Exploration & ExpansionCh.13 Sec.1

The Big Idea…Competition Among Countries

◦Europeans began exploring the world in the 1400s

◦Countries were motivated by religion & a lust for gold and glory

◦Economies in Europe soared due to this increased exploration & trade

Motives & MeansEurope Begins Exploring

◦Up until the 1400s, European countries had mostly been isolated

◦The Renaissance & increased education made people begin to wonder about the world around them (Marco Polo’s writings)

◦Countries wanted to gain power over their neighbors by finding new goods to sell and cheaper ways to get them

Motives & MeansReligion & Exploration

◦Explorers and countries also wanted to spread religion to distant parts of the world

◦Motto of the day:” God, Glory, Gold”Major Exploring European

Countries◦Portugal◦Spain◦France◦England◦Netherlands

Famous European Explorers

Portugal

Vasco de Gama•Went around the tip of Africa to get to India

Prince Henry the Navigator

•Convinced Portugal to pay sailors to explore around Africa

Famous European Explorers

Spain

Christopher Columbus

•Decided to sail west instead of east to India•Found Cuba, Hispanola

Hernan Cortes•Explored Mexico to find riches & spread Catholicism•Conquered the Aztec People

Famous European Explorers

Spain

Ferdinand Magellan•Believed there was a water passage through

these new Americas to Asia• First voyage to circumnavigate the globe

(died before reaching Spain again)

Spain & Portugal NegotiateTreaty of Tordesillas

◦Both countries were worried the other would try and take each other's findings

◦Portugal got all rights east of the middle of South America

◦Spain got all unexplored land to the West

Other Notorious Explorers◦John Cabot (England) – Discovered New

England◦Amerigo Vespucci (Italy) – Travelled with

Cabot & wrote about what they found

The Spanish Empire ExpandsConquistadors

◦Spanish conquerors who travelled to the Americas

Montezuma◦Leader of the Aztec◦Conquered by Cortes & the Spanish

Francisco Pizarro◦Discovered the Inca Empire while

exploring S. America◦Conquered them, established a

Spanish colony

The Spanish Empire ExpandsEncomienda System

◦Queen Isabella declared all natives of the Indies were her subjects

◦Encomienda system allowed Spanish settlers to use natives as laborers

◦Natives were put to work on plantations, in mines, and treated poorly

◦Were also forced to adopt Christianity

The Spanish Empire ExpandsColumbian Exchange

◦Name given for the exchange between Europe & the New World

◦Europe to America: Diseases, wheat, horses, cattle, honey bees

◦Americas to Europe: Potatoes, corn, tomatoes, tobacco, tomatoes

◦Transformed both worlds drastically

European Rivalries SpreadNetherlands (Dutch)

◦Began sending out fleets of trade ships to buy all the goods in India

◦Made settlements on the east coast of N. America

England (Great Britain)◦Also increased trading w/ India◦Set up colonies along the east coast

of N. AmericaFrance

◦Founded colonies in Canada & N. America