Early Colonial Exploration and Expansion
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Transcript of Early Colonial Exploration and Expansion
Early Colonial Exploration and Expansion
AFRICA
Pre-Colonial Africa
Reasons for European Expansion
• 1. Curiosity• 2. Search for new trade routes• 3. Desire for natural resources and wealth• 4. Pride
Portugal
• Why were the Portuguese the first Europeans to travel to Africa?
– Prince Henry the Navigator (west coast)– Bartolomeu Dias (Cape of Good Hope)– Vasco Da Gama (India)
PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION
Exploring Africa
• 1. The Gold Coast• 2. Western Africa• 3. East Africa• 4. Mozambique
The Early Slave Trade
• 1. Islamic Empire controlled the slave trade.
• 2. Intra-African Trade• 3. Establishment of Trade Posts (later for
slave trade) – 40 along the West Coast• 4. European expansion to the New World
leads to increased demands for slaves.
Slave Trade• Years Number of Slaves % of overall trade
1450 -1500 81,000 -1500 – 1600 328,000 2.01601 – 1700 1,348,000 12.01701 – 1800 6,090,000 54.21801 – 1900 3,466,000 30.9____________________________________________Total 11,233,000 100.0
Where Did the Slaves Go?
The Decline of Portuguese Influence
• Few permanent settlements• Racial Assimilation• Annexation by Spain• Political Instability• Colonial Wars (Mozambique and Angola)• International Competition
Colonial Africa
• The Scramble for Africa (1880 – 1900)– Britain– Italy– France– Germany– Spain– Belgium– Netherlands
THE BRITISH COME TO AFRICA
• 1553 - British ship brings back gold from Guinea• 1650s – British begin building forts on the West
Coast of Africa, including the fort at Cape Coast• 1700s – 1800s – British become heavily involved
in the slave trade• 1807 – Britain abolishes the slave trade• 1817 – Britain begins to take control of people
living on the coast with the consent of the Ashanti state.
THE FRENCH COME TO AFRICA
• 1624 – France est. trading posts in Senegal
• 1774 – 1815 - Conflict with Britain destroys French colonialism
• 1830 – France invades Algeria
BERLIN CONFERENCE
• 1884 – Portugal requests Otto von Bismark solve the “Africa Problem”
• 14 countries invited– Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France,
Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway (unified from 1814-1905), Turkey, and the United States of America.
– Germany France, G.B. and Portugal are the major players
Carving Up Africa
• 80% of the continent was self-governed• Africa is carved into 50 countries and
superimposed over the 1000 indigenous cultures.
Who Got What?• Great Britain – Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya (British
East Africa), South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana (Rhodesia), Nigeria and Ghana (Gold Coast)
• France – Mauritania to Chad (French West Africa), and Gabon and the Republic of Congo (French Equatorial Africa)
• Belgium – Democratic Republic of the Congo (Belgian Congo)
• Portugal – Mozambique, Guinea and Angola• Italy – Somalia (Italian Somaliland) and Eritrea.• Germany – Namibia (German Southwest Africa) and
Tanzania (German East Africa)• Spain – Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni)
Colonial Africa After WWI
Colonial Africa After WWII