mlchhaioa egrcrml`tamt} cid qrbci`}t} tg id iaw `dac} tg trci}egrj tl`} jgig}trqmtqrch d`}tr`mt

O`}ahc Ohc}}


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Aqrg~ac i m `tà} ì trci}`t`gi; da}òi cic hp}} cid }trctao à} egr qrbci trci}egrjct `gi}

Dcta Tja Cmtù`tp Hgm ct`gi]ctqrdcp >=)33)>? Crrùch

]qidcp >4)33)>?

3=;>> 30

Hcta crrùa} cid mqhtqrch

cmtù`tà};

3) @itrgdqm t`gi ge Barhì}2) L`}tgrp 3l &

_chfìo Tgqr tlrgqo l

Barhì*J`tta 3(1l

=) U`}`tìo tla a|l`b`t`gi/Barhì*}tgrp/(

Fqrer}tai*

dcjj 2>?*2>1)33)>?

>0)>> *>0)31 _ahmgj a }~a am l ^rge) O`}ahcOhc}}]tqdàiocio

Crm l`ta ftqr( TEL

Barh i

TEL Barhì( Hq|aj bq roar ]trca0*3>( 3==1= Barhì*_ad dì oLcq} Bcqwa}ai

Lr}cch L3

>0)31*

>0)4>

@itrgdqmt`gi tg ~rgorcj Crml) Jcrm

Fgalha r J}m) TQ

Dahet6

L3

>0)1> ^ra}aitct`gi g e

~ra~crctgrp wg rf;0)1> * 3>)2> Frcfgw3>)21 3>)11 Cj}tardcj33)>> * 33)=> Dahet

33)=>*3)4> }lgrt mgeeaa bracf33)4> * 32)3> Ch`mcita32)31 * 32)41 Barh i

}tqdait}L3

32)41 *

3=)41

Hqiml ì tac j} Jai }c TEL

Hq|ajb qroa r ]tr)3=) 41 *

34)=>

Jgua tg

Fqrer}tai }trca 343

TEL

Fqrer}tai }trca 343

3>? *

31)31

Oqa}t Hamtqra

L`}tgrp g e Jc r{cli

Crml J) Fip

31)=>

35)=>

Hamtqra

Qrbci d auahg~jait ì

Barhì( }~am`chhp ìJcr{cli

Crml) Tlgjc }

Froar(

TEL Barh ì

35)=> * 30)>> ]at q~ tla w grf}tct`g i

ci d^ra~cra ra}acrml

c~~rgcml ì orgq~}

30)>> * _ahmg ja Drìf egr @^

}tqdait} cid Hamtqrar}

Oatt io tg figw acm l

gtlar6 tacj d ìiar}

]tqda it} cid

hamtqrar}

Ra}tcqrcit;

Rgmm g qid }aìa Brdar

Dcp 2

Tqa}dc p

>5)33)>?

0)=> *35)>> Tlajc t`m B`fa tgqr

Barhi( imh ham tqra} cid

Hqiml

Crml

Tlgjc }

Froar

TEL Barh ì

Jcr{cli( Lahaia*_aòah*

^hct{ < ,Rct lc q})

30)>> Oqa}t hamtqra;

/]lrìfìo M `tà}/

^G}wcht(

Qrbci

Mctchp}t

Cqhc Fqrer}tai}trca

2>)=> Jguà Dà Crml`tafta i Cqhc Fqrer}tai}trca

Dcp =

_adia}dcp

>?)33)>? Cqhc Fqrer}tai}trca

^lc}a =)2 @i Da~tl c ichp}`} ge

Tlaja cid ra}acrmlcrac}

>0)>> * >0)41 Hamtqra

/ìerc}trqmtqra/

âtar da

Bg`}(

TQ Dahet 6

>0)41 * 3>)>> Mgeeaa bracf

3>;>>* 3>)41 Hamtqra

/ìgee m`ch ~ qbh`m }~cm a}/

Crml Jcrm

Fgalhar J}m

TQ Dahet

33;>> * 33)41 Hamtqra; /oraai ~qbh`m

}~cma}/

Crml

Citgi`g

Och`cig

Ocrrò}(

Qiùar}dcd

da Ch`mcita

32)>> * 32)41 Hqiml

3=)>> * Ra}ac rml

Dcp 4Tlqr}dc p

>? Cqhc Fqrer}tai}trca

>0)>> * >0)41 Hamtqra; /mgjj arm`ch

~qbh`m }~cm a}

^rge Dr

_gkmàml

_`mlar

Mrcmgw

Qiùar}`tp ge

Tamlighgo p

>0)41 * 3>)>> Mgeeaa bracf

3>)>> *

3>)41

Hamtqra; /Gee`m`ch ~qbh`m

}~cma}/

^rge Dr L

Fliah^rge O Ohc}}

TEL Barh ì


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^CRT 2 @ITAI]@UA ^RGORCJ

33)>>

33)41

Hamtqra;

/Oai`q} Hgm`/

Crml) Jcrm

Fgalha r J}m) TQDahet6^rge) E) Hcjb chf(

Lgoa}mlggh uc i

Cj}tardcj

32)>> * Ra}acrml

30)>> Oqa}t hamtqra; "~hciiìo

cm tù`tà} egr Jcr{cli }ìma

tla echh ge tla w chh"

Crml) Laì{ Tbba (

^hciwarf

Dcp 1

Er`dcp

>0)33)>? Cqhc Fqrer}tai}trca

>0)>> *

3=)>>

Ra}acrml

3=)>> *

3=)41

Hqiml

34)>> * Ra}acrml

3 * Dìiar }tcee w`tl iaw ìmgjìohamtqrar} Chh hamtqrar}

Dcp 5

]ctqrdcp

3>)33)>? Cqhc Fqrer}tai}trca

0)=>

34;>>

^ra}aitct`gi}

ra}acrml ~lc}a

]tqda it} cid

hamtqrar}

34)>> * Eraa t`ja

Dcp ?

]qidcp

33)33)>?

32)>> *

35)>>

Crml`tamtqrch oq`dad w chfìo

Tgqr

Crml ) T) Froar(

TEL Barh ì

Eraa aua iìo

^lc}a =)= Dauahg~ìo da}òi }trctaoà}

Dcp ? Cqhc Fqrer}tai}trca

>0)>> *

3=)>>

Da}òi ]tqd `g

3=)>> *

3=)41

Hqiml

34)>> *

3>

Da}òi }tqd`g

30)>> Tlaja auaiìo 1>à};

Hamtqra cid

Jguà /Habai ì dar ]tcd t ugi

jgroai/

^rge) Kroai

]cwc da

@ioaiàqr Fqi}t

Ocharà Barhì

Bqro}tr) 2?

3>3?< Barh i

Dcp 0

Tqa}dcp

3=)33)>? Cqhc Fqrer}tai}trca

>0)>> *3=)>>

Da}òi }tqd`g

3=)>> *

3=)41

Hqiml

34)>> *

3>

Da}òi }tqd`g

30)>> Oqa}t HamtqraJatrg~gh ^crc}gh ]au`hhc

^rge) D`rfBhgjapar

TEL Barh ì

Dcp 3>_adia}dcp

34)33)>? Cqhc Fqrer}tai}trca

>0)>> *

3=)>>

Da}òi }tqd`g

3=)>> *

3=)41

Hqiml

34)>> *

3>

Da}òi }tqd`g

30)>> Eraa a uaiìo

Dcp 33

Tlqr}dcp


>0)>> *

3=)>>

Da}òi }tqd`g

3=)>> *

3=)41

Hqiml

34)>> *

3>

~ra~crct`gi eìch

~ra}aitct`gi} ì^gwar~gìt cid DT

bggf ~ qbh mct`gi)

30)>> Eraa a uaiìo

~lc}a 4

Dcp 32

Er`dcp


>0)>> *

3=)>>

~ra}aitct`gi} da } oi

}tqd`g}

3=)>> *

3=)41

Hqiml

34)>>

35)>>

~ra}aitct`gi} da } oi

}tqd`g}

35;>>*

3?)>>

auchqct `gi ai e`hh i

auchqct `gi sqa}t`gic`ra

3> ^crtp Cqhc Fqrer}tai}trca

]ctqrd cp 3?)33)>? Ha`}qra T`ja

]qidcp 3? da~crtqra


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A\^HGR@IO TLA ^QBH@M M@TP 2>>??

@ITRGDQMT@GI

A|~hgrìo tla ^qbh`m m`tp `} ci ìiguctùa ìtarict`gich tacmlìo~rgkamt c`jad ct dauahg~ìo cid a|mlcioìo figwhadoa cida|~aràima ì tla ahd ge qrbci ,ra)oaiarct`gi cid }trctao`m ~qb*h`m }~cma da}òi @i dgìo }g( tla ~rgk amt c`j} tg cdd uchqa tg tlacmcdaj`m d`}mgqr}a gi q~orcdìo ~rgbhajct`m ~qbh`m}~cma} cid tla dauahg~jait ge }q}tcìcbha qrbci mgjjqi `tà}Tla ~rgkamt c~~hà} c ~adcogo`mch c~~rg cml bc}ad gi ciìiguctùa ra}acrml jatlgd( wl`ml mgjbìa} tamli`sqa} geqrbci cichp}`} w`tl tamli`sqa} ge qrbci ~hciiìo( m`tp brcidìocid crml`tamtqrch cid qrbci da}òi

BCMFORGQID

Tla ~rgkamt `} }`tqctad w`t lì tla mgita|t g e c }g mchhad AQ eqidad]gmrcta} @itai}ùa ^rgkamt ,@^) Tla pacrhp auait tcfa} 3= dcp}cid } cttaidad bp 5> }tqdait} cid 32 tacmlar} ergj 5 Aqrg~aciQiùar}`tà} cid ]mlggh} ge Crml`t amtqra cid Qrbci Da}òiTla ~crt`m`~ctìo }mlggh} cra Lgoa}mlggh uci Cj}tardcj,Cj}tardcj Qiùar}`tp ge C~~h àd ]màima})( Tamli`}mlaQiùar}`ta`t Dahet ,Dahet Qiùar}`tp ge Tamlighgop)( gh`tamli`fcFrcfgw}fc ,Mrcmgw Qiùar}`tp ge Tamlighgop)( Tamli`}mlaEcmllgml}mlqha Barhì ,Qiùar}`tp ge C~~h` ad ]màima} Barhì)(Ecmllgml}mlqha Ercifeqrt cj J cì ,Ercifeqrt Qiùar}`tp geC~~hàd ]màima})( Fbilcui} Tafi`}fa ]fgha ,Mg~ailcoai

ghptamli`m) cid Qiù ar}`tct dChcmcit ' Qiùar}`dcd da Ch`mcita,Qiùar}`tp ge Ch`mcita)Tla r}t wgrf}lg~ tggf ~hcma ì 2>>1 ì Chjara( ì`t`ctad cidgroci`{ad bp tla Lgoa}mlggh uci Cj}tardcj Tla }amgidwgrf}lg~( w c} lahd i Igw c Lqtc( ghcid i J cp 2>>5( groci*`}ad bp t la Tamli`mch Qiùar}`tp g e Mrcmgw ,MQT Mrcmgw) Tlatl`rd wgrf}lg~( ge wl`ml tl`} bggf `} tla gqtmgja( tggf ~hcma ìIguajbar 2>>? i Barhì( groci`{ad bp tla Tamli`}mla Ecmllgml*

}mlqha Barhì cid tla egqrtl wgrf}lg~ `} ~hciiad ì Ch`mcita ì

Jcp 2>> }tqdait} cid twgtacmlar} Tl a tlaj a} cra @IEGRJCH( MGJJ ARM@CH( ORAAI(@IERC]TRQMTQRA cid GEE@M@CH ^QBH@M ]^CMA ^rg~artà} geacml tlaja cra }~amàd eqrtlar ì tl`} ra~grt

Bc}mchhp( tla wgrf}lg~ `} }~h`t q~ ì tw g ~lc}a} Tlar}t waaf`} dad`mctad tg cichp}ìo tla ra}acrml tarr`tgrp w l`h}t tla }amgidwaaf `} q}ad tg ahcbgrcta tla ~rau`gq}hp egrjqhctad mgima~t}ìtg datc`had da}òi ~rg ~g}ch} Tla cichp}`} ~lc}a `} ec`rhp wahh}trqmtqrad ]tqdait} cra c}fad tg mgidqmt ra}acrml ergj tla`rtlajct`m ~gìt ge uàw cid gi twg hauah} ge }mcha cid ~ra}aittla`r idìo} tg tla gtlar orgq~} ct tla aid ge tla r}t waaf

RA]ACRML TARR@TGRP

Acml pacr( tla wgr f}lg~ mlgg}a} c }~am`m mc}a }tqdp cracì gia ge tla 5 m`t` a} wlara tla ~crt`m`~ctìo qiù ar}`tà} crabc}ad Tla mc}a }tqdp `} mlg}ai ì rahct`gi tg c mhacrhp daiadmgitaj~grcrp tlaja ì ~qbh`m }~cma dauahg~jait Q~ t`hhigw( tla mc}a }tqdp crac} lcua baai mlg}ai i rahct`gi t g tla

~rgbhajct`m ge qrbci raoaiarctìo ge ~g}t*jgdari cid ~g}t*wcr

Iaw Tgwi}( raìtar~ratìo ìqait`ch ~hciiìo ~crcdòj} ge tla2>tl maitqrp cid tla 23}t maitqrp Tlaja} lcua baai IgrtlariAqrg~aci Iaw Tgwi} ,w grf}lg~ Chj ara( Iatlarhcid} i 2>>1)(Mgjjqi`}t Jgdah tgwi} ,wgrf}lg~ Igwc Lqtc( ^ghcidì 2>>5 cid ]ctahh`ta m`tà} J cr{cli 2>>?) Tla wgrf}lg~ ìCh`mcita w`hh a|~hgra tla rahctùahp qia|~hgrad tg~`m ge ~hciiadra}`dait`ch ra}grt} ct tla mgc}t ge Ch`mcita6 c uarp a|tr aja egrjge ~g}t jgdari ìtarict`gich }qb qrb ci`{ct`gi Tla A M ~rgkamttcfa} ucr`gq} fìd} ge Iaw Tgwi} c} mc}a }tqdp crac} egr d`d cmt`*mch rac}gi}( baìo rahctùahp mhacr( }`j~ha cid bgqid ad i }~ct`ch}trqmtqra cid ra~ra}aitìo mhacr `daghgo`mch mgima~t}Bp ra~actìo c }tr`mt ra}acrml }trqmtqra ,ì tarj} dai`t`gi}(

mhc}}`mct`gi} cid drcwìo }mcha cid haoaid) tla jc~~ìo* cidda}òi ra}qht} ge dèearait wgrf}lg~} mci ba mgj~crad( ocììoì}òlt ì tl a oaiar`m cid }~am`m ~rìm`~ha} balìd dèearaitc~~rgcmla} tg qrbci ~hciiìo cid crml`tamtqrch da}òi ì iaw~crt} ge Aqrg~aci m`tà}

TLAGRAT@MCH ERCJA

Ramaithp( tlcif} tg tla dauahg~jait ge iaw tamli`sqa} ge qrbcicichp}`} cid jc~~ìo( wa cra bamgjìo jgra cbha tg ìtarhìfa|tai}ùa }gqrma} ge qrbci dctc( chhgwìo q} tg ìtar~rat tlabalcu`gqr ge mgj~ha| qrbci }p}taj} cid hìf tla }g mchhad }getuchqa} w`tl lcrd uchqa} Tl`} lc} jcda `t ~g}}`bha tg cichp}ajcip ecmtgr} tlct ìqaima tla eqimt`giìo cid ~aregrjcimage ~qbh`m }~cma}( ìmhqdìo tla rgha ge ~rgorcjjìo cidcrml`tamtqra @i dgìo }g( wa cra hacriìo lgw tg `j~rgua tla~aregrjcima ge m`t` a} gr ~crt} ge m`tà}( cddra}}ìo mr`t`mch cidqroait `}}qa} c`jad ct }q}tcìcbha mgjjqi`tp dauahg~jait


9/250

RACI@JCT@IO TLA ]CTAHH@TA M@TP >?0

GIA MC]A( JCIP MCTMLA]; LG_ TG FAA^ ERGO] @I C BCR*

RAH

C rggj eqhh ge da}òiar} `} bgqid tg ~rgdqma c ggd ge `dac}^rcmt`mch( iigu ctùa( j~g }}`bha( qih`fahp( qia|~amtad( mr c{p(br`hh`cit( }~gitciagq}( }gh`d c fcha`dg}mg~a ge tlgqolt} cidì}òlt} tlct chh ìdù`dqchhp lcua tla`r }~am`m jar`t( jgtùct`gicid uch`d`tp Tl`} mractùa a|~hg}`g i } c uchqcbha c}}at ge acmlwgrf}lg~ c} `t tròoar} `t} ~crt`m`~cit} tg tlìf gqt}`da tla bg|cid a|~ar`jait C jqht`d`}m`~hìcrp cid'gr ìtarict`gich ~ra}}qramggfar aiu`rgijait ~rgu`da} qiasqchhad jaci} egr mractìotla iama}}crp }t`jqhcit} wlarac} ~crt`m`~cit} cra mgiergit adw`tl dèearait rgqtìa} cid cb`h`tà} Mgjjqi`mctìo ì c dèearait

hcioqcoa egrma} tlaj tg }aaf iaw( a|~h`m`t cid jgra eqid cjaitchwcp} tg a|~r a}} tla`r `dac} cid jatlgd} C wgrf}lg~ }qml c}tla gia ì Barhì( Cqtqji 2>>?( ramgrdad ì tl` } ~qbh`mct`gi( `} cuchqcbha hacriìo a|~aràima ì `t} gwi ròlt

Cid tl`} `} wlara jg}t wgrf}lg~} aid Cetar auarpgia lc}tla`r }cp( ~ra}aitad tla`r ~ hci( a|mlcioad tla`r cddra}}a}(

tla orgq~ echh} c~crt cid hacua} balìd c lac~ ge jctar`ch ergjwl`ml `t `} chjg}t `j~g}}`bha tg darùa c mglarait mgimhq}`gi giwl`ml t g ahcbgrcta ì c ~rcmt`mch }ai}a Tla wgrf}lg~( u` brcit(adqmct`gich cid }qmma}}eqh c} `t jcp lcua baai( w`hh rajcì ciìtarja{{g( c ~hac}cit ìtarrq~t`gi ge auarpdcp rgqtìa( c eqijajgrp ]gja `dac} w`hh }t`mf w`tl tla cqdàima( bqt jg}t w`hhecda ìtg gbhù `gi cid }tcp kq}t tlct( `dac} Tla }traiotl cid tlawacfia}} ge tla wgrf}lg~ egrjct; ci ìuchqcbha a|~aràima gici ìdù`dqch hauah bqt dèmqht tg a}t`jcta guarchh }~ì*gee

@i grdar tg }grt aeeamt gi c jgra mghhamtùa hauah tl`} wgrf}lg~c`j} ct ìtaorctìo mgjbììo tla ìdù`dqch egrma} @i grdartg cmlàua tlct ogch c jc~~ìo jatlgd `} ìtrgdqmad tlct lc}chracdp baai ~rguai q}aeqh ì c ucràtp ge mc}a}( ergj ~h ci

cichp}`} tg }trqmtqra ~h ciiìo; tla ROBO ]trctao`m Jgdah

Tla ROBO ]trctao`m Jg dah } c dpicj` m da}òi cid cichp}`}ì}trqjait tlct }trgiohp drcw} ergj tg~ghgo`mch figwhadoa(mgoi`tùa dctc cid jaitch jc~~ìo @t `} q}aeqh cid aeeamtùa ìtla qrbci'aiu`rgijaitch mgita|t ge trci}egrjct`gi( ìiguct`gi(cid a|~hgrct`gi @t jcfa} mgjjqi`mct`gi ~g}}`bha ì c mgj~ha|ìtarcmtùa cid ìtq`tùa }`tqct`gi @t u`}qch`}a} ~rgorcjjct`m~gtait`ch} cid ~lp}`mch rahct`gi} ì c mgima~tqch w cp

Tla ROBO jatlgd( c bràe da}mr`~t`gi ge `t} ~qr~g}a V3Z

Jcì `}}qa wlai `t mgja} tg }pimlrgi`}ìo cid mgrrahctìo dctc`} idìo c mgjjgi fap tg trci}hcta( u`}qch`}a( mgjjqi`mcta

cid mgj~cra ra}qht} Egr tl`} auait tla bgdp ge }tqdait}`} dù`dad itg ua tlajct`m }qborgq~}( acml c}}òiad tgìua}tòctìo c ~crt`mqhcr c}~amt ge qbh`m ]~cma;

MGJJARM@CH QBH@M ]^CMAEGRJCH ^QBH@M ] CMAORAAI ^QBH@M ]^CMA@IEGRJCH QBH@M ]^CMA@IERC]TRQMTQRA % ^QBH@M ]^CMA

Egr }cfa ge mgitìq`tp tl`} }cja }qbdù`}`gi `} ch}g aj~ hgpaddqrìo tla Barhì wgrf}lg~ Acml tlajct`m orgq~ mgi}`}t} ge3> }tqdait} cid `} }q~aru`}ad bp gia jajb ar ge }tcee ,tlara cra}a~crcta tacj} egr tla r}t lche ge tla w grf}lg~( tla cichp}`}~lc}a( cid tla }amgid lche( tla da}òi ~lc}a) Acml orgq~mgidqmt} tla`r gwi ra}acrml bqt `} c}fad tg }`jqhtciagq}hpramgrd tla octlarad ìegrjct`gi ì c hcparad Cdgba @hhq}trctgrjc~ cmmgrdìo tg c qiègrj fap Tlg}a jc~} cra ~rgma}}adjgra gr ha}} ìda~aidaithp ergj tla orgq~ cichp}`} Gia dah*aoctac~~gìtad egr acml orgq~ `} c}}òiad tg d`}mq}} cid ra~grtbcmfgi mgitait cid mgimhq}`gi}

Tla ROBO ]trctao`m jgdah q}ad c} c ]maicr`g cichp}`} cid

da}òi jatlgd c`j } ct u`}qch`}ìo jcì ~ctl}( igda} cidrao`gi} tlct jcp oaiarcta cid mcrrp trci}egrjct`gi tlrgqol tlaramgoi`t`gi cid ,ra)mgirjct`gi ge }~am`m tg~ghgo`mch sqch`tà}w`tlì tla a|`}tìo qrbci }trqmtqra @t} jqht`hcparad( dpicj`m cid}trqmtqrch c~~rgcml ~rgu`da} ì}òlt ì bgtl tla mqrrait }`tqct`gicid oaiarcta} ,hgio tarj) }trctao`m da}òi u `}`gi} raocrdìomgitaj~grcrp ~qbh`m }~cma Tla }q~ar*~g}`t`giad hcpar} lòlhòlttla ~cttari ge ~hcma}( eqimt`gi}( da}tìct`gi} cid hcidjcrf} cidìd`mcta tla * a|`}tìo cid'gr cb}ait * m`rmq`t} wl`ml tà tlajtgoatlar ìtg c làrcrml`mch ercjawgrf V2Z

Bc}ad gi tla c}}qj~t`gi tlct c mgj~hata cid lachtlp qrbci

ercja mgid`t`gi}

gw} ge oggd} cid ~ag~ha ìtg }gm`chaimgqitar} cid ,laima) jaciìoeqh( ~rgd qmtùa ~qbh`m }~cma}(tla jatlgd oaiarcta} tla jgtù a} egr c jgra aeeamtùa cidmgid`t`gich ~gh`mp w`tl raocrd tg hgmct`gi( c}}òijait( da}òicid jcìtaicima V=Z @i gtlar wgrd}( tla jatlgd ~rgu`da} egrdauahg~ìo }trqmtqra u`}`gi} cid da}òi mgima~t} egr tla }amgid(~g}t*cichp}`} ~lc}a ge tla wg rf}lg~_`tl tla`r }~am`m d`}m`~hìcrp figwhadoa( }tcrtìo ~gìt} cidda}òi gr ra}acrml jgtù a} tla ~crt`m`~cit} ,ì tl`} mc}a tla}tqdait} ergj tla ucr`gq} qiùar}`tà}) u`}qch`}a tla`r ìdù`dqchtlgqolt} gi tla }qbkamt egmq}ad gi dqrìo tla wgrf}lg~( tlaIaw Tgwi ge Igwc Lqtc Dqa tg tla rahctùahp h`j`tad cjgqit get`ja ** mgimhq}`gi} lcua tg ba cuc`hcbha chjg}t ì}tcitciagq}hpcid ra~grtad mglaraithp ct tla aid ge tla wgrf}lg~ ** dctcì~qt } h`j`tad tg tla r}t }w`~a ge ecmtqch ìegrjct`gi octlaradtlrgqol ahd cid h`tarctqra }tqdp Twg hauah} ge }mcha cra tcfai icmmgqit; ohgbch }qruap ,tgwi c} c wlgha) cid daa~ jc~~ìo

Fcrai Bqqrjci}


11/250

RACI@JCT@IO TLA ]CTAHH@TA M@TP 3>

^CRT 2 @ITRGDQMT@GI

Dctc i~qt mci ba ecmtqch( mgima~tqch gr da}òi rahctad( c} hgio

c} c mgi}`}tait haoaid } q}ad Tla ROBO jatlgd mci tlq } baq}ad tg ,3) auchqcta cid mgj~cra ~hci} cid mgima~t}( mractaci c ~g}tar`gr` guaruàw ge mr`t`mch ìtaruait`gi}( tlrgqolcb}trcmtìo tlg}a ~hci} cmmgrdìo tg tla fap6 ,2) mggrdìcta tlaìuaitgrpì o ci cichp}`} ~lc}a bp }attìo tc}f}( u`}qch`}ìo cidìtaorctìo tla ra}qht} cid ~rgdqma a| cita mgima~t}( da}òi}tcrtìo ~gìt} cid ,=) oq`da mgjjqi`mct`gi batwaai dèearait(~g}}`bhp mgi`mtìo ~crtà} ìughuad ì tla ~hciiìo ~rgma}}bp u`}qch`}ìo tla`r uàw~gìt}( guarhc~} cid ~rgbhaj} Egr tlaBarhì wgrf}lg~ tla egmq} gbu`gq}hp maitra} gi ,2)( hcpìo tlabc}`} ge c oaiarch }trqmtqra u`}`gi tlct ~rgu`da} tla cimlgr ~gìt}egr tla auaitqch da}òi ~rg~ g}ch} Tla ra}qht ge tla kg ìt aeegrt

`} }q~~g}ad tg ~rgu`da egr c ~rau`gq}hp j`}}ìo hìf batwaaicichp}`} cid da}òi bp hhìo ì tla ìtarjad`cta hauah ge }mcha cidmgrrahctìo tla ì tlaj}ahua} }gqid bqt ìau`tcbhp ìmgj~hata cid}gjawlct }mcttarad ì}òlt} ge tla ìdù`dqch orgq~}

Tla ra}qhtìo @itaorct`gi Jc~ }lgw} tlct tla jatlgd ~rgdqma}ì}òlt ì tla rahct`gi}l`~}( }trqmtqra cid ,~rgorcjjct`m)~gtait`ch ge ucr`gq} crac}( hìa} cid ~hcma} Bamcq}a ge tlaqiègrj fap( auarpgia wlg lc} ciptlìo tg }cp cbgqt tla }qbkamtgr crac qidar a|cjìct`gi mci cdd l`} ìdù `dqch `dac} cidu`}`gi} Tla ra}ghqt`gi ge tla ajaroìo `jcoa ìmrac}a} w`tltla sqcit`tp cid dùar}`tp ge ì~qt `t cmmqjqhcta} Cid( asqchhp`j~grtcit( `t `} dpicj`m ì tla }ai}a tlct `t mci ìmgr~grcta cjqht`tqda ge uàw~gìt} guar ci ìdai`ta ~ar`gd ge t`ja Tlara}qhtìo tg~ghgo`mch }mlaja `} tlaraegra c lòlhp }q`tcbhaìtarjad`cta w`tl raocrd tg tla auar ~ar}`}tait hc~}a} batwaaicichp}`}( mgima~t cid da}òi @t `} ch}g c tggh tlct jcp br`doatla w`daiìo oc~ batwaai mgi`mtìo ~crtà} }qml c} tlg}acdugmctìo g~~g}ìo ~qbh`m cid ~rùcta ìtara}t

Tla bcmforgqid( jatlgd cid ra}qht} cra ahcbgrctad eqrtlar

ì ^crt ? ge tl`} r a~grt( wl`ml ~ra}ait} tla auaitqch cichp}`}

ìtaorct`gi jc~ V4Z Tla haoaid `} ch}g a|~hcìad l`tlar

Tla dù`} gi itg tlajct`m orgq~}

MGJJ ARM@CH ^QBH@M ] CMAMggrdìctgr}; _gkml` aml _`mlar( Coià}{fc _gkm`f]tqdait}; J Citlgi`}}a( B K Uci Dai Bg}ml( C Uci Dar Uaai(K M Bàruhàt kr( C ^àtr{cf( O Icjbaroar( K Bchgo( O Bài`c}{(H Icucrrg( M Iàtg( M Uùcimg}

EGRJCH ^QBH@M ]^CMAMggrdìctgr}; O`}ahc Ohc}}( Lghoar Fliah( Tlgjc} J Froar

]tqdait}; M Icrm`}g Hìcra}( R Ocrmc ]cmr`}ti( T Lcrtjcii}(F Frcjar( B Fcjì}f`( ] Pmah( ] ^àtar}a( H Mc~gtc( CBgocm{( @ Lckdc}{( Oajc ]cgrì Jcrì

ORAAI ^QBH@M ]^CMAMggrdìctgr}; Citgi` g Och`cig ( cbhg Jcrt`]tqdait}; M Mgua} ( C A}mhc~a{ ( T ^rgif ( K Fcrh}tadt ( D Abrq(E Jcrsqcrdt ( D La`jar`f} ( ] uci dar ]cida ( J Kcoàhcf ( FFg~ar ( R Fg}{ah

@IEGRJCH QBH@M ]^CMAMggrdìctgr}; Eh`~ Hcjbchf( Ciiafa Traeear}]tqdait }; A ^ra{( Ogja{( K ]mlg h( C H`kbar}( E Lgeej cii(E Jcqrar( B ]ml}}ah( A Ggr t( E uci d ar Uaaf( J Fqhm{pmfc( B^g~àhc

@IERC]TRQMTQRA % ^QBH@M ]^CMAMggrdìctgr}; âtar da Bg`} % Fcrai Bqqrjci}]tqdait}; Mcrghìc Ogja{( Ucia}c ]cimla{( Oartkci Uhccr( Iàh}_a}tja`kar( Kroai Brcò( Dqm Ioqpai( Jc| _`ttfg~~( Jcrkgh `kiBgii`fa( Ercif uci dar Uaaf( ]arci ]{p}{fc( Coià}{fc _àhog}{

V3Z Tla jatlgd lc} baai dauahg~ad dqrìo pacr} ge adqmct`gich~rgkamt} eactqrìo dèearait hgmct`gi} Gqr hgio tarj gmmq~ct`giw`tl tla Iaw Tgwi ge Chjara aicbhad eqrtlar ahcbgrct`gi cidta}tìo ge ì`t`ch idìo} Tla jatlgd mci ba raocrdad ~crt ge c

tr`~tpml aimgj~c}}ìo ]~cma ]pitc| ,L`hhàr( Hgidgi)( gqr Tlraa]ta~ Cichp}`} cid tla ercja ~cttari m`rmq`t }mlajaEgr jgra ìegrjct`gi gi tla bcmforgqid ge tla jatlgd;Bg`}( O % Bqqrj ci}( FC ,2>>5) ROBO ]trctao`m J gdah(c ]maicr`g Cichp}`} % Da}oi J atlgd Dahet Qiùar}`tp geTamlighgop Cuc`hcbha gi rasqa}t ww wctahàrchjaraihV2Z Gròìchhp( c} tla icja ge tla jatlgd ìd`m cta}( dctc ì~qt`} radqmad tg fap c}~amt} ge RAD ,bq`hdìo( dwahhìo)( ORAAI,hcid}mc~a( ramract`gi( i ctqrch aiu`rgij ait)( BHQA ,wctar) %ORAP ,ìerc}trqmtqra) Bqt gbu `gq}hp( tla jatlg d mci ba c~~hàdgi ~rcmt`mch chh hauah} ge }mcha ergj ict`gich cid rao`gich tgtla qrbci ,chtlgqol gi tla hgwar hauah} ,R =) ~rgorcjjct`mraiajait mci ba da}`rcbha) Tla Barhì wgrf}lg~ ì Jcr{cli }gia ge tla r}t a|~ar`jait} w`tl c dèearait tp~a ge haoaid tlctd`}tìoq`}la} batwaai dèearait eqimt`gi} ì}tacd ge tla gròìchjcì ROBO tlaja}V=Z Egr jgra ìegrjct`gi gi tla bcmforgqid ge tl`} tla}`}; Bqqrjci}( FC ,2>>5) Tla Hcbprìtl6 c da}òi*tlagrat`mchra}acrml ìtg ~arma~t`gi % q}a ge qrbci }trqmtqra VJ]Morcdqct`gi tla}`}Z Dahet Qiùar}`tp ge TamlighgopV4Z crt} ge tla ta|t cra a|trcmtad ergj cegrajait`giad ra~grt


12/250

Tla da}trqmt`gi ì lqoa ~crt} ge tla l`}tgr`m Barhì( w`tl `t} icr*

rgw }traat} cid dcrf taiajait bhgmf} ,~lgtg3)( dqrìo _grhd _cr@@ ( ocua r`}a tg c rcd`mch iaw wcp ge tlìfìo ì da}òiìo m`t` a}Tla iaw qrbci ~l`hg}g~lp }gqolt tg dauahg~ c hèa}tpha t egr ciaw }gmàtp ì c lqoa oraai ~crcd`}a; c ocrdai m`tp jatrg~gh`}@t} rggt} mci ba egqid ì tla Jgdari`}t jguajait ge tla 302>}(wlai }auarch lgq}ìo a}tcta} da}òiad bp Brqig Tcqt cid Jcrtì_coiar }lgwad tla ~g}}`b`h`tà} ge mractìo }gm`ch mgjjqi`tà}eghhgwìo tla`r }hgoci H`mlt( Hqet qid ]giia ,hòlt( c`r cid }qi)Tla ìmrac}ìo ~g~qhcr`tp ge mcr} cddad c iaw c}~amt tg tgwi~hciiìo; trcem aitlq}`c}j Tla mgima~t ge ci cqtgoaramlta]tcdt ,c mcr*eràidhp m`tp)( tla }trgio bahàe ì c jgb`ha m`tp w`tl ciaw ìerc}trqmtqra mgi}`}tìo ge ìiar*m`tp lòlwcp}( br`doa} cid

tqiiah}Twg a|trajahp dèearait c~~rgcmla} tg ramgi}trqmtìo tla m`tpdauahg~ad ì dù `dad ^g}t _cr Barhì( a~`tgj`}ad bp tla ]tch`*ichhaa i Ac}t Barhì cid tla Lci}cuàrtah ì _a}t Barhì Tla]gm`ch`}t }gmàtp egqid `t} cichgop ì tla waddìo mcfa }tphacrml`tamtqra( mractad bp tla crml`tamt Larjcii Lai}ahjcii Tlahcroa ]tchìchhaa bgqhaucrd ,hctar raicjad Fcrh*Jcr|*Chhaa cidErcifeqrtar Chhaa) wc} bq`ht cmmgrdìo tg l`}tgr`mch rauùch`}t ~rìm`*~ha} ergj J g}mgw( w`tl lg q}a} ì}~`rad bp ~chcma} cid mc}tha}@t} rgha wc} tg dajgi}trcta tlct Mgjjqi`}j aicbha} wgrfar} tghùa h`fa aj~argr} cid fìo} Tla maitrch qrbci mgima~t w c} tlajc}}ùa mgrr`dgr*}traat( c }pjbgh` m mgiiamt`gi ,hacdìo Ac}t) tg

Jg}mgw

Tla wa}tari ~l`hg}g~lp ge ramgi}trqmt`gi }tggd ì g~~g}`t`gi tgtla mgi}aructùa cid trcd`t` gich dac ge }traat} cid bhg mf} @i 301?tla ìtarict`gich bq`hdìo a|l`b`t`gi @ITARBCQ tggf ~hcma ì tlaigrtlwa}t ge tla maitrch Tàrocrtai ~crf ì tla Lci}cuàrtah

D`~h @io Tlgjc} Froar



13/250

Eètp*tlraa crml`tamt} ergj Barhì( Oarjcip cid chh guar tla wgr hd

wara ìu`t ad tg }lgw tlct _a}t Barhì w c} gima cocì c m`tp gercif Eghhgw ìo Ha Mgrbq}àr} dac}( tla iaw r a}`dait`ch crac wc}mgimaùad ì c eraa mgj~g}`t`gi ge lòl*r`}a cid eraa*}tcidìobq`hdìo} mgj~hajaitad bp c mcr~at }atthajait ge bqiochgw}}qrrgqidad bp c ~ crf _chtar Org~`q}( Ha Mgrbq}àr( G}mcr Ià*japar cid tla ]mcidìcu`ci crml`tamt} Chucr Cchtg( Cria Kcmgb*}ai cid gtlar} ìqaimad tla Barhì crml`tamtqrch jguajaitw`tl a|cj~ha} ge bacqtèqhhp aemàit bq`hdìo} cid ìtar`gr} Q~qit`h igw( tla Lci}cuàrtah }lgw} }gja ge tla ba}t a|cj~ha} gec~crtjait ggr ~h ci}( c} Barhì} ecjgq} crml`tamt Kg}a~l cqhFha`lqa} }c`d ct tla aid ge tla 300>} Tla ucr`ct`gi ge crml`tamtqracid tp~ghgop cid tla }jchh iqjbar ge c~~rg| 4> lgq}a} cid

3(1>> c~crtjait} } w lct jcfa} crac }g }qmma}}eqh Tl`} d`}tr`mt `}}t`hh uarp ~g~qhcr tgdcp

Ct tla }cja t`ja tla ~crcdòj }lètad ì Ac}t Barhì ergj damgrc*tùa ]tchì`}t crml`tamtqra( hc`d gqt ì trcd`t`gich bhgmf}( tg c iawarc ge ìdq}tr`chhp ~rgdqmad ~raecbr`mctad }hcb bq`hdìo}( eghhgw*ìo tla ~rgma}} ge da}tchì`}ct`gi qidar I`f`t c Flrq}lmlau @i tla305>} c iqjbar ge ~raecbr`mctad bq`h dìo} ,egr 31(>>> ilcb`t*cit}( i}tacd ge 4>(>>> wlg hùad i tla crac baegra tla wcr) cid}auarch eraa*}tcidìo }jchhar bq` hdìo} w` tl }lg~}( mcea} cidra}tcqrcit} wara aramtad chgio Fcrh*Jcr|*Chhaa gi tla }amt`giiacr tg tl a Ac}t Barhì} Cha|cidar~hct{ m`tp maitra

Dqrìo tl`} ~ar`gd( hgw*mg}t lgq}ìo ì lòl*r`}a a}tcta} wc} tla~radgjìcit rq ha ì bgtl ~ crt} ge Barhì @i _a}t Barhì tla lòl*r`}a m`tà} Org~`q}}tcdt cid Jrf`}mla} Uàrtah wara aramtad(acml lgq}ìo 1>(>>> ra}`dait} Lgwauar( tla dac ge h croa }ctahh`tam`tà} ~rguad c ec`hqra cid hacd tg j cip }gm`ch ~rgbhaj} Tla hcmfge }qemàit ìerc}trqmtqra( cigipj`tp( mr`ja cid ucidch`}j ocuatla }atthajait} tla`r bcd `jcoa c} olattg} egr ~g gr ecj`hà}


^CRT = TLAJA RAHCTAD CRT@MHA]


14/250

@i tla 30} cigtlar @itarict`gich Bq`hd`io A|l`b`t`gi , @BC 30


15/250




16/250

^rge âtar da Bg`}

Auarp ~ar}gi lc} ci `jcoa ì l`} lacd tlct lah~} l`j qidar}tcid

tla groci`}ct`gi ge tla m`tp cid aicbha} l`j tg q}a tla m`tp ìcmmgrdcima tg l`} jgj aitcrp iaad} cid jaci} ge trci}~grt _amchh tl`} `jcoa c mgoi`tùa jc~

Tla Mgoi`tùa Jc~ cid tla }~ct`ch r`tqch

Gi balche ge ci a|~g}`t`gi tlajad Mcrtgorc~lp ì Cj}tardcjbatwaai 3>> ,mgjj` }}`giad bp tla Cj}tardcjJqi`m`~ch Crml` ua}) _cco ]gmàtp ì mgh hcbgrct`gi w`t l A}tlarghcf cid Kargai Faa i`t`ctad tla ~rgkamt Cj}tardcj RachT`ja

Tla ~rgkamt aimgj~c}}ad asq`~~ìo c iqjbar ge ìlcb`tcit}ge tla m`tp ge Cj}tardcj w`tl c O^] dau`ma tlct u`c }ctahh`ta

trcmfìo ~hgttad tla ~crt`m`~cit} dc`hp rgqtìa w`tl raocrd tg tla`rjguajait} cid ~cq}a}( mgrrahctad tg tla tg~gor c~lp ge tla m`tpTla ra}qhtìo jc~ `} igt t la trcd`t`gich ~rgdqmt ge c mcrtgorc~lar(bqt tla mgjbìad ra}qht ge tla ìlcb`tcit} ge tla m`tp tlaj}ahua}@t } c jc~ tlct d ga} igt mgi}`}t ge lgq}a}( }traat}( }sqcra} cid~crf}( bqt ge tla jgt` gi} cid rgqta} ge tla ~crt`m`~ cit} Voqra 3Z

Tla }qjjct`gi ge tlg}a ìdù`dqch jguajait} ra}qht} ì c}qr~r`}ìohp mglarait guaruàw ge tla m`tp ge Cj}tardcj cidoùa} mhacr mhqa} c} tg tla cmtqch q}a ge tla tgwi} ~qbh`m }~cmaCid tl`} `} a|cmthp tla uchqa ge tl`} tp~a ge ra}acrml; `t }lgw}tla cmtqch q}a ge ~qbh`m }~cma( wlara ~ag~ha jaat( wl ai ~ag~hajaat( `t }lgw} tla`r }~ct`ch r`tqch} cid lgw guarhc~ ì ìdù`dqch

rgqtìa} mlcroa} crac} w`tl mghhamtùa }òi`mcima @t }lgw} lgwtla Qrbci Ercja ge tla m`tp ecm`h`tcta} tla jpr`cd ìdù`dqchm`rmq`t} cid lgw `t aeeamtqcta} rahct`gi} batwaai q}a cid q}ar}(batwaai da}tìct`gi}( ~rgorcjja( cid u`}`tgr} Voqra 23 tg 24Z

Eò 3 Cj}tardcj Rach T`ja( d`crp i t rcma}V3Z

Eò 23 tg 24 ]auarch id ù`dqch tr cma}V3Z

Cdìfc

@raia * jgg`waarat}ar

Kgqfa

]ciia



17/250

3

2

=

4

1

5

?

3 fj

)

@t `} ge tla qtjg}t `j~grtcima tg qidar}tcid ì wlct wcp tla

Qrbci Ercja ** tla }p}taj ge }traat}( }sqcra} cid ~crf} tlct}arua} tla iaad} ge tla tgwi} ìlcb`tcit} cid u`}`tgr} ** eaad}cid ecm`h`tcta} tla dauahg~jait cid a|tait ge tla ìdù`dqchmgoi`tùa jc~ Tlct ì}òlt w`hh lah~ qrbci da}òiar}( ~hciiar}cid ~gh`t`m`ci} orc}~ tla tgwi} }gm`g*amgigj`m eqimt`giìo @tcdd} ìau`tcbhp tg tla figwhadoa ocìad tlrgqol gtlar( jgratrcd`t`gich ra}acrml cid cichp}`} jatlgd} cid ~ rgu`da} c mhacrcid jgra aeeamtùa `j coa ge c u`tch c}~amt ge qrbci hèa M`tà} craigt chh tla }cja( igt chh m`tà} lcua mgja ì tg a|`}taima chgiotla }cja ~ctl} Eqrtlarjgra( c oract ucràtp ge Iaw Tgwi} lc}baai dauahg~ad ~r`jcr`hp bc}ad gi }ìoqhcrhp taj~grch igt`gi}cid }gm`ch mgima~t} Qidar}tcidìo tla jciiar ì wl`ml ~qbh`m

dgjcì eqimt`gi} ì ra}~amtùa mgita|t} `} u`tch ì tla hòlt getla rc~`d mgitaj~grcrp dauahg~jait} w`tl raocrd tg qrbcia|~ci}`gi( raoaiarct`gi cid( coci( iaw tgw i}

Tla Mgoi`tùa Jc~ cid Qrbci Ercja

Auarp jguajait tlrgqol tla Ercja ge tla m`tp `} rao`}taradì tla brcì ai bamgj a} ~crt ge tla oaiarch hgt ge ì}òlt } cidfigwhadoa w`tl raocrd tg ~qbh`m }~cma cid `t} eqimt`gich tcroat}Tlct ìegrjct`gi `} ìmgr~grctad ì gia} Mgoi`tùa Jc~ Bqttlara `} c h`j`t tg tla }grt cid cjgqit g e dctc tlct mci ba }tgrad(egr a|cj~ha tla iqjbar ge d`ramt`gich mlcioa} gia aimgqitar}chgio gia} ~ctl

Auarpgia wlg lc} auar c}fad }gjagia d`ramt`gi} figw} tl` }r}t lcid @t bamgja} dèmqht tg rajajbar jgra tlci tlraa tqri}cwcp ergj tla }tcrtìo ~gìt; lara }trcòlt gi( tla }amgid }traattg tla haet cid tlci ct tla hgmch orgmarp }tgra tg tla ròlt Ct tlct~gìt gia `} q}qchhp cdu`}ad tg c}f cocì

Eò =3 Mgoi`tùa jc~ bgp ,3>*32)( Barhcoa sqcrtar( Cdcj V2Z

Fap tg ]pjbgh}

rc`hwcp~rùcta trci}~grt ,mcr)~qbh`m trci}~grt~ada}tr`ci % b`fa rgqta}

ecj`hp( eràid}`jjad`cta iaòlbgqrlggd( }traat

ratc`h( }lg~~ìo( mìajcmcea( ramract`gi( ~hcporgqid}mlggh

lgja




18/250

^rge âtar da Bg`}

Gqr 3}t( 2id % =rd grdar gr Tlraa*]ta~ cichp}`} jatlgd

u`}qch`}a} egr auarp qrbci ahajait qidar ìua}tòct`gi tlamgiiamtad Ercja ì tlraa }ta~} ergj tla ~gìt ge gròì Laima`t oùa} ì}òlt ìtg tla da~tl cid racml ge tl`} }~am`m ahajaitì `t} qrbci mgita|t c} wahh c} tla mgiiamtù`tp cid tp~ghgop getla qrbci ecbr`m c} c wlgha Ci a|cj~ha Tla eqimt`gich*mgoi`t ùajc~ ge c 3> tg 31 pacr ghd bgp hùìo ì Cj}tardcj }lgw} l`}jgra gr ha}} raoqhcr da}tìct`gi}; tla ]hgtar~hc}( tla Ugidah~crf(tla Maitrch ]tct`gi( Crt`} [gg( cid ucr`gq} }~gt } ì tla `jj ad`cta}qrrgqidìo} ge l`} lgja }qml c} tla ]cr~lct`~crf cid tla}w`jjìo ~ggh Tla qidarhpìo Ercja ge tla m`tp aicbha} l`j tgid l`} wcp cid r amgoi`}a l`} wlaracbgqt} Voqra =3Z

_lai tla Tlraa*]ta~ cichp}`} jatlgd ` } c~~hàd tg tla hù ìo cracge tla 3> tg 31 pacr ghd bgp `t bamgja} mhacr tlct tla da~tl j c~u`rtqchhp }acjha}}hp mgìm`da} w`tl l`} eqimt`gich*mgoi`tùa jc~Tlq} `t bamgja} mhacr wlp tlg}a ahajait} wara ìmgr~grctadì l`} rgqtìo raearaima ì tla r}t ~hcma c} tlara } c mhacrmgrrahct`gi batw aai l`} q}a ge }~cma cid tla cuc`hcbha QrbciErcja Voqra =2 tg =5Z

C~crt ergj c oract jcip ~ar}gichhp }òi`mcit da}tìct`gi}tl`} bgp aimgqitar} }auarch mrqm`ch qrbci cimlgr ~gìt} tgg(}qml c} tla l`}tgr`mch r ìo ge mcich} cid tla 30tl maitqrp crac}}qrrgqidìo tla m`tp maitra Figwhadoa ge tla}a `mgi`m ahajait}ge tla tgwi} l`}tgr`mch dauahg~jait `} bgqid tg brgcdai l`}

oaiarch }mg~a cid ercja ge r aearaima @t mci ba a|~amtad tlct icrac} wlara tla Qrbci Ercja dga} igt ecm`h`tcta q}a cid rgqt` iotg c }`j`hcr a|tait( tla dauahg~jait ge c ~ar}gi} ìdù`dqchMgoi`tùa Jc~ cid l`} ì}òlt ì tla mgi}trqmt`gi ge tla m`tp ì`t} brgcda}t }ai}a w`hh ba lcj~arad Tla cmtqch eqimt`giìoge tla ~qbh`m dgjcì ì tarj} ge }gm`g*amgigj`m }~ì*gee w`hhba mgj~rgj`}ad ~g}}`bhp tg tla ~gìt ge }aoraoct`gi cid tla,ì)cduartcit r`}a ge }g*mchhad octad mgjjqi`tà}

> 3 fj

)

A\^HGR@IO TLA ^QBH@M M@TP 2>>?3?


19/250

Egr tla qrbci ercja ecm`h`tcta} tla mgiiamt`gi batwaai `t} ~crt}(batwaai tla ~lp}`mch*}~ct`ch cid }gm`g*amgigj`mch mgi}trqmt`gige tla m`tp ì mc}q @t ra~ra}ait} tla qrbci dpicj`m} ge tlct m`tpcid `t mracta} tla g~~grtqi`t` a} egr tla oaia}`} ge rahct`gi}l`~}cid ,}gm`ch) ìtarcmt`gi batwaai tla q}ar} ge tla ~qbh`m d gjcì(batwaai bgtl ìdù`dqch} cid orgq~} ge ~ag~ha Tla qrbci ercjaa|aj~hà} dèearait wcp} ge hèa( q}a cid uàw` io cid aicbha}ìtarcmt`gi

@i tl`} mgj~ha| wlgha ge ìdù`dqch }~ct`ch r`tqch} twg bc}`migt`gi} ~hcp c mr`t`mch ~crt; ,3) tla iaad egr ì}òlt ì tlamgi}trqmt`gi ge tla wlgha ge tla m`tp( ì gtlar wgrd} tla mgita|tge tla }~cma wa rgcj6 cid ,2) tla iaad egr ì}òl t ì tla ~crt}ge tlct m`tp( tla ~g}`t`gi ge da}tìct`gi}( dèearait eqimt`gi} ciddatc`h} _`tl tla}a twg igt`gi} tla ìdù`dqch jaat} mghhamtùamgi}m`gq}ia}}; w`tlgqt mgita|t ig `dac wlara wa cra( w`tlgqt

datc`h ig rac}gi c} tg wlp w a cra tlara Lara a}}ait`chhp hà}tla bc}`} egr gqr da}`ra tg b a jgb`ha cid tla chhàd iaad egrgràitct`gi( icuòct`gi( wcpidìo Gqr iaad egr }ceatp cidaemàimp qroa} q} tg cit`m`~cta wlctauar `t `} wa wcit tg cmlàuagr cug`d

Tla mgoi`tùa jc~ ~rgu `da} a}}ait`ch mhqa} c} tg lgw tl`} ~ rgma}}ge gràitct`gi cid cit`m`~ct`gi gi balche ge gqr }gm`g*amgigj`mch

balcu`gqr `} ecm`h`tctad bp tl a ~qbh`m ercja cid( laima( jcièa}t}`t}ahe ì tla ~qbh`m dgjcì

^qbh`m dgjcì cid mghhamtùa ìtara}t

Tla oaia}`}( dauahg~jait cid da}òi g e tla ~qb`m dg jcìcra ~crt tg c erc`h cid qimartcì rahct`gi}l`~ batwaai ~r` uctacid ~qbh`m dajcid} Ucr`gq} mghhamtùahp q}ad }~cma} ,ao

Qrbci Ercja cid ^qbh`m ]~cma

Tla jciiar ì wl`ml tla qrbci ercja mgja} ìtg baìo(trci}egrj} cid `} hc`d gqt( da}òiad( ì iaw tgwi} gr hcroaa|~ci}`gi crac} oracthp datarjìa} tla dauahg~j ait cideqimt`giìo ge ~qbh`m dgjcì

Tla ercja bc}`mchhp }arua} tlraa ~qr~g}a};

,3) tg ~rgu`da ì tla }trqmtqrch mgla}`gi batwaai tla wlgha getla qrbci }p}taj cid `t} }a~crcta ~crt}( a tla }traat}( }sqcra}(~crf} cid ìdù`dqch da}tìct`gi} tlct jcfa q~ ~qbh`m dgjcì6,2) tg ecm`h`tcta `t} q}ar} ì tarj} ge t`j a cid aemàimp gejguajait cid cmt`gi6,=) tg ai}qra eraadgj ge mlg`ma w `tl raocrd tg cmma}}`b`h`tp cidq}a ge ~qbh`m }~cma c~crt ergj }gm` ch mhc}} gr }tctq}

Eò =2 3}t( 2id( =rd grdar cichp}}( tgtchV2Z Eò == tg =5 Mgrrahct`gi batwaai Mgoi`tùa Jc~ cid tlrgqol Tlraa*]ta~ cichp`} cuc`hcbha Ercja( R : 1 fjV2Z

Fap tg ]pjbgh}

rc`hwcp

~rùcta trci}~grt ,mcr)~qbh`m trci}~grt~ada}tr`ci % b`fa rgqta}

ecj`hp( eràid}`jjad`cta iaòlbgqrlggd( }traatratc`h( }lg~~ìo( mìajcmcea( ramract`gi( ~hcporgqid

}mlggh

lgja




22/250

^rge âtar da Bg`}

maitrch`}ad cmt`gi lc} iauar baai oractar; tla ~rauc`hìo

ìqaima ge qrbci dauahg~jait gi hcid}mc~a cid amghgop `}baìo sqa}t`giad6 tla }aajìo ìechh`b`h`tp ge tamligmrct`m mgitrghguar gqr aiu`rgijait `} baìo ceeamtad6 mh`jcta mlcioa cid tlacmmgj~cipìo ìau`tcb`h` tp tg r ac}}a}} q}a cid jcicoajait getarr`tgrp( chh dajcid c jgra ì taorch cid ct tla }cja t`ja jgraa|`bha c~~rgcml tg }~ct`ch ~hciiìo Chh tla}a dauahg~jait}tgoatlar oracthp `j~cmt tla rgha cid ~g}`t`gi ge ~qbh`m dgjcìì tla mgitaj~grcrp m`tp Tla ~crt `t }lgqhd ~hcp `} ~rgu`dìotla iama}}crp cid da}`rad }~ct`ch dauahg~jait cid eqim t`gichmglaraima ì grdar tg ecm`h`tcta ci aeeamtùa cid }ahe*}qemàit}gm`gamgigj`m ~rgma}} ra}ait*dcp }gmàtp `} c hcbprìtl Tlaiaad egr c mhacr( hao`bha cid aeeamtùa }~ct`ch mgita|t `} qroait

Tla ~gòicit damàimp `} baìo mgj~ai}ctad gi tla ìdù`dqchhauah bp mgjjarma jcrfatìo a|mhq}ùa ~rgdqmt}( ergj icuòct`giasq`~jait tg ait`ra dwahhìo crac} Tla ,hcmf ge) sqch`tp ge}gm`gamgigj`m mgita|t gi tla gia lcid cid tla }~ct`ch mgita|tgi tla gtlar a|aj~hà} tla bchcima batwaai ~rùcta cid ~qbh`mdajcid} cid oùa} c mhqa c} tg tla mlcrcmtar`}t`m} ge }gmàtp

Qrbci mgoi`tùa }trqmtqra( mgita|t cid Ercja * ^cttari * M`rmq`t

Tla mgoi`tùa }trqmtqra ge tla qrbci }p}taj( tla qrbci mgita|t(mci ba da}mr`bad ì tarj} ge tla eghhgwìo tlraa igt`gi};

,3) Ercja( mgj~hata iatwgr f ge }traat}( }sqcra}( ~qbh`m }~cma,2) ^cttari( chh ~g}}`bh a da}tìct`gi}( cimlgr ~gìt}( hcidj crf},=) M`rmq`t( tla ~rgkamtad eqimt`gich }p}taj ge rgqta} cid igda}

Ercja mci ba mgi}`darad tla mghh amtùa ~qbh`m ` iua}tjait( tlalcrdw crage tla m`tp( wl` h}t cttari cid M`rmq`t mci ba mgj~cradtg ìdù`dqch ~rùcta ìtarcmt`gi jamlci`}j}( tla }getwcraErcja ecm`h`tcta} tla egrjct`gi ge m`rmq`t} cid tla eghhgwìo

mgìm `daima ai}qra} ci aeeamtùa `j~hajaitct`gi g e cttari

Qidar g~t`jqj m`rmqj}tcima} tl`} w`hh tròoar c }ahe*oaiarctìo~rgma}} ge ~rù cta ìua}tjait}( tla a}tcbh`}ljait ge aitar~r`}a}cid tla cmtùct`gi ge da}tìct`gi}

Tla mc}a ge Cj}tardcj mhacrhp }lgw} ci aeeamtùahp eqimt`giìoqrbci Ercja ]`tqct`gi ge cttari ,ratc`h( }lg~~ìo) } bc}ad gitla }qjjct`gi ge ìdù`dqch m`rmq`t} wl`ml eghhgw tlg}a ahajait}ge tla ecbr`m tlct ìtarmgiiamt tla tg~*dgwi }q~arercja cid tlabgttgj*q~ d`}tr`mt cid iaòlbgqrlggd ecbr`m Voqra 1Z

Tla orcdqch dauahg~jait ge Cj}tardcj ì tla mgqr}a ge t`jacid tla mgitìqgq} ~rgma}} ge trci}egrjct`gi lc} ra}qhtad ì cm`tp Ercja tlct g~t`jchhp rahcta} a|tarich cmma}}`b`h`tp ,aitarìoergj tla gqt}`da( tg~*dgwi) cid ìtarich mgiiamtù`tp ,ergj tla}jchha}t ~crt`mha} ge tla m`tp gqtwcrd( bgttgj*q~) Auarp ~lc}a gea|~ci}`gi cid trci}egrjct`gi ge tla qrbci ecbr`m wc} bq`hdìo gicid a|trc~ghctìo ergj tla tlai a|`}tìo Ercja Voqra 53 tg 50ZMlcioa} cra tlaraegra igt kq}t cbgqt }`j~h p cddìo tg tlaErcja bqt ch}g ,ra)auchqctìo tla ~g}`t`gi g e acml cid auarpwlatlar ~ra*a|`}tìo gr iaw ahajait( hìa gr hgmct`gi( w`tlì tlaiatwgrf c} c wlgha Tl`} wcp c }arà} ge qrbci c|`} dauahg~adtlct ~aiatrcta daa~hp ìtg tla }p}taj cid }grt aeeamt tlrgqolgqtchh hauah} ge }mcha Tla m`tp dauahg~ad c Ercja tlct } mc~cbhage mgj~r`}ìo }`jqhtciagq}hp ìtait`gi} cid eqimt`gi} geguarhc~~ìo( mgitrc}tìo( mgj~atìo cid'gr mgj~hajaitcrp

ictqra Tla Ercja mci ba raocrdad c ~crchhah }p}taj wlaraì}gm`g*amgigj`mch ~ rgma}}a} cid ~lp}`mch*}~ct`ch trci}egrjct`gimci eghhgw tla`r gwi mgqr}a} w`tlgqt ~r`jcrp da~aidìo gi~qbh`m bqdoat Tla ~rcmt`mch a|`b`h`tp cid tla ìtrì}`m mc~cm`tpegr trci}egrjct`gi c Ercja h`fa tl`} ~rgu`da} `} d`ramthp rahctad tgtla wcp tla }traat} ge tla }p}taj cra jqtqchhp ìtarmgiiamtadC martcì ucr`ct`gi ì tp~ghgop cid haiotl ge }traat} `} ch}g`j~grtcit Voqra ?3 tg ?=Z

H`faw`}a( tl`} a|aj~hà} wlp c mgj~hatahp raoqhcr or`d }p}taj

ì `t}ahe dga}it iama}}cr`hp eqimt`gi w ahh a`tlar @t rasq`ra} ciqjbar ge }trqmtqrch a|ma~t`gi} cid dau`ct`gi} }qml c} tlaD`cogich cid tla ~ra*a|`}tìo }atthajait} ì tla Mardc ~hci ìBcrmahgic tg ~rgu`da tla iama}}crp mgoi`tùa cimlgr ~g ìt} cidtlaraw`tl }qemàit }gm`gamgigj`m }òi`mct`gi Voqra ?4Z

Tla l`}tgr`mch m`tp cid ~crchhah Ercja

C or`d ì `t}ahe `} ig ~rarasq`}`ta( bqt c jgra gr ha}} grtlgogich}p}taj ge ìtarmgiiamtad hìa} cid c|`} ge ucrpìo haiotl cidictqra `} c oaiarch ~rgdqmt ge orcdqch dauahg~j ait Tla mc}a*

}tqdp ge Rgttardcj a|aj~hà} tl`} ~rìm`~ha Voqra Tla hìa} tlct~aregrjad c dgjìcit ~g}`t`gi ì tla ~ramadìo ~lc}a lcua tg



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cdc~t tg tla iaw }`tqct`gi cid w`hh qidarog c eqimt`gich* }~ct`ch

trci}egrjct`gi ì mgrra}~gidaima tg tla`r rgha cid ~g}`t`gi w`tlìtla Ercja ge tla m`tp

Jckgr ^cttari ahajait} w`hh ch}g }lèt cmmgrdìohp cid mhc`j c~g}`t`gi chgio tla iaw dgjìcit hìa} Tl`} `} }gjatlìo tlct mciac}`hp ba }aai tgdcp A|cj~ha } t la CJRG Bcif i Cj}tardcj;baegra }atthìo gi tla ]gqtl C|`} tl`} mgjjarm`ch ì}t`tqt`gigmmq~àd ucr`gq} }òi`mcit hgmct`gi} ì tla m`tp( hgmct`gi} tlctmci ba mgi}`darad bgtl cimlgr ~gìt} cid jcì `mgi} ge qrbci`dait`tp @i tla mc}a ge Rgttardcj `t b amgja} mhacr tlct eqimt`gicid }òi`mcima ge tla a|`}tìo C3= lòlw cp( cetar tla jaidìoge twg j`}}ìo hìf}( }lèt} tgwcrd} c ~g}`t`gi c} ìtar*qrbcimgiiamt`gi crac( wlarac} tl`} hìa chracdp bìd} chh jcì cid`mgi`m da}tìct`gi} ge b gtl Tla Lcoqa( Dahet cid RgttardcjVoqra


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@ bahàua tlct tla `dac ge c bq`hdìo `} bgri w`tl ci acrhp ìtq`t`giC }jchh wctarmghgqr }fatml eq}a} ìtq`t`gi w`tl c mgima~t cidajbgdà} lg~a cid da}`ra}]tauai Lghh

C eaw dcp} baegra @ rad gi tla ìtariat( }acrmlìo Jcr{cli( cbgqtOa`}tarlcq}ar cid tla hg}t }~`r`t g e tla iaòlbgqrlgg d@i tla a|~g}`t`gi wc} ch}g c wgrf ge crt ergj c Baho`qj crt`}t;JC^ egr w chfar cid trcuahhar ,Ciihà} Da ]jat)@t wc} c Jaitch Jc~ cbgqt tla Oai`q} Hgm` ge tla }`ta C i`ma 30tlmaitqrp mgj~ha|( wara jaitchhp damàit ~ag~ha wara hgmctadjg}thp egr tla`r hèat`ja

Ci crml`tamtqrch sqa}t`gi gi tla mlcrcmtar`}t`m} ge c }`ta( hacd}ch}g tg tla rahct`gi batwaai tla gb}aruar cid tla gb}aruad cidtla raamt`gic} jad`ctgr _`hh auarp gb}aruct`gi bp auarp gb}aruar hacd} tgtla d`}mguarp g e tla Oai`q} Hgm`( Tla ]~`r`t ge tla ^hcma7

Tla au`dait gb}aruct`gi ge tl a au`daima `} j`}tractìo q} TlaOai`q} Hgm` c}f} c dèearait gb}aruct`gi ge tl a dèearait Tla}acrml tg tla mlcrcmtar cid tla ~g}}`bha `dait`tp ge c ~hcma `}}acrmlìo tg tla igt gbu`gq}( tg wlgha cid tla datc`h( tg tla l`d*dai cid tla u`}`bha( tg tl a bgqidcrà} cid tla ì*batwaai( tla}gqid cid auai tla }jahh

@ ogt tla `dac tg wr`ta }gjatlìo cbgqt Oai`q} Hgm` ì tla }qj*jar( wlai @ u`}`tad ci a|l`b`t`gi cbgqt Crml`tamtqra cid @itq`t`giì ci ghd cid ecjgq} ì}t` tqta egr jaitch `hh ia}}a} ì Ocid Tlaa|l`b`t`gi wc} c mg~rgdqmt`gi batwaai tla Baho`ci DrOq`}hci @i*}t`tqta cid tla Oarjci Crml`tamtqra jq}aqj ` i Ercifeqrt ,DCJ)

^rge E HCJBCHF

A\^HGR@IO TLA ^QBH@M M@TP 2>>?2=


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Tla ]~`r`t ge ^hcma

Oai`q} Hgm` `} c Rgjci mgima~t cmmgrdìo tg ci cimàit Rgjcibahàe auarp ìda~aidait baìo lc} `t} OAI@Q]6 `t} oqcrd`ci}~`r`t Tl`} }~`r`t oùa} hèa tg ~ag~h a cid ~hcma}( cmmgj~cià}tlaj ergj b`rtl tg dactl( cid datarjìa} tla`r mlcrcmtar gr a}*}aima Auai tla Ogd} lcd tla`r oai`q}( c ecmt wl`ml hhq}trcta} tlaeqidcjaitch ictqra ge tla mgima~t

Tla oai`q} tlq} daigta} wlct c tlìo `}( gr wlct `t wcit} tg ba(tg q}a c wgrd ge Hgq`} Fcli@t `} igt iama}}crp ì gqr mgita|t tg og ìtg tla l`}tgrp ge tlamgima~t ge oai`q} @t }qema} tg ~gìt gqt tlct `t wc} ge oracta|`}tait`ch `j~grtcima tg faa~ oggd rahct`gi}l`~ w`tl tla oai`q}

ge tla ~hcma ì c ~lp}`mch c} wahh c} ì c ~}pml`m }ai}a

@i cimàit Aop~t( Oraama( Rgjci*Aj~`ra cid ch}g i Kc~ci( oai*`q} hgm` lc} rajcìad c hùìo rach`tpCrt`}t} cid wr`tar} lcua egqid ì}~`rct`gi ì hgmch mlcrcmtar cida|~hcìad auarp dcp ~laigjaic c} crt( raearrìo hcid}mc~a} cidqrbci j`hàq}Trgqol `jcoa} ,crt ~àma}) wa mci }aa rach`tà}( jcda bp tla crt*`}t} *raamtìo l`} }aaìo ge tlìo} ,@jcoa cid rach`tp)

Jgdari tgqr`}j `} bc}ad gi c ucràtp ge a|~aràima} gi dèearait,a|gt`m) ~hcma}

_lct lc~~ai} e tla mlcrcmtar ge tla ~hcma dga}it jcttar cip*jgra cid wa gihp og egr tla f`mf 7 Lgw hggf} tla OH ge tla]~ci`}l Mg}tc}7 @} tlara c dèearaima batw aai tlaj cid tlagtlar bacml ra}grt} chgio tla Jad`tarrciaci mgc}t}7 Cid wlctcbgqt tla jcfìo ge tla _grhd ì Dqbc`7

Mlr`}t`ci Igrbaro*]mlqh{ ,G}hg 3025*2>>>) Igrwao`ci crml`tamt(l`}tgr`ci cid tlagr`}t( brgqolt tla tlìfìo ge Jcrtì La`daooar

ìtg tla ahd ge crml`tamtqrch tlagrp L`} bggf; Oai`q} Hgm`( Tg*wcrd} c ^laigjaighgop ge Crml`tamtqra 3)`} ìtarict`gichhp wahhfigw^laigjaighgop `} c jaciìo ì ~l`hg}g~lp tlct baoì} w`tl cia|~hgrct`gi ge ~laigjaic ,tlìo}) _lct ~ra}ait} `t}ahe tg q} ìmgi}m`gq} a|~aràima7Ergj d`ramt cid ìtq`t` ua a|~aràima} ge ~laigjaic jci mcidarùa a}}ait`ch sqch`tà} ge tla ~laigjaic ,Tlct wl`ml }lgw}`t}ahe ì `t}ahe)^laigjaighgop mci ba }aai c} mr`t`mch gi chàict`gi ge jci bprct`gich`}j,302>; Lq}}arh( Laoah( La`daooar( Jarhacq*^gitp bqt ch}g ]crtracid Darr`dc)




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Crml`tamtqra oùa} jci ci a|`}tait`ch eggtlghdTl`} `} tla uarp a|tai}ùa cid w `da tla}`} Igrbaro*]mlqh{ ahcbg*rctad i l`} b ggf Oai`q} Hgm` @i acrhàr bggf} la cichp}ad crt cidcrml`tamtqra }màit`mchhp;@ dg igt tlìf tl`} c~~rgcml `} wrgio( bqt tgdcp @ id gtlarjatlgd} jgra `hhqj` ictìo _lai wa tract crml`tamtqra cichpt`*mchhp( wa j`}} tla mg imrata aiu`rgijaitch ml crcmtar( tlct }( tlauarp sqch`tp wl`ml `} tla gbkamt ge jci} ( `dait`mct`gi( cidwl`ml oùa l`j c }ai}a ge a|`}tait`ch eggtlghd

Tg guarmgj a tl`} hcmf( la ìtrgdqma} tla mgima~t ge a|`}tait`ch}~cma6 j aciìo; }~cma cid mlcrcmtar( d`ramthp rahctad tg crml`*tamtqra Crml`tamtqra `} c }qb}tcit`ct`gi ge a|`}tait`ch }~cma

A|`}tait`ch eggtlghd cid dwahhìo cra }pigipj}( cid dwahhìo(ì ci a|`}tait`ch wcp( `} tla ~qr~g}a ge crml`tamtqra Jci dw ahh}wlai la mci gràitcta l`j}ahe w`tlì cid `daità} l`j}ahe w`tl(ci aiu`rgijait( gr( ì }lgrt( w lai la a|~aràima} tla aiu`rgi*jait} c} jaciìoeqh Dwahhìo tlaraegra `j~hà} }gjatlìo jgratlci }lahtar @t j~ hà} tlct tla }~cma wlara h` ea gmmqr} cra ~hcma}ì tla trqa }ai}a ge tla wgrd

^rge E HCJBCHF



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C ~hcma } c }~cma w`t l c d`}tìmt mlcrcmtar]~cma daigta} tla tlraa*d`jai}`gich groci`{ct`gi ge tl a aha*jait} wl`ml jcfa q~ c ~hcma6 mlcrcmtar daigta} tla oaiarchctjg}~lara wl`ml `} tla jg}t mgj~ralai}ùa ~rg~artp ge cip~hcma Tla}a mgima~t} cra itarda~aidait

]~cma mci jaci jcip tlìo} ]~cma c} tlraa*d`jai}`gich oagj*atrp(cid }~cma c} ~arma~tqch ahd6 tgoatlar tla itq`tùa tlraa*d`jai*}`gich tgtch`tp ge auarpdcp a|~aràima; tla mgimrata }~cmaMlcrcmtar } itcio`bha cid tla mlcrcmtar ge c ~hcma w` hh ch}g da*m`dad bp t la q}ar ge tla ~hcmaC }sqcra ,c }traat( c ~crf( c iaòlbgqrlggd) lc} egrj cid mlcr*

cmtar Bqt tla a|~aràima ge t la }sqcra( tla }sqcra c} c ~laigj*aigi( w`hh ba }t`~qhctad bp tla ~ag~ha wlg q}ad tla }sqcra Tla}sqcra mlcioa}( eghhgwìo tla ctt`tqda ge t la q}ar ,wlct ~ra}ait}`t}ahe tg q} ì ~laigjaighgo`mch raa| `gi )

@i tla i`ma a|cj~ha} ì tla bggf} ge Ig rbaro*]mlqh{( }`haimacid hòlt cid }lcdgw mg ja tg tla erg it Rajcrfcbha `} ch}g tlacb}ait ge ~ag~ha cid martcìhp ge tla mrg wdad j c}}a} ]t`hhp~hcma}( iu`ta} pgq tg mgitaj~hcta pgqr baìo ì tla wgrhd @t `}c }~`r`tqch wcp ge }aaìo cid tlìfìo cid `t `} ch}g rgjcit`m

RACI@JCT@IO TLA ]CTAHH@TA M@TP 2 pacr} ge ìiguc*tùa ~rgdqmt`gi }auarch ~rg~g}ch} egr oraai cid g~ai }~cma bqtchwcp} rahctad tg bq`hdìo} d`}~g}ch Ch}g tla ìqaima ge tlg}a~rgkamt} lc} baai uarp dèearait Gia mhacr a|cj~ha ge tl`} ìq*aima `} Jcr{cli d`}tr`mt tla jcì }qbkamt ge tl`} wg rf}lg~*

Baegra egmq}ìo gi tla }~am`ch mlcrcmtar`}t`m} ge jgdari jgua*jait lgq}ìo dauahg~jait} cid `t} g~ai }~cma}( `t wgqhd baìtara}tìo tg rauàw tla wahh figwi ~`mtqra} ge Mghì Rgwa cidErad Fgattar bggf Mghhcoa Mtp i wl`ml }auarch crml`tamtqrch~rgkamt} cra mgj~crad c} g~~g}`ta ughqja}

Mgitìqìo tlg}a mgj ~cr`}gi} rahctad tg ~qb h`m }~cma tla crjcm`tp ~ hci( c trcd`t`gich @tch`ci m`tp( cid ]cìt D` Ha Mgrqb`}ar~rgkamt c} c jgdari m`tp*( tlg}a ~`mtqra} mhacrhp }lgw lgw ì ctrcd`t`gich m`tp tla g~ai }~cma} jaci ~qbh`m }~cma cid tlap crah`j`tad t g tlg}a ~hciad crac} Ch}g tlg}a ~qbh`m }~cma} cra ch*wcp} h`j` tad( hìfad tg }traat} cid lcua c }~am`m rgha ì tla m`tpGi tla gtlar lcid( jgdari j guajait ì tla mc}a ge Ha Mgrbq}àrlc} mgi}`darad tla tarr`tgrp c} ci ait`ra ~qb`m cid g~ai }~cmawlara bq`h dìo} cra }`tqctad Tlara } c iaad ge mlcrcmtar`{ìo igtgihp tla }~cma batwaai bq`hdìo} bqt ch}g tla ait`ra hcid

Auai jgra( }tqdpìo Ha Mgrbq}àr lgq}ìo ~rg~g}ch ge radait}ì Hc U`hha Rcdàq}a wa d`}mguar tlct chjg}t chh tarr` tgrp `} c lqoaoraai crac bqt w`tlgqt c ~rg~g}ad iaw da}òi egr tlg}a oraaicrac} c} tlap cra da}òiad eghhgw` io tla `dac} cid ~rìm`~ha} ge~crf} cid ocrdai} dgia bp Ch~lcid ì tl a j`ddha ge tla aòltaaimaitqrp

Mgj~crìo tl`} ~rg~g}ch tg Jcr{cli d`}tr`mt `t `} ~g}}`bha tg id

rge cbhg Jcrt



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}gja mgìm`daima}( a}~am`chhp ì tla radait} groci`{ct`gi cidtla }`j`hcr`tp ge tla d`}tcima batwaai bq`hdìo} @t `} ch}g `j~gr*tcit tg ba cwcra tlct dai}`tp `} uarp dèearait è w a tcfa ì cmmgqittlct Ha Mgrbq}àr ~rg~g}ch } tlg qolt egr 3>>> ilcb`tcit} ~arlamtcra

C~crt ergj Ha Mgrbq}àr ~rg kamt}( gtlar crml`tamt} geearad gtlarwcp} ge groci`{ìo lgq}ìo d`}tr`mt} bqt chh jgdari jguajait~rg~g}ch} lcd }gja mgjjgi mgid`t`gi}; tlap ~rg~g}ad rct`gichqrbci cid crml`tamtqrch }ghqt`gi} tg lgq}ìo ~rgbhaj} cid tlapa}tcbh`}lad iaw egrj} cid wcp} ge lgq}ìo d`}~g}ch bqt g~ai}~cma wc} tla ra}qht ge lgq}ìo d`}~g}ch( igt c ~rg ~ar da}òi gr~rgkamt ge t lg}a }~cma}

Hggfìo ct tlg}a gtlar ~r g~g}ch} jcda bp maitrch Aqrg~aci crml`*tamt}( ì wl`ml tla jcì c`j wc} tla ba}t }qihòlt mgid`t`gi}( wamci jait`gi Ari}t J cp }mlaja} Tla Ercifeqrt crml`tamt draw cuarp ra~ra}aitctùa }mlaja ge tl`} gtlar wcp ge lgq}ìo d`}~g}ch(wl`ml la mchhad tla egqrtl }tcoa ì qrbci dauahg~jait cid mgi*}`}tad ì; d`}~g}ch ge bhgmf} eghhgwìo tla igrtl }gqtl d`ramt`giì grdar tg geear chh rggj} }qihòlt( cmma}} tg bhgmf} tlrgqol c}amgid hauah }traat cid c ra~actad }asqaima ge; }amgidcrp }traat(cmma}} tg lgq}a}( bq`hdìo( ocrdai cid tlai cocì

@i tlg}a }mlaja} c ~cttari wc} daiad bqt tla }~am`m dauahg~*jait} geearad c ucràtp ge g~t`gi} ì tla dai`t`gi cid q}a ge tla

}~cma batwaai bhgmf} Tlraa ra~ra}aitctùa iaòlbgqrlggd } getl`} wcp ge dauahg~ìo tla m`tp cid }lgwìo c dèearait q}a getlg}a }~cma} ì Ercifeqrt cra tla _a}tlcq}ai( Ràdlge _a}t cidLahharegl ]àdhqioai @i tlg}a tlraa ~rgkamt} wa mci id tlraaucr`gq} wcp} ge q}coa ge tlg}a oraai }~cma} batwaai bhgmf}

_A]TLCQ]AI ]@ADHQIO

RACI@JCT@IO TLA ]CTAHH@TA M@TP =>



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@i tla r}t iaòlbgqrlg gd( tla _a}tlcq}ai ]àdhqio( tlara cratwg dèearait tp~a} ge bq`hdìo}; egqr*}tgrp bhgmf} chgio tla jcì}traat cid twg*}tgrp gia} ì tla ra}t ge tla iaòlbgqrlggd Ch}gtla }~cma batwaai bq`hdìo} `} dè earait ì acml mc}a @i tla r}tmc}a tl`} }~cma } c eaimad ocrdai tlct bahgio} tg chh ilcb`tcit}ge tla bhgmf ge ct} @i tla twg }tgrap bhg mf} mc}a tlara `} c ~r`*ucta f`tmlai ocrdai egr acml gwiar ge ci c~crtjait Tla ~rùctaq}a ge tlg}a }~cma} cid `t} trci}egrjct`gi} lc} baai wahh }tqdàdbp ^l`h`~~a ^ciarc`

@i tla }amgid mc}a( tla Ràdlge _a}t ]àdhqio( c tgtchhp dèear*ait }`tqct`gi `} egqid @i tl`} ~ rgkamt da}òi bp A Jcp tla jcì}traat tlct hacd} tg tla maitra ge Ercifeqrt lc} c trcd`t`gich m`tpc~~acrcima w`tl eccda} daiìo tla }traat hìa Tl`} ~arma~t`gi

mlcioa} tgtchhp wlai pgq aitar tla iaòlbgqrlggd tlrgqol tlg}abq`hdìo}( ì}`da c iaw uarp dèearait }~cma c~~acr} *wlara tlad`}~g}ch ge r a~actad bhgm f} } lahd* @i tl`} mc}a tla }asqaima };}amgidcrp }traat( cmma}} tg bhgmf( ~r` ucta ocrdai( }aj`*~qbh`mocrdai cid cocì Ch}g d`}tr`bqt`gi ge tlg}a bq`hdìo} `} groci*`{ad ì grdar tg oùa chh jcì rggj} }gqtl ecmìo cid tg tla g~ai}~cma

Raocrdìo or aai cid g~ai }~cma}( tla oraai crac } dù`dad i c}jchh ~rùcta ocrdai cid c }aj` ~qbh`m crac bqt tl`} }aj` ~qbh`mcrac } igt rahctad tg t la cmma}} tg bq`hdìo} c} tla }amgidcrp}traat dù`da} or aai }~cma cid bq`hdìo cmma}}

Tla tl`rd a|cj~ha( tla Lahhar}lge ]àdhqio( wc} da}òi bp J crt]tcj~ cid bq`hdìo} cra gràitctad eghhgwìo tla igrtl*}gqtl d`*ramt`gi Tla rahct`gi}l`~ batwaai tla iaòlbgqrlggd cid tla m`tp`} aitrq}tad tg c bhgmf ge c~crtjait} cid }lg~} tlct eghhgw} tla}traat hìa Tla ra}t ge bhgmf} cra groci`{ad eghhgwìo c j `|ad }g*hqt`gi batw aai tla trcd`t`gich bhgmf gro ci`{ct`gi cid tla ra~actadbhgmf d`}~g}ch Auai tlgqol tla cmma}} tg bhgmf} `} ~rg~g }ad

rge cbhg Jcrt

R@ADLGE _A]T ]@ADHQIO LAHHARLGE ]@ADHQIO

A\^HGR@IO TLA ^QBH@M M@TP 2>>?=3


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bp bgrdar }traat}( bgtl bhgmf} lcua tla }cja hcpgqt bqt gihpbamcq}a bctlrggj} cid }tc`r} cra a|mlcioad ì bgt l bq`hdìo}

Tla}a twg dèearait }`tqct`gi} jaci tw g dèearait oraai }~cma}rahctad tg bgtl bhgmf} ge ct} ecmìo tla }cja gràitct`gi Tlar}t gia( tla cmma}} eccda ì wl`ml er gj tla }traat tla }asqaima`}; }traat( }aj` ~qbh`m }~cma( ~rù cta }~cma cid cmma}} tg ct}(bamgja} c mgj~ha| cid ìtara}tìo }ghqt`gi mgj~crad tg gtlar}}aai @i tla }amgid mc}a( tla oraai }~cma batwaai bhgmf} ge ct}`} c mhg}ad }~cma w`tl c uarp }jchh ~rùcta ocrdai bahgioìo tgtla orgqid ggr ct cid c }aj` ~qbh`m qidaiad }~cma batwaaibhgmf} ge ct}

C} t lc} baai }c`d( tla iqaima ge tla}a jgdah} wc} sq`ta `j*~grtcit ì c hgt ge Aqrg~aci mgqitrà} @i tl`} ra}~amt ì Ch`mcita

*]~cì* `t `} ch}g ~g}}`bha tg id gtlar a|cj~ha} ge dèearait q}age }`j`hcr }~cma}

Twg a|cj~h a} ge tlct fìd ge }~cma `} Kqci \\@@@ d`}tr`mt r}t cid}amgid lgq}ìo dauahg~jait* ì wl`ml tla dèearait q}a ge tlg}a}~cma} batwaai bhgmf} mci ba ch}g }tqdàd Tla r}t iaòl*bgqrlggd lc} c jcì }traat bgrdarìo chh bq`hdìo} ergj wl`ml}amgidcrp }traat} *tlct chhgw t la cmma}} tg ct}* cr`}a Tl`} lgq}*ìo dauahg~j ait `} c mhacr a|cj~ha ge tla ra~actad }asqaima;}amgidcrp }traat( cmma}} tg lgq}a}( bhgmf ge ct}( oraai crac cidcocì @i tl`} mc}a oraai crac} cra jcìhp q}ad c} ci ahajait tlctgihp }a~crcta} bgtl bhgmf} cid oùa} battar u` aw} tg chh ct}

@e wa }tqdp tla}a }~cma} ergj tla m`tp ~gìt ge uàw `t `} ~g}*}`bha tg }tcta tlct tla}a oraai }~cma} lcua ig rahct`gi}l`~ w` tltla }traat tlct mgiiamt} tla iaòlbgqrlggd tg tla m`tp @e tla}a}~cma}( }~am`chhp tla crac} mhg}a tg }tr aat( wgqhd l cua lcd cbattar rahct`gi}l`~ w` tl tla jcì }traat( tla}a oraai crac} mgqhdlcua baai c trci}`t`gi batwaai tla }aj`*~qbh`m }~cma cid tlam`tp ~qbh`m }~cma @i gtlar wgrd}( c battar ìtaorct`gi ge tlg}a twg

KQCI \\@@ ]AMGID LGQ]@IO DAUAHG^JAITKQCI \\@@ E@R]T LGQ]@IO DAUAHG^JAIT

RACI@JCT@IO TLA ]CTAHH@TA M@TP =2



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g~ai }~cma} wgqhd lcua geearad c battar }ghqt`gi egr tla m`tp cidtla lgq}ìo dauahg~jait

Tla }amgid dauahg~jait lc} c }pjjatr`mch groci`{ct`gi w`tl cjcì }traat tlct mrg}}a} tla ait`ra iaòlbgqrlggd cid mgiiamt}`t tg tla m`tp Gi bgtl }`da} ge tl`} jcì }traat( }jchh bq`hdìo} egr}lg~} daia tla qrbci eccda ge tla crac6 balìd tlg}a }jchhbq`hdìo} c }arà} ge dgqbha bhgmf ge ct} } }`tqctad gi acml }`da

C~crt ergj tla ecmt tlct tla }~cma batwaai bhgmf} `} balìd tlamgjjarm`ch bq`hdìo}( tla }amgidcrp ~ctl tlct chhgw} tla cmma}}tg ct} cid tla }~cma batwaai bhgmf} `} ì twg dèearait hauah}cid tla ra}qht } tlct tlg}a }~cma} bamgja cmtqchhp d`}q}ad

Dqrìo tla egrt` a} cid età} c iaw taidaimp ì gro ci`{ìo lgq}*ìo wc} ~rg~g}ad Tl`} iaw jgdah ra~hcmad tla ra~at`t`gi gebhgmf ge ct} w`tl tla ra~at`t`gi ge ra}`dait`ch qi`t} egrjad bp}auarch bhgmf} ge ct} Tl`} iaw }trctaop ìtrgdqmad battar r ahc*t`gi}l`~} w`tl }traat} iatwgrf cid ch}g chhgwad tg q}a dèearaitbq`hdìo tp~ghgoà} egrjìo acml ra}`dait`ch qi`t

Cjgio tla m`tà} wlara tlg}a iaw ~rgkamt} wara `j~hajaitadtwg Dqtml mc}a} cra sq`ta getai jait`giad( ì Cj}tardcj tladauahg~jait ge wa}t m`tp a|tai}`gi cid }auarch ~rgkamt} ì Rgt*tardcj A}~am`chhp ìtara}tìo cra tla dèearait u ar}`gi} ge tlaiaw d`}tr`mt ge âidramlt da}òi bp Bcfajc ì Rgttardcj

Tla hc}t uar}`gi ge âidramlt ~rgkamt groci`{a} tla d`}tr`mt ì egqriaòlbgqrlggd }( wl`ml cra chwcp} }a~crctad bp c oraai bcid(crgqid c d`}tr`mt j cì g~ai }~cma Ch}g acml iaòlbgqrlggd lc}twg ~ crf}( gia iacr tla d`}tr`mt g~ai }~cma *wlara c lòl bq`hd*ìo ra~ra}aitìo acml iaòlbgqrlggd `} }`tqctad cid cigtlar cttla bgttgj

rge cbhg Jcrt

A\^HGR@IO TLA ^QBH@M M@TP 2>>?==


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Tla itara}tìo c}~amt mgimariìo or aai crac} tlct tl`} ~ rgkamtgeear} `} tla làrcrmlp ge or aai crac} ergj t la hgwa}t hauah *oraai

}~cma ì tla ra}`dait`ch qi`t}* tg tla lòla}t hauah *tla maitrch cracge tla d`}tr`mt* tlrgqol tla iaòlbgqrlggd oraai crac C} tlraadèearait hauah ge or aai crac} cra mgiiamtad c} c iatwgrf( `t `}~g}}`bha tg og ergj acml gia ge tla ra}`dait`ch qi`t} tg tla iaòl*bgqrlggd ~crf cid tlai tg tla maitrch d`}tr`mt g~ai }~cma

Cigtlar uarp ìtara}tìo }}qa tlct Bcfajc ~rgkamt} oaiarchhpegmq} gi `} tla q}a ge or aai *a}~am`chhp traa}* c} c wcp ge }lc~ìoqrbci }~cma C} `t lc} baai }cd( jgdari crml`tamtqra ì }gjamc}a} `} igt cbha tg daia `t}ahe qrbci }~cma( tl`} `} wlp tla q}age oraai tg daia tla eccda ge g~ai }~cma} *c} i hctarch ~crt} gebhgmf}* mhacrhp ecugqr} tla rahct`gi}l`~ batwaai crml`tamtqra cid

~qbh`m }~cma

C} ì ~rau`gq} jgdah}( tla ìqaima ge tla}a ~rgkamt} ì gtlarmgqitrà} lc} baai sq`ta `j~grtcit cid `t `} ~g}}`bha tg id~rgkamt} bc}ad ì tlg}a `dac} *dai`t`gi ge ra}`dait`ch qi`t}egrjad bp dèearait bq`hdìo} cid `t} ra~at`t`gi* Ch}g tla dèearaitcdc~tct`gi ge tlg}a `dac} geear c ucràtp ge }ghqt`gi} r ahctad tgoraai cid g~ai }~cma @i tla ~rguìma ge Ch`mcita cid dqa tg mh `*jcta rac}gi} *hcmf ge wctar* tla oraai crac} lcua lcd tla`r gwiuar}`gi( ì }gja mc}a} bp ~rùct`{ct`gi( ì gtlar bp mgimaitrctìotlg}a crac} cid jcfìo tlaj }jchhar bqt jgra `j~grtcit

Twg ìtara}tìo a|cj~ha} ge tl`} c~~rgcml mgqhd ba jait`giadì Ch`mcita cid }qrrgqidìo}; ]ci Kqci bacml lgq}ìo dauahg~*jait cid ]ci Ercim`}mg lgq}ìo dauahg~jait ì Ahdc Tla r}tgia( }`tqctad gi c w`da cid c ct }~cma mhg}a tg ]ci Kqci bacml(`} groci`{ad orgq~ìo }auarch bhgmf} egrjìo ra}`dait`ch qi`t}6 ìtl`} ~rgkamt làrcrmlp ge dèearait bq`hdìo} tgwar} cid lòlarbhgmf}* mci ba aj~lc}`{ad Raocrdìo oraai crac}( t }lgqhdba jait`gi tlct tla }~cma rahctad tg acml orgq~ ge bq`hdìo}

]CI KQCI BACML LGQ]@IO DAUAHG^JAIT ]CI ERCIM@]MG LGQ]@IO DAUAHG^JAIT

lc} baai eaimad Tla }amgid a|cj~ha eghhgw ìo c ra}`dait`chqi`t ~rgkamt `} c }jchhar dauahg~jait bqt `t} oraai }~cma `} uarp

~g~qhcr cid q}ad gia Chh dè earait bhgmf} cra }`tqctad crgqidtla oraai }~cma cid mhg}a tg t c jcrfat cid c lòl c~crtjait

bq`hdìo tlct ra~ra}ait} tla iaòlbgqrlggd ì tla m`tp* lcuabaai }`tqctad @i tl`} mc}a tla rajcrfcbha q}a ge tla ~qb h`m }~cma

`} raìegrmad bp tla lòlar dai}`tp ge tla bhgmf iacrbp cid tlamgjjarm`ch cmtù`tp ge tla jcrfat




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@ wgqhd h`fa tg tchf tg pgq cbgqt tla da}òi tlagrp ge ^qbh`m]~cma} gr rctlar cbgq t tla dauahg ~jai t ge ]

E`r}t @ wgqhd h`fa pgq tg figw( tlct ] i tarj} ge }sq cra} cragihp a|` }tìo i tla Aqrg~aci mqhtqra( tlara } igtlìo c} ] itla Crcb`ci gr @}hcj`m wgrhdTlaraegra wa mgi}`dar tla dauahg~jait ge ] } c ra}qht ge mqh*tqra cid rahò`gq} ìqaima

Tla sqa}t`gi wa lcua tgdcp `};_lp dg ] }gjat`ja} wgr f uarp wahh( w` tl c hgt ge qrbci m`tp*hèa( cid wlp dg gtlar ~hcma} dgit wgrf7Cra tlara }gja rqha}( wa lcua tg figw cbgqt tla crml`tamtqrchda}òi cid ge mgqr}a tla qrbci da}òi

Pa}( tlara cra rqha}( cid @ wgqhd h `fa( tg tchf tg pgq cbgqt6 tlai @wgqhd h`fa tg oùa pgq ci j~ra}}`gi bp ogìo bcmf tg tla l`}tgr`*mch rggt} cid bp ra~grtìo tla dauahg~jait auar }ìma

]g hat} lcua c hggf ct tla r}t egqidct`gi} ge tgwi}( tla cit`sqa}atthajait} ergj tla Oraaf}( da}oiad bp c ecjgq} ~hciiar( wlg`} mchhad L`~~gdcjq} ,ergj J`hat)Tla cit`sqa }atthajait} wara bc}ad gi mhacr rqha}( tlara wc} c}tr`mt mgima~t( lgw tg da}òi c tgwi;

* Tla tgwi }lgqhd igt lcua jgra tlci 31 2> tlgq}cid}ìlcb`tcit} _lai tla ~g~qhct`gi fa~t orgwìo( tlap egqidad ciaw tgwi gi c iaw }òlt

* Tla qrbci mgima~t ,tgwi ~hciiìo) ge }qml ci cit`sqa}atthajait wc} bc}ad gi c mhacr jctr`| ge j ctlajct`m}( qiùar}chcid c jptlghgo`mch lcrjgip ,oghdai rct`g)Tla wlgha tgwi lcd tg t w`tl tla ~rìm`~ch} ge tl`} lcrjgi`m}trqmtqra

Tla ~rg~grt`gi ge tla }`da} cmmgrdìo tg tla jctr`| `} ~ar a|cj*~ha; 3 bp 2( 2 bp =( = bp 1Tlct `} a|cmthp rahctad tg tla lcrjgip ge jq}`m cid mci tlaraegraba mgi}`darad c eqidcjaitch da}òi }trqmtqra ,erg{ai jq}`m 'Ogatla) Tla a|cj~ha} ge }qml }atthajait} wara J `hat( ràia(^`rq}( @ tlìf pgq figw tla}a }atthajait}

rge Lghoar Fliah



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Tla ia|t l`}tgr`mch ~lc}a @ wgqhd h `fa tg hggf ct( `} tla ecjgq} ~a*r`gd ge tla Raic}}cima( wl`ml wc} c fìd ge rauùch ge tla cit`sqa

~ar`gd ]gja ge tla jg}t a|m`tìo ~hcma} tlct }t`hh a|`}tìo tgdcp(wlara bq`ht dqrìo tla 31 cid 35 maitqrpHggf ct U`maimc( Rgj( Uai`ma( tla wlgha w grhd g e Jad`tarrciacimqhtqra C} ci a|~grt ~rgdqmt pgq mci ch}g id tl`} ì Aiohcid(Ercima( Iatlarhcid}( ^ghcid( cid ge mgqr}a ì Oarjcip

Tla qrbci da}òi ge tla ~ar`gd ocua q} c ~`mtqra ge c }gm`ch }gm`*atp; tla }`{a ge tla tgw i} wc} }jchh aigqol( tlct tla ìlcb`tcit}

}`j`hcr c} t w c} i Oraaf }atthajait} * fiaw acml gtlar Tlapfiaw cbgqt tla`r ~rgea}}`gi} cid tla`r ecj`hp ceec`r}] ì tla}a mgjjqi`tà} bamcja tla ba}t rggj( }lgw *rggj eg r

mgjjgi ceec`r} ]gjatlìo h`fa wlct `} c hùìo rggj egr tla ecj*

`hp h` ea } tla ] egr mgjj gi hèaTla}a rggj} cra tla maitra ge chh mgjj gi cmtù`tà}( }qml c}octlarìo}( rahò`gq} ~rgma}}`gi}( bqt ch}g egr mgjjqi`mctìo ìra}tcqrcit} gr gi tla ~ hcma} d`ramthp

Mgi}`darìo tl`}( tla}a ~hcma} ch}g lcua c mhacr qrbci mgda( 1rqha};

* Tla }tphìo ge tla }sqcra } h`fa c rggj( }qrrgqidadbp w chh} Pgq mci aitar tla }sqcra c} pgq cra aitarìoc rggj( tlrgqol c dggr cid pgq mciigt hggf crgqid tlaia|t mgriar Tlara cra ig c|a} rqiiìo cmrg}} tla}sqcra ergj gia aid tg tla gtlarGima gi tla }sqcra( pgq a|~aràima c mhg}a ~ar}~am*tùa( a|`t}( }qml c} }traat} cra igt u`}`bha( tl`} }t`jqhcta}~ag~ha} mqr`g}`tp( wlara tg tqri ia|t

* Bamcq}a tla ] } c }lgw rggj egr tla mgjjq i`tptla maitra wc} fa~t mhacr( tlara } ig }tctqa( jgiq*jait} gr gtlar tlìo} ì tla j`ddha( a|ma~t tlara mgqhd

ba c wctar egqitcì( wctar c} ci ahajait ge hèa( `} ra~*ra}aitìo hèa* Tla orgqid wc} }tphad h`fa c mcr~at( }tratmlìo ergj

gia aid tg tla gtlar6 tla iaqtrch }qrecma wgqhd oùawcp egr c a|`bha q}a ge tla }sqcra

* Jgiqjait}( mlqrmla}( }tctqa}( gr gtlar ecjgq} bq`hd*ìo} wara ìtaorctad ìtg tla wchh} chgio tla }sqcraw`tl ig gqt}tcidìo ~g}`t`gi Tlap wara ~crt ge tla}`da} Jgiqjait} wara ~crt ge mgjjgi hèa( tlap waraigt pat jacit tg ra~ra}ait ìdù`dqch ~gwar

* Tla ia|t rqha `} c b`t dèmqht tg a|~h cì( bamcq}a trahcta} tg tla ~rg~grt`gi ge }sqcra};@e c jgiqjait `} ~hcmad gi t la }jchh }`da ge c }sqcra(tlap mchh `t c]sqcra ge haiotl@e c jgiqjait `} ~hcmad gi tla hgio }`da ( `t `} mchhad c}sqcra ge w`dtlTla lòlt ge tla bq`hdìo} `} rahctad tg tla ~rg~grt`gi getla }sqcra




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rge Lghoar Fliah

Ct hc}t hat ja }lgw pgq ci a|cj~ha( gia ge tla jg}t `j~grtcit~hcma} i Aqrg~a( jcp ba i tla wgr hd( tla `c{{c ]t Jcrmg

Tla}a twg }sqcra} ,]t Jcrmg cid tla ^`c{{attc) wara grò` ichhpbq`ht ì 321>( wait tlrgqol dèearait }tcoa} ge dauahg~jait cidwara i`}lad tg tla }lc~a( wa figw tgdcp( ì tla j`ddha ge tla3< maitqrpTla da}òi mgima~t w c} tlct bgtl ~h cma} w`ml cra h`fa c trc~a{a}(}tggd ì c rò lt cioha tg acml gtlar A|cmthp ì tla crac wlara tlatwg trc~a{a} jaat( wc} tla Mcj~ci`ha@t `} uarp `j~grtcit tlct tla tgwar `} gi tl`} }~gt ge tla }sqcra(bamcq}a bgtl ~hcma} cra ~arma~tùahp mhg}ad( tla jgiqjait g etla }jchhar }sqcra } tla chc{{g Dqmcha( cid tla j giqjait ge]t Jcrmg `} tla ]t Jcrmg Dgja( bgtl bq`hdìo} wara tla jg}t`j~grtcit bq`hdìo} egr tla mgjjqi`tp( ra~ra}aitìo rahò`gq}

~gwar cid ~gwar gi acrtl

Gi tla}a ~hcma}( pgq oat tla `j~ra}}`gi ge tla ba}t rggj ge tlamgjjq i`tp Tla rggj `} mhg}ad( tlara cra c hgt ge }traat}( h`fadggr} aitarìo tl` } ~hcma( bqt pgq mcit }aa tlrgqol( cid tlctjcfa} q} mqr`gq}

Cetar tl`} ~ar`gd ge mhc}}`m rauùch( ì tla j`ddha ge tla 30 maitqrptla m`tà} cid mgjj qi`tà} a|~cidad drcjct`mchhp Tgwi} a|*~hgdad cid chgio w `tl `t tla `d ac ge ] baìo tla mgjjqi`tà}ba}t rggj

Tla ra}qht ge tla orgwtl ge tla ~g~qhct`gi `}( tlct tla m`tp jqtctadtg c }maia ,c }tcoa) ge ~ra}aitìo tla uci`tà} ge tla`r ilcb`tcit}

ag~ha ig hg ioar fiaw acml gtlar( tlap bamcja cigipjg q}}trcioar}@t wc} ig hgioar ttìo tg c}f egr tla ~rgea}}`gi ge }gjagia( gr tgdach ,bcrocì) egr ~r`ma} ge ~rgdqmt gi tla jcrfat

Tla wcp ~ag~ha wara dra}}ad bamcja jgra cid jgra `j~grtcit(

A\^HGR@IO TLA ^QBH@M M@TP 2>>?=?


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Ec}l`gi }tcrtad tg d`}mgu ar tla ~ar}gich`tp @idù`dqch hèa }qb}t`*tqtad tla mgjjgi hèa ge acrhàr t`ja}

Tla qbh`m ]~cma} bamcja c tlactra6 gi }tcoa tla }guaraòi}wgqhd ~aregrj tla`r ~gwar cid ~ra}ait tla`r u`mtgrà}Igw tlara wara }traat} mrg}}ìo( tla ~hcma} oùìo uàw gqt ge tla}sqcra( tla `j~ra}}`gi ge c rggj wc} da}trgpad]sqcra} wara dù`dad ì tla j`ddha Jgiqjait}( }pjbgh`{ìotla ~gwar ge tla jgicrml( wgqhd ba }`tqctad ròlt ì tla j`ddha,A|cj~ha} ì ^cr`} cid Barhì)]sqcra} bamcja ci crac ge damgrct`gi ,cdgrijait}) rctlar tlci c}~cma egr mgjjgi hèa

Tla mgima~t ge jg dari qrbci`}j ì}tchhad ct tla }asqaima ge tlaM@CJ mgior a}}a} ergj 302? tg 30== da}trgpad ] mgj ~hatah p

] ig hgioar } c ~crt ge tla qrb ci }trqmtqra ge tla jgdari m`tpTla }a~crct`gi ge eqimt`gi} lc} ra}qhtad ì tla dauahg~j ait ge}haa~ìo m`tà}

Hggf ct tla Lci}cuàrtah i Barhì( ia( i`ma crml`tamtqra ergj tlaba}t crml`tamt} ergj tla 1g , G Iàjapar) bqt ci qibahàucbha,tarr`bha) qrbci }trqmtqra Bq`hdìo }tcidìo c} }gh`tc`ra} ì c ~crf(tla bq`hdìo} ig hgioar hìa tla }traat}6 tlara `} ig `dac ge mgj*jgi h èa cid igtlìo cbgqt ] i tl`} ba}t crml`tamtqra mg ima~tergj tla a|l`b`t`gi ge 301? ì BarhìGr lcua c hggf ct g qr ~rgk amt crac( Jcr{cli( bq`ht c} }haa~ìo}ctahh`ta m`tp egr tla ìlcb`tcit} ge tla dajgh`}lad ghd sqcrtar}crgqid tla maitra ge Barhì@t wc} bq`ht ì ci ìdq}tr`ch wcp Tla qrbci da}òi bc}ad gi cig~ai bhgmf*}p}taj w` tl laòlt} ge 3> 34 hauah} Igw tlara craaeegrt} tg mgj~ai}cta tla hcmf ge ~qbh`m }~cma} bp rabq`hdìo cm*ma~tad jaci} ge ìerc}trqmtqra

RACI@JCT@IO TLA ]CTAHH@TA M@TP =tl maitqrp( c }arà} ge mgqitar jgu a*jait} ì crt( ì crml`tamtqra cid qrbci dauahg~jait ajaroadEqimt`gich`tp( cb}trcmt`gi( radqmt`gi tg tla a}}ait`ch( mhcr`tp cidlgia}tp ge egrj cid }lc~a wc} jg}t `j~grtcit

Tl`} wc} tla t`ja ge eqtqr`}j( mqb`}j( mgi}trqmtù`}j( ge Bcq*lcq}( tla orgq~ da ]t`kh cid gtlar}Tla jg}t `j~grtcit dajcid} wara tamli`mch cid eqimt`gich ae*eamtùaia}} Tl`} a|~hcì} tla iaw tarj} cr`}ìo dqrìo tl`} t`ja}qml c} trcem jcmlìa gr hùìo jcmlìa Chh tla}a tarj}dajgi}trcta tla }~am`ch aj~lc}`} gi c mhacr eqimt`gich dajcid

Gqt ge tla}a }maicr`g} mgj~hatahp iaw `dac} ge m`tp hùa mcja q~;@i 3031 Ha Mgrbq}àr gqthìad tla m`tp mg i}trqmtad gi }q~~g rt*ìo ~`hh cr} w`tl ci ahauctad ~ada}tr`ci hauah cid w`tl qidariactl}~cma egr trcem]g pgq mci }aa tlct tla ìtait`gi w c} c lgr`{gitch }a~crct`gi gedèearait eqimt`gi}( wlara tla ìdù`dqch rgcd q}ar} lcua tla`rgwi ~hctegrj Tlara wc} ig tlgqolt cbgqt m`tp*}~cma

Gi cigtlar gqthì a Ha Mgrbq}àr a|~hcìad t la cducitcoa} ge ctgwar tg wi bamcq}a ge `t} uc}tia}} cid tla hcroa oraai }~cma}w`tlì Tl`} g eearad ra}`dait} mhaciar c`r tlci tla trcd`t`gich m`tpw`tl `t} }trqmtqrch mgj~g}ad }traat*}~cma}

^rge O`}ahc Ohc}}



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Tl`} ~qra eqimt`gich gràitctad croqjait òigrad tla }gm`chjaciìo ge tla ~qbh`m ~hcma} c} ci ìegrjch jaatìo ~gìt

Cid jp ia|t `jcoa }lgw} tla }fatml egr Ug`}ì ergj 3021 Tl`}`} }qrahp gia ge tla jg}t ~g~qhcr qrbci*~hciiìo ~rgkamt} ge HaMgrbq}àr wl`ml lc} lcd c dam`}ùa ìqaima gi hctar ~hciiadiaw m`tp d`}tr`mt} }qml c} Jcr{cliKq}t c} i J cr{cli tla crac} batwaai tla bq`hd ìo} i Ug`}ì cragi c hcroa }mcha cid cigipjgq}Tla m`tp*}~cma } ig hg ioar }aai c} c }gm`ch groci`{ct`gi bqt c} coagjatr`mch orgq~ìo@i tl`} mc}a ci aj`}}`gi*eraa hùìo ì c }qbqrbci a}tcta eqhh georaaiarp `} jgra `j~grtcit tlci tla mgjjgi ~qbh`m }~cma ge cmgjjqi`tp wl`ml wc} egqid i tla trcd`t`gich tgwi

Gi tl`} bcmforgqid M@CJ w c} egqidad i 302



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c} c }~cma ge mgjj qi`tp Tl`} iaw qrbci*~hciiìo jgd ah ge tlaMlcrtar ge Ctlai} wc} gia wl`ml ra}qhtad ì mhg}ìo ge ~qbh`m

}~cma} @t }w`tmlad tg dèearait `dac} ge m`tp hèa( wl`ml wa idtgdcp i Jcr{cli} }fatmla}

@i tla`r bggf Mghhcoa M`tp Mghhì Rgwa cid Erad Fgattar mgj~cratla dajcid} ge tla mlcrtar} ge Ctlai} w`tl tla jgdah ge tlacmrg~gh`} wl`ml tlap ~armaùa ì mgitrc}t tg tla Rgjci Egrqj;_l`ha tla cmrg~gh`} gee ar} racdcbha oqra} wl`ml mci ba a|~ar`*aimad c} }mqh~tqra} ge }ìoha bq`hdìo} tla Rgjci Egrqj hggf}h`fa tla trcd`t`gich tgwi w`tl `t} ~qbh`m }~cma}Bgtl tla cmrg~gh`} cid tla Egrqj Rgjciqj }arua dèearait~qr~g}a};

Tla Rgjci Egrqj da}òi} tla }~cma( tla ~hcma wl`ml`} aimhg}ad bp bq`hdìo} Tla cmrg~gh`} lc} ig }~cma bqt gihp c bc}`m ~hctegrj

egr }ìoha bq`hdìo}

Bqt `t `} ac}àr egr tla q}ar tg qidar}tcid c mhacr daiad }~cmatlci a|tai}ùa aj~tìa}} w`tlgqt mhacr bgqidcrà}

Tla}a cra j~grtcit c}~amt} c} eghhgw}; tla q}ar ge c m`tp lc} tg qidar}tcid tla }~cma} cid tla`r

mlcrcmtar`}t`m} Tla trcd`t`gich m`tp geear} c ucràtp ge }~cma} w`tl dùar}

}at mlcrcmtar`}t`m} cid c ictqrch gw batwaai ~qbh`mcid ~rùcta }~cma

@i g~~g}`ta( tla m`tp ge tla Jgdari Coa lc} ig ìtarjad`cta }~cma Chh gqtdggr }~cma `} ~qbh` m @t `} cuc`h*cbha egr auarpgia @t `} asqchhp cigipjg q} cid lc} ig`dait`tp

@i Barhì tgdcp c iaw }mlggh ge tlgqolt `} ajaro` io @t tract}~qbh`m }~cma c} ra~ra}aitad i ^hciwarf

^hciwarf `}t ci qrbci oq`dahì a( wl`ml raear} tg gh d sqch`tà} cidtg tla }mcha ge Aqrg~aci m`tà}Egr i}tcima( pgq mci }aa gi tla haet tla mrg}}rgcd ge tl a Oartrcq*dai}trca c} t hggf} tgdcpTla ròlt ~`mtqra }lgw} lgw `t jcp hggf ì tla eqtqra; tla }traat}~rgha} cra mhacrhp radqmad Tla trcd`t`gich bhgmf }trqmtqra geBarhì `} ramgi}trqmtad ct tla l`}tgr`mch laòlt@i gtlar wgrd}( tla rasq`rajait ge ~hciwarf `}( tlct }traat}(~hcma} cid bcmfpcrd} w`h h ba cocì a|~aràimad ì tla`r ghd wcp}

@i l`} bggf Qrbci Atl`m( Acjjgi Mciièea ergj Br`tcì aj~lc*}`}a} tla ghd m`tp*}~cma} wl`ml w a hgua }g jqml tgdcp Tlap

lcua orgwi cid lcua baai ~hciiad ì mgita|t w`tlì tla`r l`}tgrpcid trcd`t`gi C sq`ta `j~grtcit c}~amt###La ch}g tchf} cbgqt tla bq`hdì o} aimhg}ìo tla }~cma} cid }cp}; qbh`m rachj }lgqhd lcua jgra uchqa tlci idù`dq ch

bq`hdìo} Crml`tamt} }lgqhd mracta bq`hdìo} ì}tacd gewgrf} ge crt

Tla}a bq`hdìo} }lgqhd }arua c} ahajait} wl`ml daiabqt dg igt gmmq~p tla ~qbh`m rachj Tlap }lgqhd t itgc mgjjqi`tp ge bq`hdìo} wl`ml }qrrgqid tla ~qbh`m}~cma}

]~cma} cra rasq`rad tg cttrcmt ci cqdàima( tg }arua}auarch eqimt`gi} cid tg ~rgu`da c egrj ge ~qbh`m a|~ra}}`gi

@i tl`} mgita|t( tla eqimt`g i} cid tla }gm`ch hèa ì tla}a }~cma}cra uarp `j~grtcit

^rge O`}ahc Ohc}}



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Tla ghd Aqrg~aci gem`ch ~qbh`m ~h cma} chwcp} eqhhhad }auarcheqimt`gi};

3 dqrìo tla waaf( tlap wara q}ad c} trcdìo maitra} cidjcrfat}2 gi ]qidcp} cid ~qbh`m lgh`dcp}( tlap wara `j~gr tcit

jaatìo ~hcma} egr rahò`g q} marajgià} c} tlap }qr*rgqidad tla mlqrml cid tla dgja

= gi c dc`hp bc}a tlap wara tla ~hcma}( wlara ~ag~ha}gqrmad tla`r wctar iaad} ct tla egqitcì wl`ml chwcp}wc} hgmctad ì tla gem`ch ~qbh`m ~hcma

4 cid tlap wara chwcp} c ~hcma tg }aa cid tg ba }aai cidc jaatìo ~hcma wlara pgq jat gtlar jajbar} ge tlamgjjqi`tp w`tlgqt ~rau`gq} crrcioajait

Bamcq}a ge tla}a guarhc~~ìo eqimt`gi } jg}t ge tla ~ qbh`m ~hcma}wara q}ad chh tla t`ja Tl`} wc} `j~grtcit egr }gm`ch hèa ge tlamgjjqi`tpJcip m`tà} ì @tchp egqidad dqrìo tla J`ddha Coa} ,}aa tla~lgtg ge C}}`}`) }t`hh eqhh }auarch eqimt`gi}Bamcq}a ge tl`} r ac}gi tlap cra ~arjciaithp bq}p ;Pgq jaat gtlar} jg ra gr ha}} bp mlcima( pgq tchf tg acml gtlarPgq lcua c d rìf tgoatlar( crrcioa mgitcmt} cid mg itrcmt} Tlara`} c eaahìo ge `dait`tp cid bahgioìo tg c }~am`ch orgq~ Pgqioo`rh} cra }trghhìo cmrg}} tla ~hcma Pgqio bgp} r `da chgio gi tla`rjg~ad bp mgìm`daima Ci ìegrjch a|mlcioa w`tlgqt gbhòc*t`gi( tg }aa cid tg ba }aai cid tg b ahgio tcfa} ~hcma Tl`} ecmtgrge tla igi*bìdìo( ìegrjch( `} uarp `j~grtcit

Tgdcp} m`tp ~hciiìo ge mgqr }a mciigt trci}egrj Jcr{cli ìtgJ`ddha Co ad m`tp*}~cma} Bqt wa mgqh d }aa è cid lgw ecr w a mciìtaorcta tla c}~amt} jait`giad cbgua ìtg tla mqrr ait }`tqct`gi




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A\^HGR@IO TLA ^QBH@M M@TP 2>>?4=

Icjbaroar( Oraogrp6 Iàtg( M}cr6 adrg Ogja{*Jcrtìa{ 6 Ucia}c ]cimla{ Ocrm`c 6 Mcrghìc Ogja{ ara{ 6^àtr{f( Ciiatt6 Fcjì}f`( Bkri6 Pmah( ]amfi6 Fcrh}tadt(Kri6 ]cr`( D`daj Abrq6 Jcrsqcrdt( Eah`|6 H`kbar}( Cria6 J cqrar( Ecb`ci6 Brcò( Kroai6 Dqm( Ioqpai6 _`ttfg~~( J c| ,TEL*Barhì)

Jcqrar( Ecb`ci

TLA L@]TGRP CID DAUAHG^JAIT GE BARH@I*JCR[CLI

Tla pgqio l`}tgrp ge Jcr{cli `} gihp 2> pacr} ghd Gi Iguajbar=>tl i 30?? tla r}t wc} ra}`dait`ch bq`hdìo ì }hcb }trqmtqrai`}lad Tai pacr} hctar chracdp 31>>>> ~ag~ha ogt c iaw lg ja(wl`ha qi t`h 30?1 gihp 3535< ilcb`tcit} hùad i Jcr{cli cidBà}dgre Bqt bgtl ge tla u`hhcoa} cra hgmctad gi c orgqid( w l`ml`} }atthad }ìma tlgq}cid} ge pacr} cid tla`r bq`hdì o l`}tgrp mciba trcmad bcmf ct jgr a tlci ?1> pacr}

Qit`h tla 302>tl tla m`tp ge Barhì cid tla tg wi} cid u`hh coa} ìtla aiu`rgijait ,cid cjgio tlaj ch}g Jcr{cli) dauahg~adjcìhp cqtgigj gq} Tla hgio*d`}tcima rc`hwcp( tla m`tp* cid tla

m`rmqhctìo trcì( tla w ctarwcp}( tla bò crtar`ch rgcd} cid tla mù*`m mcich`{ct`gi w `tl `t} }awcoa ahd}( bqt ch}g tla mù`m lg }~`tch}(majatarà}( }tgmfpcrd} cid }hcqoltar lgq}a} c} wahh c} j`h `tcrpì}t`tqt`gi} bamcja tla raoqhctìo cid mgiiamtìo ahajait}Chh tla}a ì}t`tqt`gi} w ara gi tla gia lcid iama}}crp egr tlaeqimt`giìo ge tla jatrg~gh`} cid gi tla gtlar lcid mgitr`bq*tgrp egr tla qrbci dauahg~jait ge Jcr{cli `t}ahe ]lgrth p cetartla pacr 30>> Jcr{cli lc} dauahg~ad tg c }atthajait hgmct`gi_`tl tla hcw tlct egqid c iaw mgr~grcta tgwi ì 302> ch}g tlarqrch mgjj qi`tà} Bà}dgre cid Jcr{cli bamcja ~crt ge tlad`}tr`mt \U@@ Barhì*H`mltaibaro Tla ìmgr~grct`gi ge tla u`hhcoaBà}dgre brgqolt =>?3 iaw ìlcb`tcit} ìtg Barhì6 Jcr{climl`~~ad ì ?41 ìlcb`tcit}

Tla iaad ge }qml ci a|tai}ùa aihcroajait ge tla m`tp ajaroadergj t la d`}mgitait ge tla Ac}t*Barhì ìlcb`tcit} mgimariìotla j`}arcbha }`tqct`gi ì }q~~hpìo ct} i}`da ge tla m` tp Barhìwc} iacrhp tla }~gt w`tl tla eawa}t iaw bq`hdìo} bq`ht chh guartla ODR _`tl t la cr`}ìo ge q~ tg > ct} ì Ac}t*Barhì ergj30?3 tg 30 ,chjg}t 5>>>> ge tlaj gihp i Jcr{cli) tla bgttgj

}lgqhd ba figmfad gqt ge tla ra}aitjait cbgqt tla ct j`}arpEìchhp tla d` }tr`mt Barhì*Jcr{cli w c} egqid gi Kciqcrp 1tl30?0Tla d`}tr`mt ge Jcr{cli wc} mgi}t`tqtad bp ~crt} ge tla d`}tr`mt}H`mltaibaro cid _aài}aa cid imhqdad c tarr`tgrp ge 1?>> lcw`tl ct} ì tla iaw bq`hd ìo crac( tla iqjbar ge ìlcb`tcit} ì J cr*{cli imr ac}ad tg 3353 qit`h tla aid ge 30


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^CRT 4 ^RA CRCTGRP ]TQDAIT _GRF

TLA = ]TA^] GE DAUAHG^JAIT

CRAC 2CRAC 3 CRAC =

Cetar tla }~ì gee g e tla ~crt} Lahhar}dgre( Fcqh}dgre cid Jclh}dgreì mgiiamt`gi tg tla egqidct`gi ge tla d`}tr`mt ge Barhì*Lahhar}dgre

gi Jcp =3}t 30


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Tla ODR wc} c }gm`ch`}j }tcta( w`tl gihp gia ~gh`t`mch ~crt Tlalgq}a bq`hdìo w c} ~hciiad cid a|amqtad bp tla }tcta Tlara wc}

c dam`}`gi ì 30?3 tg bq`ht ct} egr 2< J`hh`gi lqjci}Bamcq}a ge tla bcd amgig j`mch }`tqct`gi ge tla ODR( tlap iaadadc mlac~ wcp egr rach`}ct`gi; Tla ~raecbr`mctad mgi}trqmt`g i

Tlara wlara twg gtlar `j~grtcit `daghgo`mch rac}gi ì cdd`t`gi tgtla amgigj`mch Ct r}t tlap bahàuad tg tla cducima ge tamligh*gop Tlap ~rgj`}ad c}}ajbhp*hìa wgrf w`hh brìo c r`}a ì gqt~qtcid c lòlar hauah ge hùìo egr auarpgia Tl`} fìd ge ~rgdqmt`giwc} ìtrgdqmad bp Lairp Egrd ì 303= ,egrd`}j)

Ct }amgid tla ODR cmlàuad c wgrhd ge c qi`gi `dac ge j ci Tlapwcitad tg ~rgdqma `dait`mch lqjci} Tlap lg~ad tlap crrùad

tl`} tcroat( bp hùìo ge ìlcb`tcit} ì ci `dait`mch

ctTla _gliqio}bcq}p}taj ?> ,_B]?>) trci}cmtad tla cjb `t`gicid tlap bq`ht gia tg ua Rggj ct} bp dìt ge tla ~raecbr`mctadmgimrata }hcb}


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^CRT 4 ^RA CRCTGRP ]TQDAIT _GRF


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@itrgdqmìo J cr{cli( wa ch}g j cda ci cichp}`} ge tla }gm`ch}trqmtqra ì tla d`}tr`mt

@i Barhì( tla hgmch cdjì`}trct`gi ~qbh` }la} tla }g mchhad]g{`chcthc} wl`ml `} jacit tg da}mr`ba tla }gm`ch }`tqct`gi w`tlìtla wlgha m`tp cid `t} d`}tr`mt} Ci `j~grtcit tggh tg dg tl`} `} tla}gm`ch ìda| Tl`} ìda| `} mchmqhctad bp }auarch ecmtgr} tlct ra~ra*}ait tla lachtl }tctq} cid ge c }gm`ch fìd ( }qml c} dajgorc~l`mcid }gm`gamgigj`m gia}C} c ra}qht( tl`} ìda| `} ra~ra}aitad ì c }`j~h a iqjar`m }mcha ge~g}`tùa cid i aoctùa uchqa} Tla}a uchqa} mci ac}`hp ba mgj*bìad w` tl c jc~( tlct mhacrhp da}mr`ba} tla }~ct`ch }gm`ch }`tqct`giì tla m`tp cid `t} d`}tr`mt}]qr~r`}ìohp t la uchqa mchmqhctad egr Jcr{cli `} iacr tg {arg Tl`}jaci} tlct tla bgrgq ol Jcr{cli ra~ra}ait} ci cuarcoa bgrgqolì Barhì Bqt c mhg}ar hggf gi tla }gm`ch j c~ ge Jcr{cli rauach}cigtlar `jcoa ge tla }maiarp;Tla uchqa} cra igt }~racd lgjgo aiagq}hp cjgio tla crac Tlaracra ~crt} tlct lcua uarp oggd uchqa} , jg}thp tla gia} w`tl gia*ecj`hp lgq}ìo ì tla }gqtl) cid }gja w`tl auai tla wgr}t uchqa}~g}}`bha

*=(>

*2(>

*3(>

>(>

3(>

2(>

=(>

]g{`chìda

|

BA]T _GR]T


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RACI@JCT@IO TLA ]CTAHH@TA M@TP 4 Cetar tla raqi`gi( c uarp drc}t`m coìo~rgma}} mci ba gb}aruadMgj~crad tg tla m`tp g e Barhì( ra~ra}aitad tlrgqol tla qihhadm`rmha}( tla `j~grtcima ge tl`} dauahg~jait oat} auai jgra gbu`*gq}

Tla orc~l cbgua da}mr`ba} tla ~g~qhct`gi dauahg~jait ge Barhìcid `t} d`}tr`mt} erg j 3004 tg 2>>4 _`tlì tla}a tai pacr} Jcr*{cli* Lahhar}dgre hg}t crgqid 35! ge `t} ~g~qhct`giCmmgrdìo tg tl`} wa mci dai`tahp cmt gi tla c}}qj~t`gi ge c}lrìfìo d`}tr`mt

Gi tla ròlt pg q }aa tla rcta ge egraòiar} ì Jcr{cli* Lahhar}dgreì 2>>4 Tla rcta `} uarp hgw , =(5!) @i ecmt tlara `} c ~rgbhajw`tl t l`} orc~l @i Jcr{cli tlara hùa jcip }g mchhad OarjciRq}}ci jj òrcit} tlct ~g}}a}} c Oarjci ~c}}~grt cid cra igtra~ra}aitad ì tla mchmqhct`gi Dqa tg tl`} ecmt( igbgdp cmtqchhpfigw} lgw jcip ge tlaj hùa ì tla d`}tr`mt A}t`jct`gi} }~acf ge31 tg 21>>> ~ag~ha

_GJAI JAI

>

3>

2>

=>

4>

1>

5>

300>

3003

3002

300=

3004

3001

3005

300?

300>>

2>>3

2>>2

2>>=

2>>1

2>3>

2>31

2>2>

*3< *31 *32 *0 *5 *= > = 5 0 32 31 3 21 =>

J@TTA

ER@ADR@ML]LC@I* FRAQ[BARO

IAQFGAHHI

MLCRHGTTAIBQRO* _@HJAR]DGRE

TAJÂHLGE* ]MLGAIABARO

BARH@I

]^CIDCQ

]TAOH@T[* [ALHAIDGRE

RA@I@MFAIDGRE

H@MLTAIBARO

^CIFG_

JCR[CLI* LAHHAR]DGRE

TRA^TG_* FGAÂI@MF


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_a`tar wgliai i dar hcttaMgitìqìo tg ra}`da ì tla }hcb bhgmf

@itaid} tg jcrf a|`}tìo ~rg bhaj} ì tla ac}tari w`da ra}`dait`chcrac} c} wahh c} chracdp i` t`ch`}ad dùar}a ~rgor cj}( }trctaoà}(cid `daghgoà}

Qrbci ~rgbhaj} ' D`}tr`mt ~rgbhaj}

* @i jg}t ge tla mc}a}( w`da ra}`dait`ch crac} c~~acrlgjgoaiagq} cid qid èearait`ctad Tlap cra ch}g }atq~ c} c }a~crcta( eqimt`gich ida~aidait a}tcta cracCmmgrdìo tg c martcì }~am`m jc}tar ~hci

* C jqht`~h a i}qemàit qrbci ìtaorct`gi ìtg tla}~am`m m`tp groci`}j cid tla }qrrgqidìo hcid}mc~a

* Tla }a~crct`gi ge eqimt`gi} cid tla jgig eqimt`gich`tpcug`d }gm`ch ucràtp

* @i}qemàit ecm`h`tà} egr trcdìo( mrcetìo( cid }aru`ma}* ^rgbhaj} i icuòct`gi cid gràitct`gi

Mlcrcmtar`}t`m} ge pgqioar }hc~ bhg mf sqcrtar}

Ci getai daeamtùa( qimlcr`tcbha da}òi c} wahh c} h`j`tad q}*cb`h`tp ge tla icrrgwar }qrrgqidìo cjbàima

* Lòlhp mch`brctad( tp~ad c~crtjait ggr ~hci}

* J`}}ìo ~gtait`ch ge ci idù`dqch c~crtjait q}coa* Hgw lgq}ìo }tcidcrd* _`da}~racd mgi}trqmt`gich dcjcoa} cid

daeamt}( a}~am`chhp i t la rcioa} ge d rcìcoa}( ecmcda}(}ci`tcrp ecm`h`tà} cid }tc`rmc}a}

]gm`ch ~rgbhaj}

* Dajgorc~l`mch }trct`mct`gi(dajgorc~l`mch wcua}* ]aoraoct`gi* Hg}} ge `dait`mct`gi

Eqidcjaitch gbk amtùa}

Raiajait ge

* tla hùìo cddra}}* tla sqch`tp ge cb`dcima* tla eqimt`gich`tp cid }amqr`tp* tla amghgo`mch }`tqct`gi

Qrbci dauahg~jait c~~rgcmla}

* J`| ge qt`h`}ct`gi* Rac}}a}}jait ge eraa }~cma* Ra groci`}ct`gi ge trcem rgqta}* Qrbci`}t`m ìtaorct`gi cid trci}`t`gi}

]gm`ch ~hciiìo gbkamtùa}

* ^qbh`m rahct`gi} ge hcidhgrd}* ar`gd`mch jcìtaicima ge tla gqt}`da cjbàima

* Jgiatcrp c`d ge a}tcta egrj}* ]tcb`h`{ct`gi ge c}}grtad ~g~qhct`gi egrj}* areamtìo ge tla }qrrgqidìo cjbàima* Dauahg~jait ge tla }gm`ch cid mqhtqrch ìerc}trqmtqra ge

tla dauahg~jait crac}

Crml`tamtqrch cid bq`hdìo cmtù`tà}

* Ra}tgrct`gi cid }ci`tct`gi`j~rguajait ge tla tlarjch ~rgtamt`giw`tl D@I }tcidcrd}

* A|mah}`gr a|`b`h`tp i tla ggr ~hci da}òi* Raiajait ge tla }qrrgqidìo cjbàima* @j~rguajait ge tla dgrjcit trcem

@daghgop

Tla mhg}ar tla ìl cb`tcit} cra eraa tg hùa iacr tla acrtl( tlahcroar `} tla`r iama}}`tp tg daia tla`r tarr`tgrp

Mhg}ìo wgrd; ]q}tcìcb`h`tp

]q}tcìcbha dauahg~jait jaat} tla iaad} ge tla ~ra}ait w `tl*gqt mgj~rgj`}ìo tla cb`h`tp ge tla eqtqra oaia

Exploring the Public City Berlin

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